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sector:energy:fugitive:gas:start [2021/03/15 15:30] – [1.B.2.b.vi - Distribution] boettchersector:energy:fugitive:gas:start [2024/11/06 15:10] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 | 1.B.2.b         |  -/-        |  -/-  |  -    |  -/-    |  -/-  |  -    |  -    |  -    |  -    |  -     |  -    |  -    |  -    |  -     |  -      | | 1.B.2.b         |  -/-        |  -/-  |  -    |  -/-    |  -/-  |  -    |  -    |  -    |  -    |  -     |  -    |  -    |  -    |  -     |  -      |
  
 +.
  
 +{{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}}
  
-  +===== 1.B.2.b.i - Exploration =====
-==== 1.B.2.b.i - Exploration ====+
  
  
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 ^ Source of emission factor  ^ Substance  ^ Unit         ^ Value  ^ ^ Source of emission factor  ^ Substance  ^ Unit         ^ Value  ^
 | Natural gas production     | NMVOC      | kg/ 1000 m³  |  0.005 | | Natural gas production     | NMVOC      | kg/ 1000 m³  |  0.005 |
-==== 1.B.2.b.iii - Processing ==== 
-  
  
 +===== 1.B.2.b.iii - Processing =====
  
 The emissions of this category consist of emissions from the activities of pretreatment and processing.  The emissions of this category consist of emissions from the activities of pretreatment and processing. 
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 ^ Source of emission factor  ^  Substance  ^  Unit         ^  Value  ^ ^ Source of emission factor  ^  Substance  ^  Unit         ^  Value  ^
-| Treatment of sour gas      |  NMVOC      |  kg/ 1000 m³  |   0.004 | +| Treatment of sour gas      |  NMVOC      |  kg/ 1000 m³  | 0.004 | 
-==== 1.B.2.b.iv - Transmission ====+| Treatment of sour gas      |  CO          |  kg/ 1000 m³   | 0.043   | 
 +| Treatment of sour gas      |  NOx         |  kg/ 1000 m³   | 0.011   | 
 +| Treatment of sour gas      |  SO2         |  kg/ 1000 m³   | 0.14    |
  
 +
 +===== 1.B.2.b.iv - Transmission =====
  
 This source category's emissions consist of emissions from activities of gas producers and suppliers. In Germany, natural gas is transported from production and processing companies/plants to gas suppliers and other processors. In addition, natural gas is imported and transmitted via long-distance pipelines. This source category's emissions consist of emissions from activities of gas producers and suppliers. In Germany, natural gas is transported from production and processing companies/plants to gas suppliers and other processors. In addition, natural gas is imported and transmitted via long-distance pipelines.
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 | Cavern reservoirs                                  |  NMVOC      |  kg/ 1000 m³  |  0,001  | | Cavern reservoirs                                  |  NMVOC      |  kg/ 1000 m³  |  0,001  |
 | Porous-rock reservoirs                             |  NMVOC      |  kg/ 1000 m³  |  0,001  | | Porous-rock reservoirs                             |  NMVOC      |  kg/ 1000 m³  |  0,001  |
-==== 1.B.2.b.v - Distribution ====+ 
 +===== 1.B.2.b.v - Distribution =====
  
 The emissions caused by gas distribution have decreased slightly, even though gas throughput has increased considerably and the distribution network has been enlarged considerably with respect to its size in 1990. One important reason for this improvement is that the gas-distribution network has been modernised, especially in eastern Germany. In particular, the share of grey cast-iron lines in the low-pressure network has been reduced, with such lines being supplanted by low-emissions plastic pipelines. Another reason for the reduction is that fugitive losses in distribution have been reduced through a range of technical improvements (tightly sealing fittings such as flanges, valves, pumps, compressors) undertaken in keeping with emissions-control provisions in relevant regulations (TA Luft (1986) and TA Luft (2002)). The emissions caused by gas distribution have decreased slightly, even though gas throughput has increased considerably and the distribution network has been enlarged considerably with respect to its size in 1990. One important reason for this improvement is that the gas-distribution network has been modernised, especially in eastern Germany. In particular, the share of grey cast-iron lines in the low-pressure network has been reduced, with such lines being supplanted by low-emissions plastic pipelines. Another reason for the reduction is that fugitive losses in distribution have been reduced through a range of technical improvements (tightly sealing fittings such as flanges, valves, pumps, compressors) undertaken in keeping with emissions-control provisions in relevant regulations (TA Luft (1986) and TA Luft (2002)).
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 | Above-ground storage facilities                               |  NMVOC      |  kg/ 1000 m³  |  0.125   | | Above-ground storage facilities                               |  NMVOC      |  kg/ 1000 m³  |  0.125   |
  
 +<WRAP center round info 80%>
 +In the 1990s, town gas (=coal gas) was supplied to households via distribution systems in East Germany and West-Berlin. The composition of coal gas varied in the different regions, consisting of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and nitrogene. 
 +</WRAP>
  
-==== 1.B.2.b.vi - Distribution ====+==== 1.B.2.b.vi - Post-Meter Emissions ====
  
  
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 | Energy consumption of the industry                                   |  TWh      |  323   |  361   |  370   |  399   |  335   |  377   |  391   |  426.5  | | Energy consumption of the industry                                   |  TWh      |  323   |  361   |  370   |  399   |  335   |  377   |  391   |  426.5  |
  
-The emission factors are country-specific, and they were determined via the research project "Methane emissions via gas use in Germany from 1990 to 1997, with an outlook for 2010" ( Methanemissionen durch den Einsatz von Gas in Deutschland von 1990 bis 1997 mit einem Ausblick auf 2010) Fraunhofer ISI (2000) [(REICHERTSCHOEN2020)]. To receive appropriate NMVOC emission factors the gas composition was considered. +The emission factors are country-specific, and they were determined via the research project "Methane emissions via gas use in Germany from 1990 to 1997, with an outlook for 2010" ( Methanemissionen durch den Einsatz von Gas in Deutschland von 1990 bis 1997 mit einem Ausblick auf 2010) Fraunhofer ISI (2000) [(REICHERTSCHOEN2020)]. Pursuant to Arbeitsblatt [Worksheet] G 600(Technische Regel fuer Gasinstallationen [(DVGW2018)] of the German Technical and Scientific Association for Gas and Water (DVGW), a leakage rate of 0-1 l CH4/h has no affect on an installation's functionality. When a leak test shows that an installation is leaking a rate higher than that figure, the installation has to be repaired within the short term. National experts thus consider a value of 2 m³ CH4/year to be suitable. To receive appropriate NMVOC emission factors the gas composition was considered. 
  
 ^ Source of emission factor                                                        ^  Substance  ^  Unit     ^  Value       ^ ^ Source of emission factor                                                        ^  Substance  ^  Unit     ^  Value       ^
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 | Fittings in industrial facilities                                                |  NMVOC      |  m³/ m³   |  0.00001025  | | Fittings in industrial facilities                                                |  NMVOC      |  m³/ m³   |  0.00001025  |
  
 +
 +===== Recalculations =====
 +
 +Please refer to overarching chapter [[sector:energy:fugitive:start|1.B - Fugitive Emissions from fossil fuels]]
  
 ===== Planned improvements ===== ===== Planned improvements =====
  
-Currently no improvements are planned.+Emission factors from natural gas transmission will be updated according to results of the UNEP OGMP 2.0 measurement programm (1.B.2.b.iv)
  
 ===== References ===== ===== References =====
  
-[(WEG2008>WEG (2008). Report of the Association of Oil and Gas Producing "Erdgas – Erdöl. Entstehung-Suche-Förderung", Hannover, 34 S. [[https://www.bveg.de/content/download/1990/11317/file/Erdgas%20Erd%C3%B6l%20Entstehung%20Suche%20F%C3%B6rderung.pdf|External Link, PDF]] )]+[(WEG2008>WEG (2008). Report of the Association of Oil and Gas Producing "Erdgas – Erdöl. Entstehung-Suche-Förderung", Hannover, 34 S. [[https://web.archive.org/web/20220119003912/https://www.bveg.de/content/download/1990/11317/file/Erdgas%20Erd%C3%B6l%20Entstehung%20Suche%20F%C3%B6rderung.pdf|External Link, PDF]] )]
 [(EXXON2014>EXXON (2014). Förderung von Erdgas in Deutschland.)] [(EXXON2014>EXXON (2014). Förderung von Erdgas in Deutschland.)]
 [(ZOELLNER2014>Zöllner, S. (2014). Überführung der Bestands- und Ereignisdaten des DVGW in die Emissionsdatenbank des Umweltbundesamts. )] [(ZOELLNER2014>Zöllner, S. (2014). Überführung der Bestands- und Ereignisdaten des DVGW in die Emissionsdatenbank des Umweltbundesamts. )]
 [(GASUNIE2014>GASUNIE (2014). Verdichterstationen.)] [(GASUNIE2014>GASUNIE (2014). Verdichterstationen.)]
-[(OHLEN2019>Ohlen, N. v. (2019). Umsetzungsbericht zum Netzentwicklungsplan Gas 2018-2028 der Fernleitungsnetzbetreiber. [[https://www.fnb-gas.de/media/2019_04_01_umsetzungsbericht_2019_1.pdf|External Link, PDF]] )]+[(OHLEN2019>Ohlen, N. v. (2019). Umsetzungsbericht zum Netzentwicklungsplan Gas 2018-2028 der Fernleitungsnetzbetreiber. [[https://fnb-gas.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/2019_04_01_umsetzungsbericht_2019_1.pdf|External Link, PDF]] )]
 [(GROSSE2019>Grosse, C. (2019). Qualitätsprüfung der Texte für den nationalen Inventarbericht und Datenerhebung in der Quellgruppe.1.B.2.b (PNr. 1252 30).)] [(GROSSE2019>Grosse, C. (2019). Qualitätsprüfung der Texte für den nationalen Inventarbericht und Datenerhebung in der Quellgruppe.1.B.2.b (PNr. 1252 30).)]
 [(LANGER2012>Langer, B. u. (2012). Ermittlung von Emissionsfaktoren und Aktivitätsraten im Bereich IPCC (1996) 1.B.2.b.iii (Bericht Nr. M96023/01, UBA FKZ 360 16 035).)] [(LANGER2012>Langer, B. u. (2012). Ermittlung von Emissionsfaktoren und Aktivitätsraten im Bereich IPCC (1996) 1.B.2.b.iii (Bericht Nr. M96023/01, UBA FKZ 360 16 035).)]
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 [(AGEB2019a>AGEB (2019a). Energieverbrauch in Deutschland im Jahr 2018. [[https://ag-energiebilanzen.de/index.php?article_id=29&fileName=ageb_jahresbericht2018_20190326_dt.pdf|External Link]] )] [(AGEB2019a>AGEB (2019a). Energieverbrauch in Deutschland im Jahr 2018. [[https://ag-energiebilanzen.de/index.php?article_id=29&fileName=ageb_jahresbericht2018_20190326_dt.pdf|External Link]] )]
 [(REICHERTSCHOEN2020>Reichert, J, Schön, M (2000). Methanemissionen durch den Einsatz von Gas in Deutschland von 1990 bis 1997 mit einem Ausblick auf 2010. Fraunhofer ISI (2000).)] [(REICHERTSCHOEN2020>Reichert, J, Schön, M (2000). Methanemissionen durch den Einsatz von Gas in Deutschland von 1990 bis 1997 mit einem Ausblick auf 2010. Fraunhofer ISI (2000).)]
- +[(DVGW2018>DVGW. GI - G 600 Arbeitsblatt 2018, published by DVGW (2018) [[https://www.dvgw.de/leistungen/regeln-und-normen|External Link]] )]