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| sector:energy:fugitive:solid_fuels:start [2021/03/16 09:42] – [Decommissioned hard-coal mines] boettcher | sector:energy:fugitive:solid_fuels:start [2024/11/06 16:10] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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| | 1.B.1.a | | 1.B.1.a | ||
| | 1.B.1.b | | 1.B.1.b | ||
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| + | {{page> | ||
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| The source category Solid fuels (1.B.1) consists of two sub-source subcategories – the source subcategory Coal mining (1.B.1.a) and the source subcategory Coal transformation (1.B.1.b). This chapter discusses fugitive emissions from coal mining, coal handling, including door leakages from coke ovens and quenching (emissions from the furnace are covered by category 1.A.1.c), and emissions from the beneficiation of solid fuels. In the mining sector, a distinction is made between open-pit mines, in which raw materials are extracted from pits open to the surface, and closed-pit mines, in which seams are mined underground. In Germany, hard coal used to be mined in closed-pits only (until 2018), while lignite is mined in four coal fields since 2003 with the open-pit method only. | The source category Solid fuels (1.B.1) consists of two sub-source subcategories – the source subcategory Coal mining (1.B.1.a) and the source subcategory Coal transformation (1.B.1.b). This chapter discusses fugitive emissions from coal mining, coal handling, including door leakages from coke ovens and quenching (emissions from the furnace are covered by category 1.A.1.c), and emissions from the beneficiation of solid fuels. In the mining sector, a distinction is made between open-pit mines, in which raw materials are extracted from pits open to the surface, and closed-pit mines, in which seams are mined underground. In Germany, hard coal used to be mined in closed-pits only (until 2018), while lignite is mined in four coal fields since 2003 with the open-pit method only. | ||
| <WRAP center round box 80%> | <WRAP center round box 80%> | ||
| - | Unitil 2018 Germany produced significant amounts of hard coal in underground mines. Since 2019, hard coal has been imported exclusively. NMVOC emissions are considered insignificant as the coal outgased along the import route. Particle emissions from loading and unloading as well as storage are reported under 2.L(a) - "Handling of Bulk Products" | + | Unitil 2018 Germany produced significant amounts of hard coal in underground mines. Since 2019, hard coal has been imported exclusively. NMVOC emissions are considered insignificant as the coal outgased along the import route. Particle emissions from loading and unloading as well as storage are reported under |
| </ | </ | ||
| - | ==== Lignite production ==== | + | ===== Lignite production |
| {{ : | {{ : | ||
| The activity rates for lignite production have been taken from the //Statistik der Kohlenwirtschaft// | The activity rates for lignite production have been taken from the //Statistik der Kohlenwirtschaft// | ||
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| | Extraction of lignite | | Extraction of lignite | ||
| - | ==== Lignite coke production ==== | + | ===== Lignite coke production |
| ^ Activity data ^ Unit ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2015 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ | ^ Activity data ^ Unit ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2010 ^ 2015 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ | ||
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| | production of lignite coke | | production of lignite coke | ||
| | production of lignite coke | | production of lignite coke | ||
| - | ==== Hard coal coke production ==== | + | |
| + | ===== Hard coal coke production | ||
| The activity rates for hard coal coke production have been taken from the //Statistik der Kohlenwirtschafts// | The activity rates for hard coal coke production have been taken from the //Statistik der Kohlenwirtschafts// | ||
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| - | ==== Charcoal production ==== | + | ===== Charcoal production |
| Small quantities of charcoal are produced in Germany – by one major charcoal-factory operator and in a number of demonstration charcoal kilns. The pertinent quantities are determined by the Federal Statistical Office and are subject to confidentiality requirements. The emission factors were obtained from US EPA 1995 [(NEULICHT1995)] . | Small quantities of charcoal are produced in Germany – by one major charcoal-factory operator and in a number of demonstration charcoal kilns. The pertinent quantities are determined by the Federal Statistical Office and are subject to confidentiality requirements. The emission factors were obtained from US EPA 1995 [(NEULICHT1995)] . | ||
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| <WRAP center round box 50%> | <WRAP center round box 50%> | ||
| - | Use of charcoal (includes wood only) and barbecue coal (includes wood and lignite briquetts) is reported under 2.G.4. The production of lignite briquettes is reported under 1.B.1.b. | + | Use of charcoal (includes wood only) and barbecue coal (includes wood and lignite briquetts) is reported under [[sector: |
| </ | </ | ||
| - | ==== Decommissioned hard-coal mines ==== | + | ===== Decommissioned hard-coal mines ===== |
| NMVOC Emissions from decommissioned hard-coal mines play a role in this sub- source category. When a hard-coal mine is decommissioned, | NMVOC Emissions from decommissioned hard-coal mines play a role in this sub- source category. When a hard-coal mine is decommissioned, | ||
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| ^ Source of emission factor | ^ Source of emission factor | ||
| | decommissioned hard-coal mines | NMVOC | kg/ | | decommissioned hard-coal mines | NMVOC | kg/ | ||
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| + | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
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| + | Please refer to overarching chapter [[sector: | ||
| ===== Planned improvements ===== | ===== Planned improvements ===== | ||
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| [(EMEPEEA2016> | [(EMEPEEA2016> | ||
| [(NEULICHT1995> | [(NEULICHT1995> | ||
| - | [(MEINERS2014> | + | [(MEINERS2014> |
| - | [(KOHLENWIRTSCHAFT> | + | [(KOHLENWIRTSCHAFT> |