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sector:energy:fugitive:start [2021/03/12 15:18] – ↷ Links adapted because of a move operation boettcher | sector:energy:fugitive:start [2024/11/06 15:10] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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- | ====== 1.B - Fugitive Emissions from fuels (OVERVIEW) | + | ====== 1.B - Fugitive Emissions from fossil |
- | ===== Short Description ===== | + | During all stages of fuel production and use, from extraction of fossil fuels to their final use, fuel components can escape or be released as fugitive emissions. |
- | [[f> | + | While NMVOC, TSP and SOₓ are the most important emissions within the source category //solid fuels//, fugitive emissions of oil and natural gas include substantial amounts of NMVOC and SOₓ. |
- | + | ||
- | While NMVOC, TSP and SO,,x,, are the most important emissions within the source category //solid fuels//, fugitive emissions of oil and natural gas include substantial amounts of NMVOC and SO,,x,,. | + | |
1.B - " | 1.B - " | ||
- | ^ NFR-Code | + | ^ NFR-Code |
- | | **1.B.1** | + | | **1.B.1** |
- | | **1.B.2** | + | | **1.B.2.a** | [[sector: |
- | | **1.B.3** | [[Geothermal Energy]] | + | | **1.B.2.b** |
+ | | **1.B.2.c** | [[sector: | ||
+ | | **1.B.3** | ||
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- | Following chart provides emission trends for main pollutants in NFR 1.B. (click to enlarge): | + | | {{ : |
- | [[<image Overview_EM_1B.JPG size=" | + | | Carbon Monoxide |
+ | | | | | ||
+ | | {{ : | ||
+ | | SOx | ||
- | //Please refer to sub-categories for more details!.// | ||
- | ------ | + | **Sulphur Dioxide** emissions occur during the production of hard-coal coke. The value of the year 1990 is partly based on the GDR’s emission report, chapter “Produktion” (=production) which has no clear differentiation between mining, transformation and handling of coal. The total emission as reported in the emission report is allocated in the NFR categories 1.B.1 and 2. The split factor is based on estimation of experts. |
+ | The apparently steep decline from 2007 to 2008 is the result of a research project in 2010, where new emission factors were determined for coke production for the years 2008. | ||
+ | In sub-category 1.B.2, one main driver of shrinking SO2 emission is the decreasing amount of flared natural gas. The shrinking emissions are also attributed to the declining emissions from desulphurisation, | ||
- | ==== Proportional share of fugitive emissions concerning emissions of the energy sector and national total amounts ==== | ||
- | ^ pollutant | + | **Particulate matter** emissions occur during the transformation of lignite and hard coal. The very steep decline of the emissions |
- | ^ NOₓ | + | |
- | ^ NMVOC | + | |
- | ^ SOₓ | + | |
- | ^ PM₂.₅ | + | |
- | ^ PM₁₀ | + | |
- | ^ TSP | + | |
+ | **NMVOC** emission occur during the production of hard-coal coke. The shrinking emissions are mainly attributed to the hard-coal coke production and the decommissioning of outdated plants. The main sources of NMVOC emissions from total petrol distribution (1.B.2.a.v) were fugitive emissions from handling and transfer (filling/ | ||
- | The following charts show the contribution | + | **Carbon monoxide** emissions occur during the production of coke and charcoal. |
+ | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
- | ^ Pollutant | + | Recalculations covering the past two years have been carried out as a result of the provisional nature of a number of statistics in this area. |
- | ^ Nitrogen dioxide | + | |
- | ^ Carbon monoxide | + | |
- | ^ NMVOC | + | |
- | ^ Sulphur dioxide | + | |
- | ^ Particulate Matter | + | |
- | ^ Ammonia | + | |
+ | Furthermore, | ||
- | ==== Recalculations ==== | + | ^ **NMVOC** |
- | + | | **2020 Submission** | |
- | Recalculations covering the past two years have been carried out as a result of the provisional nature of a number of statistics in this area. | + | | **2021 Submission** |
+ | | **Difference** | ||
<WRAP center round info 60%> | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
- | For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates reported for Base Year and 2015**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter [[[recalculations | 8.1 - Recalculations]]]. | + | For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates reported for Base Year and 2015**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general:recalculations:start|Chapter |
</ | </ | ||
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+ | ===== Improvements planned for future submissions ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | * emissions from storage of refinery products will be divided up to fuels (under 1.B) and chemical products (2.B) | ||
+ | * emission factors from natural gas transmission will be updated according to results of the UNEP OGMP 2.0 measurement programm (1.B.2.b.iv) | ||