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sector:energy:fugitive:start [2021/03/13 11:01] – [Table] boettcher | sector:energy:fugitive:start [2024/11/06 15:10] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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- | ====== 1.B - Fugitive Emissions from fuels (OVERVIEW) | + | ====== 1.B - Fugitive Emissions from fossil |
- | + | ||
- | ===== Short Description | + | |
During all stages of fuel production and use, from extraction of fossil fuels to their final use, fuel components can escape or be released as fugitive emissions. | During all stages of fuel production and use, from extraction of fossil fuels to their final use, fuel components can escape or be released as fugitive emissions. | ||
- | While NMVOC, TSP and SO,,x,, are the most important emissions within the source category //solid fuels//, fugitive emissions of oil and natural gas include substantial amounts of NMVOC and SO,,x,,. | + | While NMVOC, TSP and SOₓ are the most important emissions within the source category //solid fuels//, fugitive emissions of oil and natural gas include substantial amounts of NMVOC and SOₓ. |
1.B - " | 1.B - " | ||
- | ^ NFR-Code | + | ^ NFR-Code |
- | | **1.B.1** | + | | **1.B.1** |
- | | **1.B.2.a** | + | | **1.B.2.a** |
- | | **1.B.2.b** | + | | **1.B.2.b** |
- | | **1.B.2.c** | + | | **1.B.2.c** |
+ | | **1.B.3** | ||
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- | Following chart provides emission trends for main pollutants in NFR 1.B. (click to enlarge): | + | | {{ : |
- | [[<image Overview_EM_1B.JPG size=" | + | | Carbon Monoxide |
+ | | | | | ||
+ | | {{ : | ||
+ | | SOx | ||
- | //Please refer to sub-categories for more details!.// | ||
- | ------ | + | **Sulphur Dioxide** emissions occur during the production of hard-coal coke. The value of the year 1990 is partly based on the GDR’s emission report, chapter “Produktion” (=production) which has no clear differentiation between mining, transformation and handling of coal. The total emission as reported in the emission report is allocated in the NFR categories 1.B.1 and 2. The split factor is based on estimation of experts. |
+ | The apparently steep decline from 2007 to 2008 is the result of a research project in 2010, where new emission factors were determined for coke production for the years 2008. | ||
+ | In sub-category 1.B.2, one main driver of shrinking SO2 emission is the decreasing amount of flared natural gas. The shrinking emissions are also attributed to the declining emissions from desulphurisation, | ||
- | ==== Recalculations ==== | + | **Particulate matter** emissions occur during the transformation of lignite and hard coal. The very steep decline of the emissions in the early 1990s is due to the shrinking production of lignite briquettes (almost 90% in the first five years). The value of the year 1990 is partly based on the GDR’s emission report, chapter “Produktion” (=production) which has no clear differentiation between mining, transformation and handling of lignite. The total emission as reported in the emission report is allocated in the NFR categories 1.B.1 and 2. The split factor is based on estimation of experts. |
+ | |||
+ | **NMVOC** emission occur during the production of hard-coal coke. The shrinking emissions are mainly attributed to the hard-coal coke production and the decommissioning of outdated plants. The main sources of NMVOC emissions from total petrol distribution (1.B.2.a.v) were fugitive emissions from handling and transfer (filling/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Carbon monoxide** emissions occur during the production of coke and charcoal. The rising emissions are mainly attributed to the increasing production of charcoal and coke. A trend-reversing issue was the decommissioning of outdated plants in the 1990s. Flaring in oil refineries is the main source for carbon monoxide emission in category 1.B.2. In the early 1990s, emissions from distribution of town gas were also taken into account in calculations. In 1990, the town-gas distribution network accounted for a total of 16 % of the entire gas network. Of that share, 15 % consisted of grey cast iron lines and 84 % consisted of steel and ductile cast iron lines. Since 1997 no town gas has been distributed in Germany' | ||
+ | ===== Recalculations | ||
Recalculations covering the past two years have been carried out as a result of the provisional nature of a number of statistics in this area. | Recalculations covering the past two years have been carried out as a result of the provisional nature of a number of statistics in this area. | ||
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+ | Furthermore, | ||
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+ | ^ **NMVOC** | ||
+ | | **2020 Submission** | ||
+ | | **2021 Submission** | ||
+ | | **Difference** | ||
<WRAP center round info 60%> | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
- | For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates reported for Base Year and 2015**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter [[[recalculations | 8.1 - Recalculations]]]. | + | For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates reported for Base Year and 2015**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general:recalculations:start|Chapter |
</ | </ | ||
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+ | ===== Improvements planned for future submissions ===== | ||
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+ | * emissions from storage of refinery products will be divided up to fuels (under 1.B) and chemical products (2.B) | ||
+ | * emission factors from natural gas transmission will be updated according to results of the UNEP OGMP 2.0 measurement programm (1.B.2.b.iv) | ||