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sector:ippu:metal_production:aluminum_production:start [2021/01/28 11:02] – reichelsector:ippu:metal_production:aluminum_production:start [2021/05/11 10:40] – [Table] 1 correction of trend for PAH reichel
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 ===== Short description ===== ===== Short description =====
  
-^  Method  ^  AD  ^  EF     ^  Key Category               ^ +^ Category Code  ^  Method                               ||||^  AD                            ||||^  EF                                                          ||||| 
-|  T2, T3  |  AS  |  D, CS  |  **L&T**: HCB / **T**: PAH  | +| 2.C.3          |  T2, T3                               |||||  AS                            |||||  D, CS                                                       ||||| 
 +^  Key Category  ^  SO₂     ^  NOₓ  ^  NH₃  ^  NMVOC  ^  CO  ^  BC  ^  Pb  ^  Hg  ^  Cd  ^  Diox  ^  PAH    ^  HCB                        ^  TSP  ^  PM₁₀  ^  PM₂ ₅  ^ 
 +| 2.C.3          |  -       |  -    |  -    |  -      |  -   |  -   |  -   |  -   |  -   |  -     |  -/T    |  L/T <sub>(till 2001)</sub> |  -    |  -     |  -      |
  
 The category //2.C.3 - Aluminium production// is sub-divided into primary aluminium and secondary aluminium production.  The category //2.C.3 - Aluminium production// is sub-divided into primary aluminium and secondary aluminium production. 
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 Secondary aluminium is produced in several different furnace types. According to different scrap qualities, the emissions are varying. Secondary aluminium is produced in several different furnace types. According to different scrap qualities, the emissions are varying.
-The use of hexachloroethane for degassing purposes in refining operations of secondary aluminium production has been prohibited by law in Germany since 2002 resulting in an omission of the source for HCB. But for the period 1990-2001 no data on national emissions of HCB in secondary aluminium industries is available. To overcome this data gap the default emission factor for HCB was used.+The use of hexachloroethane for degassing purposes in refining operations of secondary aluminium production has been prohibited by law in Germany since 2002 resulting in an omission of the source for HCB. But for the period 1990-2001 no data on national emissions of HCB in secondary aluminium industries is available. In order to be able to calculate HCB emissions the default emission factor for HCB was used.
  
  
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 The emission factors for SO<sub>2</sub> are calculated from the specific anode consumption. The anodes consist of petrol coke; this material has a specific sulphur concentrations of about 1.2 %, from which an SO<sub>2</sub> emission factor of 10.4 kg/t Al can be calculated.  The emission factors for SO<sub>2</sub> are calculated from the specific anode consumption. The anodes consist of petrol coke; this material has a specific sulphur concentrations of about 1.2 %, from which an SO<sub>2</sub> emission factor of 10.4 kg/t Al can be calculated. 
 The average anode consumption is 430 kg of petrol coke per tonne of aluminium. The average anode consumption is 430 kg of petrol coke per tonne of aluminium.
-For primary aluminium production NO<sub>x</sub> emissions were not yet incorporated in the inventory due to several reasons. But emissions will be below the threshold of significance due to the abatement applied in Germany.  
  
-The following table shows some process-related emission factors.+The following tables show some process-related emission factors.
  
-__Table 1: Emission factors applied__+__Table 1: Emission factors applied for anode production__
  
-^  pollutant  ^  Activity / Process ^  EF  ^  unit  ^  Trend ^ +^  pollutant  ^  Activity / Process  ^  EF  ^  unit  ^  Trend   ^ 
-| PAH | anode production | 300 | mg/t | constant | +| PAH         | anode production     | 300  | mg/t   | falling  | 
-||||||+ 
 +__Table 2: Emission factors applied for primary aluminium production__ 
 + 
 +^  pollutant  ^  Activity / Process  ^  EF  ^  unit  ^  Trend  ^
 | CO | primary aluminium | 180 | kg/t | constant | | CO | primary aluminium | 180 | kg/t | constant |
 | SO<sub>2</sub> | primary aluminium | 7.341 | kg/t | constant | | SO<sub>2</sub> | primary aluminium | 7.341 | kg/t | constant |
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 | PM<sub>2.5</sub> | primary aluminium | 0.581 | kg/t | falling | | PM<sub>2.5</sub> | primary aluminium | 0.581 | kg/t | falling |
 | Cd | primary aluminium | 0.15 | g/t | constant | | Cd | primary aluminium | 0.15 | g/t | constant |
-| Ni | primary aluminium | 0.162 | g/t ||+| Ni | primary aluminium | 0.162 | g/t | falling |
 | Zn | primary aluminium | 10 | g/t | constant | | Zn | primary aluminium | 10 | g/t | constant |
-|||||| +| NOx | primary aluminium | 1 | kg/t | constant |
-| TSP | resmelted aluminium | 0.055 | kg/t | constant | +
-| PM<sub>10</sub> | resmelted aluminium | 0.047 | kg/t | constant | +
-| PM<sub>2.5</sub> | resmelted aluminium | 0.03843 | kg/t| constant | +
-| Cd | resmelted aluminium | 7 | mg/t | constant | +
-| Cu | resmelted aluminium | 8.411 | mg/t |  | +
-| Hg | resmelted aluminium | 1.7 | mg/t | constant | +
-| Pb | resmelted aluminium | 4.452 | mg/t | +
-| Zn | resmelted aluminium | 4 | g/t | constant | +
-| HCB (years 1990-2001)| resmelted aluminium | 5 | g/t | constant | +
  
 +Nitrogen oxides essentially arise from the nitrogen content of the fuels in combustion processes and at temperatures above 1,000 ° C also from air nitrogen. Another source of NO<sub>x</sub> is the electrolysis in primary aluminium production due to the presence of nitrogen in the anode, which can be oxidized to NO<sub>x</sub>. All these emission sources resulting from energy related processes are included in 1.A.2.b. If other sources of NO<sub>x</sub> have quantitative effects is not known. In order not to miss process related NO<sub>x</sub> emissions the standard emission factor is also used. Germany is following recommendations provided by the Expert Review Team for the NECD Review 2017.
 +
 +__Table 3: Emission factors applied for secondary aluminium production__
 +
 +^  pollutant             ^  Activity / Process  ^  EF      ^  unit  ^  Trend    ^
 +| TSP                    | resmelted aluminium  | 0.055    | kg/t   | constant  |
 +| PM<sub>10</sub>        | resmelted aluminium  | 0.047    | kg/t   | constant  |
 +| PM<sub>2.5</sub>       | resmelted aluminium  | 0.03843  | kg/t   | constant  |
 +| Cd                     | resmelted aluminium  | 7        | mg/t   | constant  |
 +| Cu                     | resmelted aluminium  | 8.411    | mg/t   | constant  |
 +| Hg                     | resmelted aluminium  | 1.7      | mg/t   | constant  |
 +| Pb                     | resmelted aluminium  | 4.452    | mg/t   | constant  |
 +| Zn                     | resmelted aluminium  | 4        | g/t    | constant  |
 +| HCB (years 1990-2001)  | resmelted aluminium  | 5        | g/t    | constant  |
  
 ===== Recalculations ===== ===== Recalculations =====
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 ===== Planned improvements ===== ===== Planned improvements =====
  
-Nitrogen oxides essentially arise from the nitrogen content of the fuels in combustion processes and at temperatures above 1,000 ° C also from air nitrogen. Another source of NO<sub>x</sub> is the electrolysis in primary aluminium production due to the presence of nitrogen in the anode, which can be oxidized to NO<sub>x</sub>. All these emission sources resulting from energy related processes are included in 1.A.2.b.  +No improvements are planned.
- +
-Therefore, all NO<sub>x</sub> emissions will be reported there. If other sources of NO<sub>x</sub> have quantitative effects is not known. The inventory compiler will try to get reliable information from the relevant industry association.+
  
 ===== Bibliography ===== ===== Bibliography =====
  
 ** Lit. 1:**  German association for non-ferrous metals (WirtschaftsVereinigung Metalle): Annual statistical report: https://www.wvmetalle.de \\ ** Lit. 1:**  German association for non-ferrous metals (WirtschaftsVereinigung Metalle): Annual statistical report: https://www.wvmetalle.de \\
-** Lit. 2:** +** Lit. 2:** EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, Copenhagen, 2019. https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/2-industrial-processes/2-c-metal-production/2-c-3-aluminium-production/view \\
 ** Lit. 3:** Ökopol, IER, IZT, IfG: Bereitstellung einer qualitätsgesicherten Datengrundlage für die Emissionsberichterstattung zur Umsetzung von internationalen Luftreinhalte- und Klimaschutzvereinbarungen für ausgewählte Industriebranchen Teilvorhaben 2: NE-Metallindustrie, Kalkindustrie, Gießereien. \\ ** Lit. 3:** Ökopol, IER, IZT, IfG: Bereitstellung einer qualitätsgesicherten Datengrundlage für die Emissionsberichterstattung zur Umsetzung von internationalen Luftreinhalte- und Klimaschutzvereinbarungen für ausgewählte Industriebranchen Teilvorhaben 2: NE-Metallindustrie, Kalkindustrie, Gießereien. \\
-** Lit. 4:**