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sector:ippu:metal_production:ferroalloys_production:start [2021/03/22 15:28] – [Recalculations] reichelsector:ippu:metal_production:ferroalloys_production:start [2021/06/01 18:41] – section short description deletion of text and section activity data data sources before 1994 integrated reichel
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 Source category //Ferroalloys Production// is of minor significance and not a key source. Source category //Ferroalloys Production// is of minor significance and not a key source.
  
-Ferroalloys are  nonferrous metal aggregates that are alloying agents for the steel production. Germany has five producers of ferrochrome, silicon metal and ferrosilicon; these materials are used as alloying agents in stainless-steel production. Activity data can be obtained from the national official statistics for 2001 to 2006 and from the British Geological Survey (BGS) for 1990 to 2007 - with the latter being almost 50% higher. Due to consistency of time series, available data from the BGS are used for the whole period 1990 - 2015. In addition, the only process in use in Germany since 1995 is the electric arc process, a process that releases only small amounts of process-related emissions, with such releases occurring in electrode consumption. Until 1995, the blast-furnace process, which produces relatively higher emissions, was used to some extent.+Ferroalloys are nonferrous metal aggregates that are alloying agents for the steel production. Germany has five producers of ferrochrome, silicon metal and ferrosilicon; these materials are used as alloying agents in stainless-steel production. The only process in use in Germany since 1995 is the electric arc process, a process that releases only small amounts of process-related emissions, with such releases occurring in electrode consumption. Until 1995, the blast-furnace process, which produces relatively higher emissions, was used to some extent.
  
 ===== Method ===== ===== Method =====
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 === Activity data === === Activity data ===
  
-An activity rate figure of 53,258 t has been used for the year 2019 (adjusted value of 2018 statistical data), a recalculation will be made when updated statistical data are available in General every two years.+The activity data for the years 1990 through 1994 have been taken from official production statistics of the Federal Statistical Öffice. Since 1995, data of the British Geological Survey (Brown et al., 2019) have been used instead, because the official production statistics no longer contain usable data for this context. 
 +The currently available activity data are from 2018, and they have been carried forward into 2019.An activity rate figure of 53,258 t has been used for the year 2019 (adjusted value of 2018 statistical data), a recalculation will be made when updated statistical data are available in General every two years.
  
 === Emission factors === === Emission factors ===
  
 The emission factor for TSP (0.1 kg/t for the current year and back to 1998) and the splitting factors for PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> are determined in a research project (UBA, 2007)<sup>**[[#Bibliography| [Lit. 1]]]**</sup>.  The emission factor for TSP (0.1 kg/t for the current year and back to 1998) and the splitting factors for PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> are determined in a research project (UBA, 2007)<sup>**[[#Bibliography| [Lit. 1]]]**</sup>. 
- 
 There were higher but decreasing EF for the period 1990 -1997 due to the technology change. There were higher but decreasing EF for the period 1990 -1997 due to the technology change.
  
-=== Uncertainties === 
  
 ===== Recalculations ===== ===== Recalculations =====
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 **Lit.  1:** UBA, 2007: Jörß, Wolfram; Handke, Volker; Lambrecht, Udo and Dünnebeil, Frank (2007): Emissionen und Maßnahmenanalyse Feinstaub 2000 – 2020. UBA-TEXTE Nr. 38/2007. Dessau-Roßlau: Umweltbundesamt. URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/emissionen-massnahmenanalyse-feinstaub-2000-2020. \\  **Lit.  1:** UBA, 2007: Jörß, Wolfram; Handke, Volker; Lambrecht, Udo and Dünnebeil, Frank (2007): Emissionen und Maßnahmenanalyse Feinstaub 2000 – 2020. UBA-TEXTE Nr. 38/2007. Dessau-Roßlau: Umweltbundesamt. URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/emissionen-massnahmenanalyse-feinstaub-2000-2020. \\ 
  
 +**Lit.  2:** BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, WORLD MINERAL PRODUCTION; https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/mineralsUK/statistics/worldStatistics.html