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sector:ippu:other_solvent_and_product_use:other_solvent_use:start [2021/01/26 10:02] – kotzulla | sector:ippu:other_solvent_and_product_use:other_solvent_use:start [2022/10/17 12:53] (current) – Fix link tarakji | ||
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In source category //2.D.3.i - Other Solvent Use//, emissions from various product groups and processes and also from lubricants use in stationary and mobile applications are reported. Relevant pollutants are NMVOC and some heavy metals. | In source category //2.D.3.i - Other Solvent Use//, emissions from various product groups and processes and also from lubricants use in stationary and mobile applications are reported. Relevant pollutants are NMVOC and some heavy metals. | ||
- | __Table 1: Overview of emission sources covered__ | + | ^ Category Code ^ Pollutants |
- | ^ | + | | [[#Other solvent use|2.D.3.i - Other solvent use]] | NMVOC ||| T2 |||| NS |||| CS |||| |
- | | [[#Other solvent use|Other solvent use]] | NMVOC | T2 | NS | + | | [[#Use of lubricants in stationary applications|2.D.3.i - Use of lubricants in stationary applications]] |
- | | [[#Use of lubricants in stationary applications|Use of lubricants in stationary applications]] | + | | [[#Use of lubricants in mobile applications|2.D.3.i - Use of lubricants in mobile applications]] |
- | | [[#Use of lubricants in mobile applications|Use of lubricants in mobile applications]] | + | ^ Key Category |
+ | | 2.D.3.i | ||
+ | | ||
+ | \\ | ||
{{page> | {{page> | ||
\\ | \\ | ||
- | ====== 2.D.3.i - Other solvent use ====== | + | ===== 2.D.3.i - Other solvent use ===== |
- | ===== Methodology ===== | + | ==== Method |
In sub-category //2.D.3.i - Other product use: Other solvent use// the following product groups and processes are taken into consideration: | In sub-category //2.D.3.i - Other product use: Other solvent use// the following product groups and processes are taken into consideration: | ||
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* Applications in scientific laboratories (R&D; analyses; universities) | * Applications in scientific laboratories (R&D; analyses; universities) | ||
- | == General procedure == | + | === General procedure |
+ | NMVOC emissions are calculated in keeping with a product-consumption-oriented approach. In this approach, solvent-based products or solvents are allocated to the source category, and then the relevant NMVOC emissions are calculated from those solvent quantities via specific emission factors. Thus, the use of this method is possible with the following valid input figures for each product group: | ||
+ | * Quantities of VOC-containing (pre-) products and agents used in the report year, | ||
+ | * The VOC concentrations in these products (substances and preparations), | ||
+ | * The relevant application and emission conditions (or the resulting specific emission factor). | ||
+ | The quantity of the solvent-based (pre-)product corresponds to the domestic consumption which is the sum of domestic production plus import minus export. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ^ VOC Emission = domestic consumption of a certain product * solvent content * specific emission factor | ||
+ | |||
+ | The calculated NMVOC emissions of different product groups for a source category are then aggregated. | ||
+ | The product / substance quantities used are determined at the product-group level with the help of production and foreign-trade statistics. Where possible, the so-determined domestic-consumption quantities are then further verified via cross-checking with industry statistics. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Discussion of emission trends ==== | ||
+ | === General information === | ||
+ | Since 1990, so the data, NMVOC emissions from use of solvents and solvent-containing products in general have decreased by nearly 38%. The main emissions reductions have been achieved in the years since 1999. This successful reduction has occurred especially because of regulatory provisions such as the 31st Ordinance on the execution of the Federal Immissions Control Act (Ordinance on the limitation of emissions of volatile organic compounds due to the use of organic solvents in certain facilities – 31. BImSchV), the 2nd such ordinance (Ordinance on the limitation of emissions of highly volatile halogenated organic compounds – 2. BImSchV) and the TA Luft. | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Specific information === | ||
+ | Until 1999, data of the present source categories 2.D.3.a, 2.D.3.h and 2.D.3.i were treated as one source group. Since 2000, a more detailed data collection enables to follow the development of source group 2.D.3.i, which accounts for about 1/5 to 1/4 of total NMVOC emissions from solvent-based products. Compared to 2005, emissions went down mainly due to a clearly reduced consumption of concrete additives. | ||
+ | |||
+ | A decrease in the NMVOC emissions of Category 2.D.3.i can be observed since 2005. The following product groups cause major emissions in category 2.D.3.i: | ||
+ | * Concrete additives, | ||
+ | * Underseal treatment and conservation of vehicles, | ||
+ | * Application of glues and additives, | ||
+ | * Deicing and | ||
+ | * Fat, edible and non-edible oil extraction | ||
+ | |||
+ | These six activities comprise together 88 – 93% of total emissions of 2.D.3.i depending on the considered years. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Uncertainties ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Uncertainties for emissions for each technology / application were obtained by error propagation and refer to the 95% confidence interval. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Domestic Consumption: | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Solvent content:** For each application / product, a relative error at ±15% was applied (exception: lubricants at 25%), but not exceeding 100% or falling below 0%. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Emission factors:** A relative error at ±15% was applied, but not exceeding 100% or falling below 0%. Exceptions were de-icing applications, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Hence, the overall uncertainty of emissions caused by application of products of this source group is between 40% and 60%. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Recalculations ==== | ||
+ | There are no recalculations. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
+ | For pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | ==== Planned improvements ==== | ||
+ | No category-specific improvements are planned. | ||
------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ||
- | ====== Use of lubricants in stationary applications | + | ===== Use of lubricants in stationary applications ===== |
- | ===== Methodology ===== | + | ==== Method |
Sub-category //2.D.3.i - Other product use: Use of lubricants in stationary applications// | Sub-category //2.D.3.i - Other product use: Use of lubricants in stationary applications// | ||
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- | ==== Activity data ==== | + | === Activity data === |
The emissions calculation method follows a Tier-2 approach. It uses national statistical data < | The emissions calculation method follows a Tier-2 approach. It uses national statistical data < | ||
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The consumption of lubricants in Germany has remained at a relatively constant level since 1990, apart from a sharp decrease in 2009 that was related to the overall economic situation. | The consumption of lubricants in Germany has remained at a relatively constant level since 1990, apart from a sharp decrease in 2009 that was related to the overall economic situation. | ||
- | ==== Emission factors | + | === Emission factors === |
Along the life cycle of the different lubricant types, different kinds of losses occur. Only some types of losses are of relevance with regard to air emissions and the different lubricants types differ significantly from each other. Relevant emitted pollutants identified for lubricants are NMVOC and CO< | Along the life cycle of the different lubricant types, different kinds of losses occur. Only some types of losses are of relevance with regard to air emissions and the different lubricants types differ significantly from each other. Relevant emitted pollutants identified for lubricants are NMVOC and CO< | ||
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- | ===== Uncertainties | + | ==== Uncertainties ==== |
For activity data, an uncertainty of 5 percent is assumed considering the well developed national statistics. | For activity data, an uncertainty of 5 percent is assumed considering the well developed national statistics. | ||
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- | ===== Recalculations | + | ==== Recalculations ==== |
- | No recalculation. | + | Recalculation of NMVOC emissions in the year 2011 due to correction of emission factor (wrong decimal point). |
- | + | <WRAP center round info 60%> | |
- | ===== Planned improvements | + | For more information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general: |
+ | </ | ||
+ | ==== Planned improvements ==== | ||
No category-specific improvements are planned. | No category-specific improvements are planned. | ||
- | ===== Bibliography | + | ==== Bibliography ==== |
**Lit. | **Lit. | ||
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**Lit. | **Lit. | ||
**Lit. | **Lit. | ||
- | **Lit. | + | **Lit. |
**Lit. | **Lit. | ||
**Lit. 10:** Möller, U. J. Altölentsorgung durch Verwertung und Beseitigung; | **Lit. 10:** Möller, U. J. Altölentsorgung durch Verwertung und Beseitigung; | ||
**Lit. 11:** Bartz, W. J.; Springer, G.; Blanke, H.-J. Expert Praxislexikon Tribologie Plus: 2010 Begriffe für Studium und Beruf, 2., völlig neubearb. Aufl. des Lexikons der Schmierungstechnik von G. Vögtle; Expert Verlag: Renningen, 2000.) \\ | **Lit. 11:** Bartz, W. J.; Springer, G.; Blanke, H.-J. Expert Praxislexikon Tribologie Plus: 2010 Begriffe für Studium und Beruf, 2., völlig neubearb. Aufl. des Lexikons der Schmierungstechnik von G. Vögtle; Expert Verlag: Renningen, 2000.) \\ | ||
- | **Lit. 12:** VSI. Grundöle; | + | **Lit. 12:** VSI. Grundöle; |
**Lit. 13:** Kolshorn, K.-U.; Wiesert, P.; Götz, R.; Rippen, G. Ermittlung von Altölvermeidungspotentialen: | **Lit. 13:** Kolshorn, K.-U.; Wiesert, P.; Götz, R.; Rippen, G. Ermittlung von Altölvermeidungspotentialen: | ||
**Lit. 14:** UBA, 2018: Zimmermann, T.; Jepsen, D. (2018) Entwicklung von Methoden zur Berechnung von Treibhausgas- und Luftschadstoffemissionen aus der Verwendung von Schmierstoffen und Wachsen.) \\ | **Lit. 14:** UBA, 2018: Zimmermann, T.; Jepsen, D. (2018) Entwicklung von Methoden zur Berechnung von Treibhausgas- und Luftschadstoffemissionen aus der Verwendung von Schmierstoffen und Wachsen.) \\ | ||
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In sub-category //2.D.3.i - Other product use: Use of lubricants in mobile applications//, | In sub-category //2.D.3.i - Other product use: Use of lubricants in mobile applications//, | ||
- | In contrast, | + | As emissions from the use of lubricants |
+ | |||
+ | Therefore, the approaches for estimating emissions from these two areas of lubricant application | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Methodology ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Activity data==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Basically, the amounts of lubricants unintentionally co-incinerated in engines other than 2-strokes is estimated from the annual amounts of fuels used in these engines, excluding the amounts of fuels used for international aviation and navigation. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Here, the majority of lubricant co-incineration takes place in road vehicles. These related amounts of co-incinerated lubricants are calculated directly within TREMOD | ||
+ | |||
+ | __Table 1: Annual amounts | ||
+ | ^ 1990 | ||
+ | | 1,415 | 1,606 | 1,710 | 1,747 | 1,755 | 1,769 | 1,762 | 1,776 | 1,791 | 1,824 | 1,822 | 1,838 | 1,877 | 1,915 | 1,956 | 1,980 | 1,759 | 1,769 | | ||
+ | |||
+ | source: own estimations and TREMOD [(KNOERR2020a)] | ||
+ | |||
+ | The **emission factors** are derived from chapter //1.A.3.b.i-iv Road transport 2019//, Table 3-80 of the EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019 [(EMEPEEA2019)]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | These default EF in [ppm HM /wt lubricant] have been transferred into [g HM/kg lubricant] via a NCV of 0.03985 GJ/kg into the following values: | ||
+ | |||
+ | __Table 2: tier1 emission factors for heavy-metal emissions from co-incinerated | ||
+ | ^ **As** | ||
+ | | 0.00 | 114 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Discussion of emission trends ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | With default emission factors applied, emissions' | ||
+ | |||
+ | __Table 3: Annual heavy-metal emissions from co-incinerated lubricants, in metric tonnes__ | ||
+ | | ^ 1990 ^ 1995 ^ 2000 ^ 2005 ^ 2006 ^ 2007 ^ 2008 ^ 2009 ^ 2010 ^ 2011 ^ 2012 ^ 2013 ^ 2014 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ | ||
+ | ^ As | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | | ||
+ | ^ Cd | 0,16 | 0,18 | 0,20 | 0,20 | 0,20 | 0,20 | 0,20 | 0,20 | 0,20 | 0,21 | 0,21 | 0,21 | 0,21 | 0,22 | 0,22 | 0,23 | 0,20 | 0,20 | | ||
+ | ^ Cr | 0,68 | 0,77 | 0,82 | 0,84 | 0,85 | 0,85 | 0,85 | 0,86 | 0,86 | 0,88 | 0,88 | 0,89 | 0,90 | 0,92 | 0,94 | 0,95 | 0,85 | 0,85 | | ||
+ | ^ Cu | 27,62 | 31,35 | 33,38 | 34,10 | 34,26 | 34,53 | 34,41 | 34,68 | 34,97 | 35,61 | 35,57 | 35,89 | 36,65 | 37,38 | 38,19 | 38,66 | 34,34 | 34,54 | | ||
+ | ^ Hg | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | | ||
+ | ^ Ni | 1,13 | 1,28 | 1,37 | 1,40 | 1,40 | 1,42 | 1,41 | 1,42 | 1,43 | 1,46 | 1,46 | 1,47 | 1,50 | 1,53 | 1,57 | 1,58 | 1,41 | 1,42 | | ||
+ | ^ Pb | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | 0,00 | | ||
+ | ^ Se | 0,16 | 0,18 | 0,19 | 0,20 | 0,20 | 0,20 | 0,20 | 0,20 | 0,20 | 0,21 | 0,21 | 0,21 | 0,21 | 0,22 | 0,22 | 0,23 | 0,20 | 0,20 | | ||
+ | ^ Zn | 15,98 | 18,14 | 19,32 | 19,73 | 19,83 | 19,98 | 19,91 | 20,07 | 20,24 | 20,61 | 20,59 | 20,77 | 21,21 | 21,63 | 22,10 | 22,37 | 19,87 | 19,99 | | ||
+ | ===== Recalculations===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Activity data** (annual amounts of unintentionally co-incinerated lubricants) have been revised slightly for the entire time series. | ||
+ | Here, for 2018 only, larger changes occur due to the finalisation of this year's National Energy Balance. | ||
+ | |||
+ | __Table: Revised annual amounts of unintentionally co-incinerated lubricants, in terajoules__ | ||
+ | | ^ 1990 | ||
+ | ^ Submission 2021 | 1,413 | 1,611 | 1,723 | 1,754 | 1,767 | 1,789 | 1,780 | 1,789 | 1,802 | 1,831 | 1,831 | 1,847 | 1,887 | 1,922 | 1,945 | 1,974 | 1,973 | | ||
+ | ^ Submission 2020 | 1,413 | 1,611 | 1,722 | 1,751 | 1,760 | 1,782 | 1,776 | 1,788 | 1,802 | 1,832 | 1,831 | 1,848 | 1,881 | 1,914 | 1,947 | 1,968 | 1,974 | | ||
+ | ^ absolute change | ||
+ | ^ relative change | ||
+ | |||
+ | On the other hand, the tier1 **emission factors** applied so far, remain unrevised compared to last year's submission. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Therefore, the canges in the **emission estimates** reported for this sub-category result solely from the named revisions in activity data. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
+ | For more information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Planned improvements ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Although there are no improvements planned for this specific sub-category, | ||
+ | [(KNOERR2020a> | ||
+ | [(EMEPEEA2019> |