meta data for this page
  •  

Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

Link to this comparison view

Both sides previous revisionPrevious revision
Next revision		Previous revision
sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:manufacture_of_solid_fuels_and_other_energy_industries [2023/03/17 12:41] – [Table] kotzullasector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:manufacture_of_solid_fuels_and_other_energy_industries [2023/04/27 09:04] (current) – [Priority Heavy Metal - Hg & Cd] kludt
Line 21: Line 21:
 ==== Activity data ==== ==== Activity data ====
  
-Fuel inputs for electricity production in power plants of the hard-coal and lignite mining sector are listed in Energy Balance line 12 "Industrial thermal power stations". Fuel inputs for heat production in the transformation sector are listed in Energy Balance lines 33-39 (AGEB, 2021) [(Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen, 2021: National energy balance and Satellite balance for renewable energy: https://ag-energiebilanzen.de/en/data-and-facts/energy-balance-2000-to-2019/)].+Fuel inputs for electricity production in power plants of the hard-coal and lignite mining sector are listed in Energy Balance line 12 "Industrial thermal power stations". Fuel inputs for heat production in the transformation sector are listed in Energy Balance lines 33-39 [(AGEB2022> AGEB, 2022: National energy balance and Satellite balance for renewable energy:  https://ag-energiebilanzen.de/en/data-and-facts/energy-balance-2000-to-2030/ )].
  
 Fuel inputs for electricity production in power stations of the hard-coal mining sector are determined with the help of figures of the Federal Statistical Office (DESTATIS). The activity rates for heat production in power stations of the hard-coal mining sector correspond to energy Balance line 34 "Energy input in pit and briquette plants of the hard-coal mining sector". Fuel inputs for electricity production in power stations of the hard-coal mining sector are determined with the help of figures of the Federal Statistical Office (DESTATIS). The activity rates for heat production in power stations of the hard-coal mining sector correspond to energy Balance line 34 "Energy input in pit and briquette plants of the hard-coal mining sector".
Line 47: Line 47:
 Emission factors of sewage sludge refer to mono-incineration, using fluidized-bed combustion. Emission factors of coke oven gas does not include underfiring systems of coking plants. The determination of emission factors of coking plants is described in the study: "Emissionsfaktoren zur Eisen und Stahlindustrie für die Emissionsberichterstattung" (VDEh, 2010) [(Emissionsfaktoren zur Eisen- und Stahlindustrie für die Emissionsberichterstattung; Michael Hensmann, Sebastian Haardt, Dominik Ebert (VDEh-Betriebsforschungsinstitut GmbH, Düsseldorf, Juli 2010), FKZ: 3707 42 301/01 und 3707 41 111/2; https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/emissionsfaktoren-zur-eisen-stahlindustrie-fuer)]. Emission factors refer to the produced amount of coke, distinction is drawn between diffuse and channelled sources. The following graph gives an overview of the methodology: Emission factors of sewage sludge refer to mono-incineration, using fluidized-bed combustion. Emission factors of coke oven gas does not include underfiring systems of coking plants. The determination of emission factors of coking plants is described in the study: "Emissionsfaktoren zur Eisen und Stahlindustrie für die Emissionsberichterstattung" (VDEh, 2010) [(Emissionsfaktoren zur Eisen- und Stahlindustrie für die Emissionsberichterstattung; Michael Hensmann, Sebastian Haardt, Dominik Ebert (VDEh-Betriebsforschungsinstitut GmbH, Düsseldorf, Juli 2010), FKZ: 3707 42 301/01 und 3707 41 111/2; https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/emissionsfaktoren-zur-eisen-stahlindustrie-fuer)]. Emission factors refer to the produced amount of coke, distinction is drawn between diffuse and channelled sources. The following graph gives an overview of the methodology:
  
-{{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:cokery.png?nolink&1000  |    }}+{{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:cokery.png?nolink&700  |    }}
  
 __Table 2: emission factors for coking plants (solely channelled sources)__ __Table 2: emission factors for coking plants (solely channelled sources)__
Line 60: Line 60:
 ==== Sulfur Oxides - SOx ==== ==== Sulfur Oxides - SOx ====
  
-{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1c_em_sox.png?400|Annual SO2 emissions from stationary plants in 1.A.1.c}} +{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1c_em_sox.png?700|Annual SO2 emissions from stationary plants in 1.A.1.c}} 
-{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1c_em_sox_2000.png?400|Annual SO2 emissions from stationary plants in 1.A.1.c, details 2000-2019}}+{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1c_em_sox_2000.png?700|Annual SO2 emissions from stationary plants in 1.A.1.c, details 2000-2019}}
  
 The graph shows sharp declining SO<sub>x</sub> emissions between 1990 and 1995 due to decreasing lignite consumption as well as the implementation of stricter regulations in eastern Germany. In the former GDR lignite industry was of prime importance for the economy. After the reunification lignite briquette production in eastern Germany collapsed. The remaining factories had to install flue gas desulphurisation plants. The graph shows sharp declining SO<sub>x</sub> emissions between 1990 and 1995 due to decreasing lignite consumption as well as the implementation of stricter regulations in eastern Germany. In the former GDR lignite industry was of prime importance for the economy. After the reunification lignite briquette production in eastern Germany collapsed. The remaining factories had to install flue gas desulphurisation plants.
Line 67: Line 67:
  
 ==== Nitrogen Oxides - NOx ==== ==== Nitrogen Oxides - NOx ====
-{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1c_em_nox.png?400|Annual NOx emissions from stationary plants in 1.A.1.c}}+{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1c_em_nox.png?700|Annual NOx emissions from stationary plants in 1.A.1.c}}
  
 NO<sub>X</sub> emissions decrease gradually from 1990 to 2001. The main reasons are the minor fuel use of lignite and of hard coal in this sector and the adaptation of regulations in eastern Germany to the western standard. Besides German hard coal production decreased considerably since 1990. Therefore some hard coal fired industrial power plants changed from sector 1.A.1.c to the public sector. This is also the reason for the significant emission reduction in 2012. NO<sub>X</sub> emissions decrease gradually from 1990 to 2001. The main reasons are the minor fuel use of lignite and of hard coal in this sector and the adaptation of regulations in eastern Germany to the western standard. Besides German hard coal production decreased considerably since 1990. Therefore some hard coal fired industrial power plants changed from sector 1.A.1.c to the public sector. This is also the reason for the significant emission reduction in 2012.
  
-==== Total Suspended Matter - TSP & PM2.5==== +==== Total Suspended Matter - TSP, PM10 & PM2.5==== 
-{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1c_em_tsp.png?400|Annual TSP emissions from stationary plants in 1.A.1.c}} +{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1c_em_tsp.png?700|Annual TSP emissions from stationary plants in 1.A.1.c}} 
-{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1c_em_tsp_2000.png?400|Annual TSP emissions from stationary plants in 1.A.1.c, details 2000-2019}} +{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1c_em_tsp_2000.png?700|Annual TSP emissions from stationary plants in 1.A.1.c, details 2000-2019}} 
-{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1c_em_pm10.png?400|Annual PM10 emissions from stationary plants in 1.A.1.c}}+{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1c_em_pm10.png?700|Annual PM10 emissions from stationary plants in 1.A.1.c}} 
 +{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1c_em_pm2.5.png?700|Annual PM2.5 emissions from stationary plants in 1.A.1.c}}
  
-==== Priority Heavy Metal - Hg & Cd ==== +==== Priority Heavy Metal - Hg, Pb & Cd ==== 
-{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1c_em_pb.png?400|Annual Pb emissions from stationary plants in 1.A.1.c}} +{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1c_em_hg.png?700|Annual Hg emissions from stationary plants in 1.A.1.c}} 
-{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1c_em_hg.png?400|Annual hg emissions from stationary plants in 1.A.1.c}} +{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1c_em_pb.png?700|Annual Pb emissions from stationary plants in 1.A.1.c}} 
-{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1c_em_cd.png?400|Annual Cd emissions from stationary plants in 1.A.1.c}}+{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1c_em_cd.png?700|Annual Cd emissions from stationary plants in 1.A.1.c}}
  
 Similar to SO<sub>x</sub> emissions, TSP and Priority Heavy Metal emission trends show a high dominance of emissions from lignite combustion. Like already discussed for other pollutant, the main reason for sharp declining emissions in this sector is the complete restructuring of the east German lignite industry. The low standard of dust abatement in eastern Germany in the early 1990s involved high heavy metal emissions too. The closing of briquette factories and the implementation of stricter regulations resulted in a considerably improvement of the air quality especially in the New German Länder. Similar to SO<sub>x</sub> emissions, TSP and Priority Heavy Metal emission trends show a high dominance of emissions from lignite combustion. Like already discussed for other pollutant, the main reason for sharp declining emissions in this sector is the complete restructuring of the east German lignite industry. The low standard of dust abatement in eastern Germany in the early 1990s involved high heavy metal emissions too. The closing of briquette factories and the implementation of stricter regulations resulted in a considerably improvement of the air quality especially in the New German Länder.