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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:public_electricity_and_heat_production [2023/03/17 12:41] – [Table] kotzulla | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:public_electricity_and_heat_production [2023/04/27 08:30] (current) – [Priority Heavy metal - Hg & Cd] kludt | ||
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===== Methodology ===== | ===== Methodology ===== | ||
- | A method amounting to Tier 2 is used for emission reporting. This means the use of country-specific data at a more detailed level. Emission factors and activity data are available for different fuel types, different technologies, | + | A method amounting to Tier 2 is used for emission reporting. This means the use of country-specific data at a more detailed level. Emission factors and activity data are available for different fuel types, different technologies, |
==== Activity data ==== | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
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=== Conventional fuels === | === Conventional fuels === | ||
- | The key source of all conventional fuels is the National Energy Balance (NEB) [(AGEB, | + | The key source of all conventional fuels is the National Energy Balance (NEB) [(AGEB2022> |
Above-mentioned data provided by the NEB are summarised fuel consumption data. To get technical details which are needed for calculating emissions, additional statistical data are used. | Above-mentioned data provided by the NEB are summarised fuel consumption data. To get technical details which are needed for calculating emissions, additional statistical data are used. | ||
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In 2018 and 2019 SO< | In 2018 and 2019 SO< | ||
- | Heavy metal emission factors are mainly the result of a comprehensive study of PRTR data, which provide information about emissions and the quality (measurement/ | + | Heavy metal emission factors are mainly the result of a comprehensive study of PRTR data, which provide information about emissions and the quality (measurement/ |
HCB emission factors of hard coal were taken from the EMEP EEA Guidebook 2009. Black carbon emission factors for all fuels are given by the EMEP EEA Guidebook 2019. | HCB emission factors of hard coal were taken from the EMEP EEA Guidebook 2009. Black carbon emission factors for all fuels are given by the EMEP EEA Guidebook 2019. | ||
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==== Fuel Consumption ==== | ==== Fuel Consumption ==== | ||
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- | The first graph shows that the total energy consumption of fossil fuels for public electricity and heat consumption didn't change very much since 1990. The main reasons are the rising electricity demand and a great number of industrial power plants whose emissions are now reported in source category 1.A.1.a. From 1990 to the present time, a slight fuel switch from coal to natural gas was observed. In 2009 fuel consumption of all fossil fuels decreased remarkably as a result of the economic crisis. The economic recovery in 2010 led to an increasing fuel consumption because of the increasing electricity demand. From 2003 biomass consumption rises considerably due to the government | + | The first graph shows that the total energy consumption of fossil fuels for public electricity and heat consumption didn't change very much since 1990. The main reasons are the rising electricity demand and a great number of industrial power plants whose emissions are now reported in source category 1.A.1.a. From 1990 to the present time, a slight fuel switch from coal to natural gas was observed. In 2009 fuel consumption of all fossil fuels decreased remarkably as a result of the economic crisis. The economic recovery in 2010 led to an increasing fuel consumption because of the increasing electricity demand. From 2003 biomass consumption rises considerably due to the legislative |
==== Sulfur Oxides - SOx ==== | ==== Sulfur Oxides - SOx ==== | ||
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SO< | SO< | ||
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Nitrogen oxides emissions decreases due to declining lignite consumption in the early 1990s and due to NO< | Nitrogen oxides emissions decreases due to declining lignite consumption in the early 1990s and due to NO< | ||
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Similar to SO< | Similar to SO< | ||
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- | ==== Priority Heavy metal - Hg & Cd ==== | + | ==== Priority Heavy metal - Hg, Pb & Cd ==== |
Emission trends of all priority heavy metals are mostly influenced by the emissions from lignite use. The reasons of the declining emissions are on the one hand the decreasing lignite consumption and on the other hand the implementation of stricter regulations in eastern Germany. Due to the fact, that heavy metal emission factors for waste incineration plants are constant, emission trends solely depend on coal consumption. In reality emission trends of all heavy metals would be more influenced by the emissions from waste fuels, since the emission factors for waste incineration plants in 1990 are expected to be high. In recent years emissions from Biomass combustion gain more and more influence on the trend. | Emission trends of all priority heavy metals are mostly influenced by the emissions from lignite use. The reasons of the declining emissions are on the one hand the decreasing lignite consumption and on the other hand the implementation of stricter regulations in eastern Germany. Due to the fact, that heavy metal emission factors for waste incineration plants are constant, emission trends solely depend on coal consumption. In reality emission trends of all heavy metals would be more influenced by the emissions from waste fuels, since the emission factors for waste incineration plants in 1990 are expected to be high. In recent years emissions from Biomass combustion gain more and more influence on the trend. | ||
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Main driver of the dioxin emission trend is by far waste incineration with high specific emissions in the early 90s and considerably decreasing emissions due to stricter regulations in Germany. In recent years emissions remain stable at a very low level. | Main driver of the dioxin emission trend is by far waste incineration with high specific emissions in the early 90s and considerably decreasing emissions due to stricter regulations in Germany. In recent years emissions remain stable at a very low level. | ||
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New POPs emission factors are available for waste incineration plants for 2015. Before the implementation of these values, a trend discussion with the experts is necessary. | New POPs emission factors are available for waste incineration plants for 2015. Before the implementation of these values, a trend discussion with the experts is necessary. | ||
The new PCB emission factors cannot be used at the moment since it would destroy the current inventory structure. Key source analyses wouldn' | The new PCB emission factors cannot be used at the moment since it would destroy the current inventory structure. Key source analyses wouldn' | ||
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