meta data for this page
Book Creator
 Add this page to your book
Book Creator
 Remove this page from your book  

 Manage book(0 page(s))
 Help

1.A.4.c ii (b) - Off-road Vehicles and other Machinery: Forestry

Short description

Under sub-category 1.A.4.c ii (b) fuel combustion activities and resulting emissions from off-road vehicles and mobile machinery used in forestry are reported.

NFR-Code Source category Method AD EF Key Category Analysis
1.A.4.c ii (b) Off-road Vehicles and Other Machinery: Forestry T1, T2 NS, M CS, D, M see superordinate chapter

Methodology

Activity data

Primary activity data (PAD) are taken from National Energy Balances (NEBs) line 67: 'Commercial, trade, services and other consumers' (AGEB, 2022) 1).

Following the deduction of energy inputs for military vehicles as provided in (BAFA, 2022) 2), the remaining amounts of gasoline and diesel oil are apportioned onto off-road construction vehicles (NFR 1.A.2.g vii) and off-road vehicles in commercial/institutional use (1.A.4. ii) as well as agriculture and forestry (NFR 1.A.4.c ii) based upon annual shares derived from TREMOD MM (Knörr et al. (2022b) 3) (cf. NFR 1.A.4 - mobile).

Table 1: Annual contribution of forestry vehicles and mobile machinery to the primary fuel delivery data provided in NEB line 67

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
DIESEL FUELS 2.41% 1.36% 2.15% 2.88% 2.91% 2.99% 2.77% 2.76% 2.81% 2.89% 2.72% 2.79% 3.35% 3.54% 4.15% 4.25%
GASOLINE FUELS 68.5% 40.3% 44.9% 41.4% 35.5% 35.6% 33.1% 32.9% 33.1% 33.3% 31.6% 31.9% 35.8% 36.8% 40.3% 40.8%

source: own estimates based on TREMOD MM

Table 2: Annual mobile fuel consumption in forestry, in terajoules

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Diesel Oil 2,694 1,331 2,048 2,365 2,579 2,709 2,469 2,556 2,715 2,928 2,861 3,020 3,389 3,627 4,380 4,521
Biodiesel 3,093 3,005 3,324 3,029 1,568 1,430 414 404 432 1,678 1,591 1,600 1,794 1,707 2,679 2,761
Gasoline 0 0 0 151 198 189 174 152 167 160 152 161 197 207 364 314
Biogasoline 0 0 0 20,8 60,6 58,6 18,4 17,3 18,8 72,8 69,1 67,5 80,7 73,6 122 131
Ʃ 1.A.4.c ii (ii) 5,787 4,335 5,372 5,565 4,405 4,386 3,076 3,129 3,333 4,839 4,673 4,849 5,460 5,614 7,545 7,728

Emission factors

The emission factors used here are of rather different quality: For all main pollutants, carbon monoxide and particulate matter, annually changing values computed within TREMOD MM (Knörr et al. (2022b)) 4) are used, representing the development of mitigation technologies and th effect of fuel-quality legislation.

Table 3: Annual coutry-specific emission factors from TREMOD MM1

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
DIESEL FUELS
NH3 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18
NMVOC 191 156 130 80.2 46.5 42.4 38.7 35.0 31.4 28.1 25.3 22.9 20.9 19.1 17.6 16.3
NOx 981 1.052 1.071 834 543 495 454 422 397 375 351 326 305 285 264 239
SOx 79.6 60.5 14.0 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37
BC5 84.5 60.7 41.7 27.7 21.6 21.0 20.4 19.3 17.8 16.1 14.5 13.0 11.5 10.1 8.73 7.39
PM4 155 111 75.8 45.3 30.4 28.8 27.3 25.3 23.1 20.8 18.6 16.5 14.6 12.8 11.1 9.51
CO 688 618 554 395 282 268 256 243 230 217 206 197 188 181 174 168
GASOLINE FUELS
NH3 0.075 0.083 0.083 0.086 0.087 0.088 0.091 0.092 0.092 0.092 0.092 0.092 0.092 0.092 0.092 0.092
NMVOC2 3.04 6.37 4.67 4.56 4.83 4.74 5.23 5.22 5.11 5.00 5.32 5.19 4.30 4.07 3.46 3.35
NMVOC3 5,819 5,099 5,099 5,320 5,424 4,858 3,596 2,897 2,897 2,897 2,897 2,897 2,897 2,901 2,910 2,915
NOx 42.7 49.4 49.4 76.4 86.0 78.5 63.1 55.1 55.1 55.1 55.1 55.1 55.1 55.1 55.1 55.1
SOx 10.1 8.27 3.22 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37
BC5 5.09 3.73 3.73 3.86 3.91 3.96 4.08 4.13 4.13 4.13 4.13 4.13 4.13 4.13 4.13 4.13
PM4 102 74.6 74.6 77.2 78.1 79.2 81.5 82.7 82.7 82.7 82.7 82.7 82.7 82.7 82.7 82.7
TSP6 2.35 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CO 16,824 14,796 14,796 15,371 15,609 15,827 16,279 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514 16,514
Pb 1.47 0.52 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 due to lack of better information: similar EF are applied for fossil and biofuels
2 from fuel combustion
3 from gasoline evaporation
4 EF(PM2.5) also applied for PM10 and TSP (assumption: > 99% of TSP consists of PM2.5)
5 estimated via a f-BCs as provided in 5), Chapter 1.A.2.g vii, 1.A.4.a ii, b ii, c ii, 1.A.5.b i - Non-road, note to Table 3-1: Tier 1 emission factors for off-road machinery
6 from leaded gasoline (until 1997)

With respect to the emission factors applied for particulate matter, given the circumstances during test-bench measurements, condensables are most likely included at least partly. 1)

For information on the emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions, please refer to Appendix 2.3 - Heavy Metal (HM) exhaust emissions from mobile sources and Appendix 2.4 - Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) exhaust emissions from mobile sources.

Recalculations

Revisions in activity data result from slightly revised annual shares adapted EBZ 67 shares as well as the implementation of primary activity data from the now finalised NEB 2020.

Table 6: Revised annual shares of NEB line 67, in %

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
DIESEL FUELS
Submission 2023 0.024 0.014 0.022 0.029 0.029 0.030 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.029 0.027 0.028 0.033 0.035 0.042
Submission 2022 0.024 0.014 0.022 0.029 0.029 0.030 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.029 0.027 0.028 0.034 0.035 0.042
absolute change 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
relative change -0.03% -0.09% -0.13% -0.13% -0.13% -0.12% -0.12% -0.12% -0.12% -0.12% -0.12% -0.12% -0.1% -0.12% -0.12%
GASOLINE FUELS
Submission 2023 0.685 0.403 0.449 0.414 0.355 0.356 0.331 0.329 0.331 0.333 0.316 0.319 0.358 0.368 0.403
Submission 2022 0.685 0.403 0.449 0.414 0.355 0.356 0.331 0.329 0.331 0.333 0.316 0.319 0.358 0.368 0.404
absolute change 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
relative change 0.00% 0.00% -0.02% -0.02% -0.03% -0.03% -0.03% -0.03% -0.03% -0.03% -0.03% -0.03% -0.03% -0.03% -0.02%

Table 5: Revised activity data, in terajoules

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
DIESEL FUELS
current submission 2,694 1,331 2,048 2,516 2,777 2,898 2,643 2,707 2,882 3,088 3,013 3,182 3,586 3,834 4,744
previous submission 2,695 1,332 2,051 2,519 2,781 2,902 2,646 2,711 2,886 3,092 3,016 3,185 3,590 3,838 4,702
absolute change -0.90 -1.13 -2.71 -3.23 -3.51 -3.62 -3.27 -3.27 -3.45 -3.70 -3.60 -3.79 -4.23 -4.49 41.9
relative change -0.03% -0.09% -0.13% -0.1% -0.1% -0.12% -0.12% -0.12% -0.12% -0.12% -0.12% -0.12% -0.12% -0.12% 0.89%
GASOLINE FUELS
current submission 3,093 3,005 3,324 3,050 1,628 1,488 433 422 451 1,751 1,660 1,668 1,875 1,781 2,802
previous submission 3,093 3,004 3,325 3,050 1,629 1,488 433 422 451 1,752 1,660 1,668 1,875 1,781 2,229
absolute change -0.15 0.09 -0.63 -0.72 -0.43 -0.39 -0.12 -0.12 -0.12 -0.48 -0.46 -0.46 -0.49 -0.46 573
relative change 0.00% 0.00% -0.02% -0.02% -0.03% -0.03% -0.03% -0.03% -0.03% -0.03% -0.03% -0.03% -0.03% -0.03% 25.7%
OVER-ALL FUEL CONSUMPTION
current submission 5,787 4,335 5,372 5,565 4,405 4,386 3,076 3,129 3,333 4,839 4,673 4,849 5,460 5,614 7,545
previous submission 5,788 4,336 5,375 5,569 4,409 4,390 3,079 3,133 3,336 4,843 4,677 4,853 5,465 5,619 6,930
absolute change -1.05 -1.05 -3.34 -3.95 -3.93 -4.01 -3.39 -3.38 -3.57 -4.18 -4.07 -4.25 -4.72 -4.95 615
relative change -0.02% -0.02% -0.06% -0.07% -0.09% -0.09% -0.11% -0.11% -0.11% -0.09% -0.09% -0.09% -0.09% -0.09% 8.88%

In contrast, all emission factors remain unrevised compared to last year's susbmission.

For pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2020, please see the recalculation tables following chapter 8.1 - Recalculations.

1) AGEB, 2022: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; https://ag-energiebilanzen.de/daten-und-fakten/bilanzen-1990-bis-2020/?wpv-jahresbereich-bilanz=2011-2020, (Aufruf: 23.11.2021), Köln & Berlin, 2022
2) BAFA, 2022: Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle, BAFA): Amtliche Mineralöldaten für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; https://www.bafa.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Energie/Mineraloel/moel_amtliche_daten_2021_12.xlsx;jsessionid=80E1FD32B36918F682608C03FDE79257.1_cid381?__blob=publicationFile&v=5, Eschborn, 2022.
3), 4) Knörr et al. (2022b): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Aktualisierung des Modells TREMOD-Mobile Machinery (TREMOD MM) 2022, Heidelberg, 2022.
5) EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2019, Copenhagen, 2019.
1)
During test-bench measurements, temperatures are likely to be significantly higher than under real-world conditions, thus reducing condensation. On the contrary, smaller dillution (higher number of primary particles acting as condensation germs) together with higher pressures increase the likeliness of condensation. So over-all condensables are very likely to occur but different to real-world conditions.