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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:residential [2022/03/22 09:38] – [Recalculations] kotzulla | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:residential [2023/04/11 12:28] (current) – [Discussion of emission trends] kotzulla | ||
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===== Short description ===== | ===== Short description ===== | ||
- | Under sub-category //1.A.4.b ii - Residential: | + | Under sub-category //1.A.4.b ii - Residential: |
^ Method | ^ Method | ||
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==== Activity data ==== | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
- | Activity data are taken from annual fuel delieveries data provided in line 66: ' | + | Activity data are taken from annual fuel delieveries data provided in line 66: ' |
__Table 1: Sources for consumption data in 1.A.4.b ii__ | __Table 1: Sources for consumption data in 1.A.4.b ii__ | ||
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__Table 2: Annual over-all fuel deliveries to residential mobile sources, in terajoules__ | __Table 2: Annual over-all fuel deliveries to residential mobile sources, in terajoules__ | ||
- | | | **1990** | **1995** | **2000** | **2005** | **2010** | **2011** | **2012** | **2013** | **2014** | **2015** | **2016** | **2017** | **2018** | **2019** | **2020** | | + | | ^ |
- | ^ Gasoline | + | ^ Gasoline |
- | ^ Biogasoline | + | ^ Biogasoline |
- | | **Ʃ 1.A.4.b ii** ^ 2,177 ^ 2,395 ^ 2,395 ^ 2,411 ^ 3,510 ^ 4,236 ^ 4,172 ^ 3,879 ^ 4,118 ^ 4,411 ^ 4,412 ^ 4,406 ^ 4,418 ^ | + | | **Ʃ 1.A.4.b ii** ^ 2,177 ^ 2,395 ^ 2,395 ^ 2,411 ^ 3,510 ^ 4,236 ^ 4,172 ^ 3,879 ^ 4,118 ^ 4,411 ^ 4,412 ^ 4,406 ^ 4,418 ^ 4,410 ^ 3,332 ^ 3,247 ^ |
source: AGEB, 2020 [(AGEB2020)] and TREMOD MM [(KNOERR2020b)] | source: AGEB, 2020 [(AGEB2020)] and TREMOD MM [(KNOERR2020b)] | ||
{{ : | {{ : | ||
- | These primary activity data can be distributed onto 2- and 4-stroke engines used in households via annual shares from Knörr et al. (2020b) [(KNOERR2020b)]. | + | These primary activity data can be distributed onto 2- and 4-stroke engines used in households via annual shares from Knörr et al. (2022b) [(KNOERR2022b)]. |
__Table 3: Annual shares of 2- and 4-stroke engines__ | __Table 3: Annual shares of 2- and 4-stroke engines__ | ||
- | | | **1990** | **1995** | **2000** | **2005** | **2010** | **2011** | **2012** | **2013** | **2014** | **2015** | **2016** | **2017** | **2018** | **2019** | **2020** | | + | | ^ |
- | ^ 2-Stroke Machinery | + | ^ 2-Stroke Machinery |
- | ^ 4-Stroke Machinery | + | ^ 4-Stroke Machinery |
- | ^ 2-Stroke Boats | 10,1% | 10,3% | 8,80% | 5,61% | 2,16% | 2,19% | 2,23% | 2,28% | 2,31% | 2,34% | 2,37% | 2,39% | 2,40% | 2,41% | 2,43% | | + | ^ 2-Stroke Boats | 10.1% | 10.3% | 8.80% | 5.61% | 2.16% | 2.19% | 2.23% | 2.28% | 2.31% | 2.34% | 2.37% | 2.39% | 2.40% | 2.41% | 2.43% | 2.45% | |
- | ^ 4-Stroke Boats | | + | ^ 4-Stroke Boats | |
- | | | + | | |
source: TREMOD MM [(KNOERR2020b)] | source: TREMOD MM [(KNOERR2020b)] | ||
__Table 4: Resulting estimates for fuel consumption in 2- and 4-stroke engines, in terajoules__ | __Table 4: Resulting estimates for fuel consumption in 2- and 4-stroke engines, in terajoules__ | ||
- | | | **1990** | **1995** | **2000** | **2005** | **2010** | **2011** | **2012** | **2013** | **2014** | **2015** | **2016** | **2017** | **2018** | **2019** | **2020** | | + | | ^ |
- | | **2-stroke machinery** | + | | **2-stroke machinery** |
- | ^ Gasoline | + | ^ Gasoline |
- | ^ Biogasoline | + | ^ Biogasoline |
- | | **4-stroke machinery** | + | | **4-stroke machinery** |
- | ^ Gasoline | + | ^ Gasoline |
- | ^ Biogasoline | + | ^ Biogasoline |
- | | **2-stroke boats** | + | | **2-stroke boats** |
- | ^ Gasoline | + | ^ Gasoline |
- | ^ Biogasoline | + | ^ Biogasoline |
- | | **4-stroke boats** | + | | **4-stroke boats** |
- | ^ Gasoline | + | ^ Gasoline |
- | ^ Biogasoline | + | ^ Biogasoline |
- | | **Ʃ 1.A.4.b ii** | + | | **Ʃ 1.A.4.b ii** |
==== Emission factors ==== | ==== Emission factors ==== | ||
The emission factors used here are of rather different quality: | The emission factors used here are of rather different quality: | ||
- | For all **main pollutants**, | + | For all **main pollutants**, |
Here, as no such specific EF are available for biofuels, the values used for gasoline are applied to bioethanol, too. | Here, as no such specific EF are available for biofuels, the values used for gasoline are applied to bioethanol, too. | ||
- | For lead (Pb) from leaded gasoline and corresponding TSP emissions, additional emissions are are calculated from 1990 to 1997 based upon contry-specific emission factors from [(KNOERR2020b)].) | + | For lead (Pb) from leaded gasoline and corresponding TSP emissions, additional emissions are are calculated from 1990 to 1997 based upon contry-specific emission factors from [(KNOERR2022b)].) |
__Table 4: Annual country-specific emission factors from TREMOD MM< | __Table 4: Annual country-specific emission factors from TREMOD MM< | ||
- | ^ ^ 1990 | + | ^ |
- | | **4-stroke machinery** | + | | **4-stroke machinery** |
- | ^ NH< | + | | NH< |
- | ^ NMVOC< | + | | NMVOC - exhaust< |
- | ^ NMVOC< | + | | NMVOC - evaporation<sup>1, 3</ |
- | ^ NO< | + | | NO< |
- | ^ SO< | + | | SO< |
- | ^ BC< | + | | BC <sup>2, 5</ |
- | ^ PM< | + | | PM< |
- | ^ CO | 39.998 | 32.154 | 28.346 | 27.161 | | + | | PM< |
- | | **2-stroke machinery** | + | | TSP - exhaust< |
- | ^ NH< | + | | TSP - leaded fuel< |
- | ^ NMVOC< | + | | CO < |
- | ^ NMVOC< | + | | **2-stroke machinery** |
- | ^ NO< | + | | NH< |
- | ^ SO< | + | | NMVOC - exhaust<sup>1, 2</ |
- | ^ BC< | + | | NMVOC - evaporation<sup>1, 3</ |
- | ^ PM< | + | | NO< |
- | ^ CO | + | | SO< |
- | | **2- and 4-stroke | + | | BC <sup>2, 4</ |
- | ^ TSP< | + | | PM< |
- | ^ Pb | 1,47 | 0,52 | | + | | PM< |
+ | | TSP - exhaust< | ||
+ | | TSP - leaded fuel< | ||
+ | | CO < | ||
+ | | **4-stroke | ||
+ | | NH< | ||
+ | | NMVOC - exhaust< | ||
+ | | NMVOC - evaporation< | ||
+ | | NO< | ||
+ | | SO< | ||
+ | | BC< | ||
+ | | PM< | ||
+ | | PM< | ||
+ | | TSP - exhaust< | ||
+ | | TSP - leaded fuel< | ||
+ | | CO< | ||
+ | | **2-stroke leisure boats** | ||
+ | | NH< | ||
+ | | NMVOC - exhaust< | ||
+ | | NMVOC - evaporation< | ||
+ | | NO< | ||
+ | | SO< | ||
+ | | BC < | ||
+ | | PM< | ||
+ | | PM< | ||
+ | | TSP - exhaust< | ||
+ | | TSP - leaded fuel< | ||
+ | | CO< | ||
+ | | Pb - leaded fuel< | ||
< | < | ||
< | < | ||
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For all unregulated pollutants, emission trends directly follow the trend in fuel consumption. | For all unregulated pollutants, emission trends directly follow the trend in fuel consumption. | ||
- | {{ : | + | {{ : |
Here, as the emission factors for heavy metals (and POPs) are derived from tier1 default values, the emission' | Here, as the emission factors for heavy metals (and POPs) are derived from tier1 default values, the emission' | ||
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For all regulated pollutants, emission trends follow not only the trend in fuel consumption but also reflect the impact of fuel-quality and exhaust-emission legislation. | For all regulated pollutants, emission trends follow not only the trend in fuel consumption but also reflect the impact of fuel-quality and exhaust-emission legislation. | ||
- | However, especially for CO and NOx, trends are strongly influenced by the changes in annual fuel deliveries as provided in NEB line 66. | + | However, especially for CO and NO< |
- | {{: | + | {{ : |
- | {{: | + | {{ : |
- | {{: | + | |
+ | Here, emissions of sulphur oxides follow the step-by-step reduction of sulphur contents in liquid fuels, resulting in a reduction of over 95% since 1990. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{ : | ||
== Particulate matter == | == Particulate matter == | ||
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===== Recalculations ===== | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
- | **Primary activity** data fro NEB line 66 were revised for 2018 and 2019. | + | Compared to Submission 2022, recalcultaions result solely from the revision |
- | + | ||
- | Furthermore, the percental shares | + | |
- | + | ||
- | __Table 5: Revised annual shares | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | | **4-stroke machinery** | + | |
- | ^ current submission | + | |
- | ^ previous submission | + | |
- | ^ absolute change | + | |
- | ^ relative change | + | |
- | | **2-stroke machinery** | + | |
- | ^ current submission | + | |
- | ^ previous submission | + | |
- | ^ absolute change | + | |
- | ^ relative change | + | |
- | | **4-stroke boats** | + | |
- | ^ current submission | + | |
- | ^ previous submission | + | |
- | | **2-stroke boats** | + | |
- | ^ current submission | + | |
- | ^ previous submission | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | | | + | |
- | | **4-stroke machinery** | + | |
- | ^ current submission | + | |
- | ^ previous submission | + | |
- | ^ absolute change | + | |
- | ^ relative change | + | |
- | | **2-stroke machinery** | + | |
- | ^ current submission | + | |
- | ^ previous submission | + | |
- | ^ absolute change | + | |
- | ^ relative change | + | |
- | | **4-stroke boats** | + | |
- | ^ current submission | + | |
- | ^ previous submission | + | |
- | | **2-stroke boats** | + | |
- | ^ current submission | + | |
- | ^ previous submission | + | |
- | | **OVER-ALL CONSUMPTION** | + | |
- | ^ current submission | + | |
- | ^ previous submission | + | |
- | ^ absolute change | + | |
- | ^ relative change | + | |
- | <WRAP center round info 60%> | + | | ^ gasoline |
- | For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019**, please see the recalculation tables following [[general: | + | ^ Submission 2023 | 3.186 |
+ | ^ Submission 2022 | 4.055 | ||
+ | ^ absolute change | ||
+ | ^ relative change | ||
+ | <WRAP center round info 65%> | ||
+ | For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2020**, please see the recalculation tables following [[general: | ||
</ | </ | ||
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The EF provided in [(RENTZ2008)] represent summatory values for (i) the fuel's and (ii) the lubricant' | The EF provided in [(RENTZ2008)] represent summatory values for (i) the fuel's and (ii) the lubricant' | ||
- | [(AGEB2020> | + | [(AGEB2022> |
- | [(KNOERR2020b>Knörr et al. (2020b): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Aktualisierung des Modells TREMOD-Mobile Machinery (TREMOD MM) 2020, Heidelberg, | + | [(KNOERR2022b>Knörr et al. (2022b): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Aktualisierung des Modells TREMOD-Mobile Machinery (TREMOD MM) 2022, Heidelberg, |
[(EMEPEEA2019> | [(EMEPEEA2019> | ||
[(RENTZ2008> | [(RENTZ2008> | ||
[(KNOERR2009> | [(KNOERR2009> |