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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:residential [2022/11/09 12:47] – kotzulla | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:residential [2023/04/11 12:28] (current) – [Discussion of emission trends] kotzulla | ||
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==== Activity data ==== | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
- | Activity data are taken from annual fuel delieveries data provided in line 66: ' | + | Activity data are taken from annual fuel delieveries data provided in line 66: ' |
__Table 1: Sources for consumption data in 1.A.4.b ii__ | __Table 1: Sources for consumption data in 1.A.4.b ii__ | ||
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{{ : | {{ : | ||
- | These primary activity data can be distributed onto 2- and 4-stroke engines used in households via annual shares from Knörr et al. (2020b) [(KNOERR2020b)]. | + | These primary activity data can be distributed onto 2- and 4-stroke engines used in households via annual shares from Knörr et al. (2022b) [(KNOERR2022b)]. |
__Table 3: Annual shares of 2- and 4-stroke engines__ | __Table 3: Annual shares of 2- and 4-stroke engines__ | ||
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The emission factors used here are of rather different quality: | The emission factors used here are of rather different quality: | ||
- | For all **main pollutants**, | + | For all **main pollutants**, |
Here, as no such specific EF are available for biofuels, the values used for gasoline are applied to bioethanol, too. | Here, as no such specific EF are available for biofuels, the values used for gasoline are applied to bioethanol, too. | ||
- | For lead (Pb) from leaded gasoline and corresponding TSP emissions, additional emissions are are calculated from 1990 to 1997 based upon contry-specific emission factors from [(KNOERR2020b)].) | + | For lead (Pb) from leaded gasoline and corresponding TSP emissions, additional emissions are are calculated from 1990 to 1997 based upon contry-specific emission factors from [(KNOERR2022b)].) |
__Table 4: Annual country-specific emission factors from TREMOD MM< | __Table 4: Annual country-specific emission factors from TREMOD MM< | ||
- | ^ ^ 1990 | + | ^ |
- | | **4-stroke machinery** | + | | **4-stroke machinery** |
- | | NH,,3,, ^^1^^ | + | | NH<sub>3</ |
- | | NMVOC - exhaust | + | | NMVOC - exhaust<sup>1, 2</ |
- | | NMVOC - evaporation | + | | NMVOC - evaporation<sup>1, 3</ |
- | | NO,,x,, ^^1^^ | + | | NO<sub>x</ |
- | | SO,,x,, ^^1^^ | + | | SO<sub>x</ |
- | | BC ^^2,5^^ | 0,31 | 0,27 | 0,24 | 0,23 | 0,24 | 0,25 | 0,25 | 0,25 | 0,26 | 0,26 | 0,26 | 0,26 | 0,26 | 0,26 | 0,26 | 0,26 | | + | | BC <sup>2, 5</ |
- | | PM,,2.5,, ^^2,4^^ | + | | PM<sub>2.5</ |
- | | PM,,10,, | 6,30 | 5,46 | 4,85 | 4,62 | 4,87 | 4,94 | 5,00 | 5,06 | 5,11 | 5,15 | 5,19 | 5,22 | 5,24 | 5,25 | 5,25 | 5,26 | | + | | PM<sub>10</ |
- | | TSP - exhaust | + | | TSP - exhaust<sup>2</ |
- | | TSP - leaded fuel ^^6^^ | + | | TSP - leaded fuel<sup>6</ |
- | | CO ^^1^^ | 40.044 | 32.179 | 28.352 | 27.158 | 27.988 | 28.274 | 28.551 | 28.808 | 29.042 | 29.245 | 29.413 | 29.544 | 29.642 | 29.609 | 29.252 | 28.653 | | + | | CO <sup>1</ |
- | | **2-stroke machinery** | + | | **2-stroke machinery** |
- | | NH,,3,, ^^1^^ | + | | NH<sub>3</ |
- | | NMVOC - exhaust | + | | NMVOC - exhaust<sup>1, 2</ |
- | | NMVOC - evaporation | + | | NMVOC - evaporation<sup>1, 3</ |
- | | NO,,x,, ^^1^^ | + | | NO<sub>x</ |
- | | SO,,x,, ^^1^^ | + | | SO<sub>x</ |
- | | BC ^^2,4^^ | 6,91 | 6,13 | 5,13 | 4,93 | 4,79 | 4,93 | 5,22 | 5,41 | 5,49 | 5,55 | 5,61 | 5,67 | 5,71 | 5,75 | 5,77 | 5,80 | | + | | BC <sup>2, 4</ |
- | | PM,,2.5,, ^^2,5^^ | + | | PM<sub>2.5</ |
- | | PM,,10,, | 138 | 123 | 103 | 99 | 96 | 99 | 104 | 108 | 110 | 111 | 112 | 113 | 114 | 115 | 115 | 116 | | + | | PM<sub>10</ |
- | | TSP - exhaust | + | | TSP - exhaust<sup>2</ |
- | | TSP - leaded fuel ^^6^^ | + | | TSP - leaded fuel<sup>6</ |
- | | CO ^^1^^ | 20.271 | 18.743 | 16.255 | 15.480 | 14.693 | 15.061 | 15.883 | 16.429 | 16.610 | 16.788 | 16.958 | 17.115 | 17.256 | 17.377 | 17.474 | 17.553 | | + | | CO <sup>1</ |
- | | **4-stroke leisure boats** | + | | **4-stroke leisure boats** |
- | | NH,,3,, ^^1^^ | + | | NH<sub>3</ |
- | | NMVOC - exhaust | + | | NMVOC - exhaust<sup>1, 2</ |
- | | NMVOC - evaporation | + | | NMVOC - evaporation<sup>1, 3</ |
- | | NO,,x,, ^^1^^ | + | | NO<sub>x</ |
- | | SO,,x,, ^^1^^ | + | | SO<sub>x</ |
- | | BC ^^2,5^^ | 0,09 | 0,05 | 0,15 | 0,18 | 0,27 | 0,28 | 0,29 | 0,31 | 0,32 | 0,33 | 0,34 | 0,33 | 0,32 | 0,31 | 0,29 | 0,28 | | + | | BC<sup>2, 5</ |
- | | PM,,2.5,, ^^2,4^^ | + | | PM<sub>2.5</ |
- | | PM,,10,, | 1,74 | 0,97 | 3,00 | 3,57 | 5,37 | 5,63 | 5,89 | 6,16 | 6,42 | 6,65 | 6,75 | 6,61 | 6,41 | 6,15 | 5,86 | 5,55 | | + | | PM<sub>10</ |
- | | TSP - exhaust | + | | TSP - exhaust<sup>2</ |
- | | TSP - leaded fuel ^^6^^ | + | | TSP - leaded fuel<sup>6</ |
- | | CO ^^1^^ | 30.204 | 30.817 | 32.595 | 33.248 | 26.208 | 24.417 | 22.738 | 21.186 | 19.774 | 18.519 | 17.352 | 16.229 | 15.256 | 14.476 | 13.858 | 13.396 | | + | | CO<sup>1</ |
- | | **2-stroke leisure boats** | + | | **2-stroke leisure boats** |
- | | NH,,3,, ^^1^^ | + | | NH<sub>3</ |
- | | NMVOC - exhaust | + | | NMVOC - exhaust<sup>1, 2</ |
- | | NMVOC - evaporation | + | | NMVOC - evaporation<sup>1, 3</ |
- | | NO,,x,, ^^1^^ | + | | NO<sub>x</ |
- | | SO,,x,, ^^1^^ | + | | SO<sub>x</ |
- | | BC ^^2,4^^ | 21,1 | 21,1 | 21,1 | 21,1 | 21,6 | 21,9 | 22,3 | 22,7 | 23,1 | 23,5 | 23,9 | 24,3 | 24,6 | 24,9 | 25,1 | 25,2 | | + | | BC <sup>2, 4</ |
- | | PM,,2.5,, ^^2,5^^ | + | | PM<sub>2.5</ |
- | | PM,,10,, | 422 | 422 | 422 | 422 | 432 | 438 | 446 | 454 | 462 | 471 | 479 | 486 | 492 | 498 | 501 | 504 | | + | | PM<sub>10</ |
- | | TSP - exhaust | + | | TSP - exhaust<sup>2</ |
- | | TSP - leaded fuel ^^6^^ | + | | TSP - leaded fuel<sup>6</ |
- | | CO ^^1^^ | 15.101 | 15.160 | 15.311 | 15.415 | 12.700 | 11.909 | 11.135 | 10.389 | 9.684 | 9.029 | 8.433 | 7.904 | 7.446 | 7.060 | 6.775 | 6.574 | | + | | CO<sup>1</ |
- | | Pb - leaded fuel ^^7^^ | 1.471 | 516 | | + | | Pb - leaded fuel<sup>7</ |
< | < | ||
< | < | ||
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For all unregulated pollutants, emission trends directly follow the trend in fuel consumption. | For all unregulated pollutants, emission trends directly follow the trend in fuel consumption. | ||
- | {{ : | + | {{ : |
Here, as the emission factors for heavy metals (and POPs) are derived from tier1 default values, the emission' | Here, as the emission factors for heavy metals (and POPs) are derived from tier1 default values, the emission' | ||
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For all regulated pollutants, emission trends follow not only the trend in fuel consumption but also reflect the impact of fuel-quality and exhaust-emission legislation. | For all regulated pollutants, emission trends follow not only the trend in fuel consumption but also reflect the impact of fuel-quality and exhaust-emission legislation. | ||
- | However, especially for CO and NOx, trends are strongly influenced by the changes in annual fuel deliveries as provided in NEB line 66. | + | However, especially for CO and NO< |
- | {{: | + | {{ : |
- | {{: | + | {{ : |
- | {{: | + | |
+ | Here, emissions of sulphur oxides follow the step-by-step reduction of sulphur contents in liquid fuels, resulting in a reduction of over 95% since 1990. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{ : | ||
== Particulate matter == | == Particulate matter == | ||
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===== Recalculations ===== | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
- | **Primary activity** data fro NEB line 66 were revised for 2018 and 2019. | + | Compared to Submission 2022, recalcultaions result solely from the revision |
- | + | ||
- | Furthermore, the percental shares | + | |
- | + | ||
- | __Table 5: Revised annual shares | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | | **4-stroke machinery** | + | |
- | ^ current submission | + | |
- | ^ previous submission | + | |
- | ^ absolute change | + | |
- | ^ relative change | + | |
- | | **2-stroke machinery** | + | |
- | ^ current submission | + | |
- | ^ previous submission | + | |
- | ^ absolute change | + | |
- | ^ relative change | + | |
- | | **4-stroke boats** | + | |
- | ^ current submission | + | |
- | ^ previous submission | + | |
- | | **2-stroke boats** | + | |
- | ^ current submission | + | |
- | ^ previous submission | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | | | + | |
- | | **4-stroke machinery** | + | |
- | ^ current submission | + | |
- | ^ previous submission | + | |
- | ^ absolute change | + | |
- | ^ relative change | + | |
- | | **2-stroke machinery** | + | |
- | ^ current submission | + | |
- | ^ previous submission | + | |
- | ^ absolute change | + | |
- | ^ relative change | + | |
- | | **4-stroke boats** | + | |
- | ^ current submission | + | |
- | ^ previous submission | + | |
- | | **2-stroke boats** | + | |
- | ^ current submission | + | |
- | ^ previous submission | + | |
- | | **OVER-ALL CONSUMPTION** | + | |
- | ^ current submission | + | |
- | ^ previous submission | + | |
- | ^ absolute change | + | |
- | ^ relative change | + | |
+ | | ^ gasoline | ||
+ | ^ Submission 2023 | 3.186 | ||
+ | ^ Submission 2022 | 4.055 | ||
+ | ^ absolute change | ||
+ | ^ relative change | ||
<WRAP center round info 65%> | <WRAP center round info 65%> | ||
- | For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019**, please see the recalculation tables following [[general: | + | For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2020**, please see the recalculation tables following [[general: |
</ | </ | ||
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The EF provided in [(RENTZ2008)] represent summatory values for (i) the fuel's and (ii) the lubricant' | The EF provided in [(RENTZ2008)] represent summatory values for (i) the fuel's and (ii) the lubricant' | ||
- | [(AGEB2020> | + | [(AGEB2022> |
- | [(KNOERR2020b>Knörr et al. (2020b): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Aktualisierung des Modells TREMOD-Mobile Machinery (TREMOD MM) 2020, Heidelberg, | + | [(KNOERR2022b>Knörr et al. (2022b): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Aktualisierung des Modells TREMOD-Mobile Machinery (TREMOD MM) 2022, Heidelberg, |
[(EMEPEEA2019> | [(EMEPEEA2019> | ||
[(RENTZ2008> | [(RENTZ2008> | ||
[(KNOERR2009> | [(KNOERR2009> |