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1.A.3.a ii (ii) - Domestic Civil Aviation: Cruise

Short description

Category Code Method AD EF
1.A.3.a ii (ii) T1, T2, T3 NS, M CS, D, M
NOx NMVOC SO2 NH3 PM2.5 PM10 TSP BC CO PB Cd Hg Diox PAH HCB
Key Category: not included in key category analysis

In NFR category 1.A.3.a ii (ii) - Domestic Civil Aviation: Cruise emissions from domestic flights between German airports during cruise stage (above 3,000 feet of altitude) are reported.

In the following, information on sub-category specific activity data, (implied) emission factors and emission estimates are provided.

Methodology

Actitvity Data

Specific fuel consumption during LTO-stage is calculated within TREMOD AV as described in the superordinate chapter.

Table 1: annual jet kerosene & avgas consumption during cruise-stage, in terajoules

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Kerosene 20,263 20,927 23,058 21,646 21,682 21,885 20,757 18,799 19,050 19,826 19,831 19,163 19,300 20,451 9,441 6,536
Avgas 1,681 805 779 472 383 440 399 355 344 393 322 320 310 256 170 114

source: Knörr et al. (2022c) 1) & Gores (2022) 2)

Emission factors

All country specific emission factors used for emission reporting were basically ascertained within UBA project FKZ 360 16 029 3) and have since then been compiled, revised and maintained in TREMOD AV 4).

For more information, please see the superordinate chapter on civil aviation.

Table 2: Annual country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
JET KEROSENE
NH3 3.98 3.95 3.95 3.97 3.97 3.97 3.97 3.97 3.97 3.97 3.97 3.97 3.97 3.97 3.97 3.97
NMVOC 14.4 16.0 16.6 18.9 19.9 19.9 20.2 21.7 22.7 22.0 17.7 18.1 17.7 19.4 26.1 30.5
NOx 337 375 348 340 374 376 381 383 381 386 397 400 396 396 370 365
SOx 19.7 19.5 19.5 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6
BC 1.82 2.15 2.00 2.20 2.02 2.00 2.02 2.02 1.95 2.05 1.95 1.99 2.18 2.13 2.66 2.20
PM 3.80 4.48 4.16 4.58 4.22 4.17 4.20 4.21 4.07 4.27 4.06 4.15 4.54 4.45 5.55 4.59
CO 147 149 186 203 197 197 201 212 219 214 154 151 152 159 241 294
AVGAS
NH3 NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE
NMVOC 549 559 545 551 548 558 557 557 556 555 557 552 561 579 580 578
NOx 132 134 130 132 130 134 133 134 133 132 133 130 135 142 143 143
SOx 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46
BC 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.43 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42
PM 2.78 2.81 2.78 2.80 2.81 2.82 2.83 2.82 2.83 2.83 2.82 2.85 2.83 2.80 2.79 2.79
TSP 17.9 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0
CO 21,184 21,581 21,324 21,543 21,850 21,864 21,979 21,921 22,002 22,097 21,979 22,459 21,962 21,040 20,928 20,957

1 EF(TSP) also applied for PM10 and PM2.5 (assumption: > 99% of TSP consists of PM2.5)
2 estimated via a f-BC of 0.48 as provided in 5), Chapter: 1.A.3.a, 1.A.5.b Aviation, page 49: “Conclusion”.

For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included.

For information on the emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions, please refer to Appendix 2.3 - Heavy Metal (HM) exhaust emissions from mobile sources and Appendix 2.4 - Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) exhaust emissions from mobile sources.

Trend discussion for Key Sources

NFR 1.A.3.a ii (ii) - Domestic Civil Aviation - Cruise is not included in the national emission totals and hence not included in the key category analysis.

Recalculations

Activity data have been revised within TREMOD AV to keep in line with information the final 2020 NEB.

Furthermore, the shares of kerosene consumed for domestic and international flights have been corrected for all years within the TREMOD Aviation model (see super-ordinate chapter).

Table 3: Revised annual fuel consumption in 1.A.3.a ii (ii), in terajoules

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
JET KEROSENE
current submission 20,263 20,927 23,058 21,646 21,682 21,885 20,757 18,799 19,050 19,826 19,831 19,163 19,300 20,451 9,441
previous submission 21,690 19,937 25,301 24,071 22,503 20,552 21,026 19,762 19,038 19,195 20,067 20,793 21,067 21,672 10,114
absolute change -1,428 990 -2,243 -2,425 -821 1,333 -270 -963 11,4 630 -236 -1,630 -1,766 -1,221 -672
relative change -6.58% 4.97% -8.87% -10.1% -3.65% 6.49% -1.28% -4.87% 0.06% 3.28% -1.17% -7.84% -8.38% -5.63% -6.65%
AVGAS
current submission 1,681 805 779 472 383 440 399 355 344 393 322 320 310 256 170
previous submission 1,681 805 779 472 382 440 398 354 343 393 322 320 310 256 170
absolute change 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.40 0.29 0.23 0.67 0.20 0.06 0.07 0.04 0.02 0.03
relative change 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03% 0.09% 0.07% 0.06% 0.20% 0.05% 0.02% 0.02% 0.01% 0.01% 0.02%

For pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2020, please see the recalculation tables following chapter 8.1 - Recalculations.

Uncertainties

For information on uncertainties, please see the main chapter on civil aviation.

Planned improvements

For information on planned improvements, please see main chapter on civil aviation.

1), 4) Knörr et al. (2022c): Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S.: TREMOD Aviation (TREMOD AV) - Revision des Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV). Heidelberg, Berlin: Ifeu Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH & Öko-Institut e.V., Berlin & Heidelberg, 2022.
2) Gores (2022): Inventartool zum deutschen Flugverkehrsinventar 1990-2020, im Rahmen der Aktualisierung des Moduls TREMOD-AV im Transportemissionsmodell TREMOD, Berlin, 2022.
3) Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S. (2010): Entwicklung eines eigenständigen Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV) : Endbericht. Endbericht zum F+E-Vorhaben 360 16 029, URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/entwicklung-eines-modells-zur-berechnung; Berlin & Heidelberg, 2012.
5) EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/1-energy/1-a-combustion/1-a-3-a-aviation/view; Copenhagen, 2019.