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| sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:navigation:international_maritime_navigation [2021/04/09 13:01] – kotzulla | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:navigation:international_maritime_navigation [2023/01/17 07:35] (current) – [Recalculations] kotzulla | ||
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| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
| ^ Category Code | ^ Category Code | ||
| | 1.A.3.d i (i) | T1, T2, T3 ||||| NS, M ||||| CS, M ||||| | | 1.A.3.d i (i) | T1, T2, T3 ||||| NS, M ||||| CS, M ||||| | ||
| - | ^ Key Category | + | ^ Key Category |
| | 1.A.3.d i (i) | //not included in key category analysis// | | 1.A.3.d i (i) | //not included in key category analysis// | ||
| Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
| \\ | \\ | ||
| - | |||
| ===== Methodology ===== | ===== Methodology ===== | ||
| Line 19: | Line 18: | ||
| ==== Activity data ==== | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
| - | Primary fuel delivery data (primary activity data, PAD) for // | + | Primary fuel delivery data (primary activity data, PAD) for // |
| The AD applied for // | The AD applied for // | ||
| - | ^ ^ ^ | + | | <WRAP left round info 100%> AD< |
| - | | | | | + | |
| - | | <WRAP left round info 50%> | + | |
| - | | | | | + | |
| - | <WRAP left round info 50%> | + | As a result, activity data can fluctuate strongly from year to year. |
| - | AD< | + | |
| - | </ | + | |
| - | \\ | + | However, this effect can be explained with the fact that large ocean-going ships do not need to bunker fuels on every single harbour but can go on for weeks without any additional fuel uptake. |
| - | \\ | + | |
| - | \\ | + | |
| - | + | ||
| + | This can be further increased with increasing differences in fuel prices. | ||
| __Table 1: Annual fuel consumption, | __Table 1: Annual fuel consumption, | ||
| - | | | + | | ^ |
| - | ^ Diesel Oil | + | ^ Diesel |
| - | ^ Heavy fuel oil | + | ^ Heavy fuel oil | |
| - | | **Ʃ 1.A.3.d | + | | **Ʃ 1.A.3.d |
| - | source: own estimates based on [(DEICHNIK2020)] | + | source: own estimates based on underlying BSH model (Deichnik, K. (2022)) |
| Consumption of heavy oil has been increasing since 1984 as a result of high petroleum prices, global increases in transports and increasing maritime use of diesel engines that can run on heavy oil. The emissions fluctuations that occurred in the navigation sector in 1992 and 1996 were caused by trade and oil crises. | Consumption of heavy oil has been increasing since 1984 as a result of high petroleum prices, global increases in transports and increasing maritime use of diesel engines that can run on heavy oil. The emissions fluctuations that occurred in the navigation sector in 1992 and 1996 were caused by trade and oil crises. | ||
| Line 49: | Line 41: | ||
| Furthermore, | Furthermore, | ||
| - | === Emission factors === | + | {{ : |
| - | For **main pollutants** and **particulate matter**, modelled emission factors are available from (Deichnik, K. (2020)) [(DEICHNIK2020)]. | + | ==== Emission factors ==== |
| + | |||
| + | For **main pollutants** and **particulate matter**, modelled emission factors are available from (Deichnik, K. (2022)). | ||
| Here, for **sulphur dioxide** and **particulate matter**, annual values are available representing the impact of fuel sulphur legislation. | Here, for **sulphur dioxide** and **particulate matter**, annual values are available representing the impact of fuel sulphur legislation. | ||
| - | In addition, regarding SO,,x,,, the increasing operation of so-called scrubbers in order to fullfil emission limits especially within SECA areas is reflected for heavy fuel oil. | + | In addition, regarding SO< |
| __Table 2: Annual country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ__ | __Table 2: Annual country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ__ | ||
| - | | | **1990** | **1995** | **2000** | **2005** | **2006** | + | | ^ |
| - | | **DIESEL OIL** | + | | **DIESEL OIL** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| - | ^ NH< | + | ^ NH< |
| - | ^ NMVOC | + | ^ NMVOC |
| - | ^ NO< | + | ^ NO< |
| - | ^ SO< | + | ^ SO< |
| - | ^ BC< | + | ^ BC< |
| - | ^ PM< | + | ^ PM< |
| - | ^ PM< | + | ^ PM< |
| - | ^ TSP< | + | ^ TSP< |
| - | ^ CO | 127 | | + | ^ CO | 128 | 128 | 128 | 128 | 128 | |
| - | | **HEAVY FUEL OIL** | + | | **HEAVY FUEL OIL** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| - | ^ NH< | + | ^ NH< |
| - | ^ NMVOC | + | ^ NMVOC |
| - | ^ NO< | + | ^ NO< |
| - | ^ SO< | + | ^ SO< |
| - | ^ BC< | + | ^ BC< |
| - | ^ PM< | + | ^ PM< |
| - | ^ PM< | + | ^ PM< |
| - | ^ TSP< | + | ^ TSP< |
| - | ^ CO | | + | ^ CO | |
| - | < | + | < |
| < | < | ||
| - | > **NOTE: | + | <WRAP center round info 100%> |
| + | For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included. | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | <WRAP center round info 100%> | ||
| + | For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | > For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, | ||
| ===== Discussion of emission trends===== | ===== Discussion of emission trends===== | ||
| Line 89: | Line 88: | ||
| **NFR 1.A.3.d i** is **not considered in the key category analysis**. | **NFR 1.A.3.d i** is **not considered in the key category analysis**. | ||
| - | Emission trends for unregulated pollutants (such as **NH< | + | Basically, with no significant technical improvements with respect to mitigation technologies, trends in emissions depend more or less directly the amounts of fuels bunkered in German harbours |
| - | On the other hand, the emission trends for **SO< | + | Here, as the amounts of fuels allocated to international maritime navigation represent |
| - | ===== Recalculations ===== | + | Therefore, especially emission trends for unregulated pollutants (such as **NH< |
| - | Resulting from changes in the fuel consumption data computed within [(DEICHNIK2020)] for // | + | {{ : |
| - | __Table 3: Revised fuel consumption data 2017, in terajoules__ | + | In contrast, emission trends for **SO< |
| - | ||= ||= **Diesel oil** ||= **Heavy fuel oil** ||= **over-all consumption** ||= | + | |
| - | ||~ Submission 2020 ||> | + | {{ : |
| - | ||~ Submission 2019 ||> | + | {{ : |
| - | ||~ absolute change ||> | + | |
| - | ||~ relative change ||> | + | |
| + | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
| - | In contrast, all country-specific and default **emission factors applied remain unrevised** compared to last year's submission. | ||
| - | <WRAP center round info 60%> | + | <WRAP center round info 65%> |
| - | For more information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant-specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general:recalculations:start | 8.1 - Recalculations]]. | + | With both **activity data and emission factors unaltered**, **no recalculations** occur compared to submission 2022. |
| </ | </ | ||
| ===== Uncertainties ===== | ===== Uncertainties ===== | ||
| - | Uncertainty estimates for **activity data** of mobile sources derive from research project FKZ 360 16 023: " | + | Uncertainty estimates for **activity data** of mobile sources derive from research project FKZ 360 16 023: " |
| ===== Planned improvements ===== | ===== Planned improvements ===== | ||
| Line 121: | Line 120: | ||
| ===== FAQs ===== | ===== FAQs ===== | ||
| - | [(AGEB2020> AGEB, 2020: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; | + | [(AGEB2022> AGEB, 2022: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; |
| - | [(DEICHNIK2020> Deichnik, K. (2019): Aktualisierung und Revision des Modells zur Berechnung der spezifischen Verbräuche und Emissionen des von Deutschland ausgehenden Seeverkehrs. from Bundesamts für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie (BSH); Hamburg, | + | [(DEICHNIK2022> Deichnik, K. (2022): Aktualisierung und Revision des Modells zur Berechnung der spezifischen Verbräuche und Emissionen des von Deutschland ausgehenden Seeverkehrs. from Bundesamts für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie (BSH); Hamburg, |
| [(EMEPEEA2019> | [(EMEPEEA2019> | ||
| - | [(RENTZ2008> | ||
| [(KNOERR2009> | [(KNOERR2009> | ||