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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:navigation:start [2023/06/07 13:06] – [Table] kotzullasector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:navigation:start [2024/11/06 14:50] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 For information on these country-specific emission factors, please refer to the sub-chapters linked above. For information on these country-specific emission factors, please refer to the sub-chapters linked above.
  
-===== Impact of ogoing Fuel-sulphur regulation on EF applied for SO<sub>2</sub> (and PM)=====+===== Impact of fuel-sulphur regulation on sulphur dioxide =====
  
-__Table: Development of fuel-sulfur limits for maritime fuels, in [% m/m]__ +__Table 4: Development of fuel-sulfur limits for maritime fuels in SECAs, in [% m/m]__ 
-^  no regulation  ^  as of 2006: SECA<sup>1</sup>                                               ||| +| mid-2006 to mid-2010     |  1.50  |                     | 
-|  until 2005     |  as of mid-2006                |  as of 2010          |  as of 2015           | +| mid-2010 to 2015         |  1.00  |  LSFO<sup>2</sup>   | 
-|  2.70           |  1.50                          |  1                   |  0.10                 | +| as of 2015               |  0.10  |  ULSFO<sup>3</sup>  | 
-|  Ø (global)     |                                |  (LSFO<sup>2</sup>)  |  (ULSFO<sup>3</sup>)  |+<sup>1</sup>: SECA = Sulphur Emission Control Area [(Wikipedia2023)], [(IMO2014)]  
 +<sup>2</sup>: Low sulphur Fuel Oil  
 +<sup>3</sup>: Ultra low sulphur Fuel Oil
  
 +These fuel-sulfur limits listed are used for the derivation of emission factors especially for heavy fuel oil used in the German inventory.
 +Here, until 2006, a global average of 2.70 % m/m is applied.
  
-|                                         |        |            | +__Table 5: Development of global fuel-sulfur limits for maritime fuels, in [% m/m]__ 
-| until 2005                              |  2.70  |  global Ø  | +| until 2012    |  4.50  | 
-| before 1 July 2010                      |  1.50  |            | +| 2012 to 2020  |  3.50  | 
-| between 1 July 2010 and 1 January 2015  |  1.00  |            | +| as of 2020    |  0.50  |
-| after 1 January 2015                    |  0.10  |            | +
-<sup>1</sup>: SECA = Sulphur Emission Control Area (Wikipedia, 2023) [(Wikipedia2023)]  +
-<sup>2</sup>: Low-sulphur Fuel Oil  +
-<sup>3</sup>: Ultra-low-sulphur Fuel Oil+
  
-| before 1 January 2012                       | 4.50% m/m   | +===== Heavy metals and POPs =====
-| between 1 January 2012 and 1 January 2020   | 3.50% m/m   | +
-| after 1 January 2020[note 1]                | 0.50% m/m   |+
  
-Furthermore, for heavy metal and POP emissions tier1 EF have been derived from the EMEP/EEA Guidebook 2019 mainly [(EMEPEEA2019)].+For heavy metal and POP emissions, tier1 EF have been derived from the EMEP/EEA Guidebook 2019 mainly [(EMEPEEA2019)].
  
 <WRAP center round info 100%> <WRAP center round info 100%>
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 Here, as the guidebook does not provide source-specific values for **PAHs**, respective values provided for diesel in railways and heavy duty road vehicles have been applied as a gap-filling proxy. Here, as the guidebook does not provide source-specific values for **PAHs**, respective values provided for diesel in railways and heavy duty road vehicles have been applied as a gap-filling proxy.
  
-__Table 4: Tier1 emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions__+__Table 6: Tier1 emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions__
 |                 |  **Pb**            |  **Cd**             |  **Hg**             |  **As**            |  **Cr**            |  **Cu**            |  **Ni**            |  **Se**            |  **Zn**            |  **B[a]P**        |  **B[b]F**          |  **B[k]F**        |  **I[...]p**      |  **PAH 1-4**        |  **PCBs**           |  **HCB**           |  **PCDD/F**        | |                 |  **Pb**            |  **Cd**             |  **Hg**             |  **As**            |  **Cr**            |  **Cu**            |  **Ni**            |  **Se**            |  **Zn**            |  **B[a]P**        |  **B[b]F**          |  **B[k]F**        |  **I[...]p**      |  **PAH 1-4**        |  **PCBs**           |  **HCB**           |  **PCDD/F**        |
 |                 |  [g/TJ]                                                                                                                                                                              |||||||||  [mg/TJ]                                                                                          |||||                                                             ||| |                 |  [g/TJ]                                                                                                                                                                              |||||||||  [mg/TJ]                                                                                          |||||                                                             |||
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 [(RENTZ2008>Rentz et al., 2008: Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, FKZ 205 67 444, UBA Texte | 01/2008, January 2008 - URL: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/publikationen/nationaler-durchfuehrungsplan-unter-stockholmer )] [(RENTZ2008>Rentz et al., 2008: Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, FKZ 205 67 444, UBA Texte | 01/2008, January 2008 - URL: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/publikationen/nationaler-durchfuehrungsplan-unter-stockholmer )]
 [(Wikipedia2023> Wikipedia, 2023: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emission_control_area )] [(Wikipedia2023> Wikipedia, 2023: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emission_control_area )]
 +[(IMO2014> IMO, 2014: https://arquivo.pt/wayback/20141223211746/http:/www.imo.org/OurWork/Environment/PollutionPrevention/AirPollution/Pages/Sulphur-oxides-(SOx)-%e2%80%93-Regulation-14.aspx )]