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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:start [2022/11/09 08:33] – [Table] kotzullasector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:start [2024/11/06 13:50] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 | 1.A.3.c        |  T1, T2                                                                           |||||  NS, M                                        |||||  CS, D, M                               ||||| | 1.A.3.c        |  T1, T2                                                                           |||||  NS, M                                        |||||  CS, D, M                               |||||
 ^                ^  NO<sub>x</sub>  ^  NMVOC  ^  SO<sub>2</sub>  ^  NH<sub>3</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  TSP  ^  BC   ^  CO   ^  PB   ^  Cd        ^  Hg   ^  Diox  ^  PAH  ^  HCB  ^ ^                ^  NO<sub>x</sub>  ^  NMVOC  ^  SO<sub>2</sub>  ^  NH<sub>3</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  TSP  ^  BC   ^  CO   ^  PB   ^  Cd        ^  Hg   ^  Diox  ^  PAH  ^  HCB  ^
-| Key Category:  |  -/T             |  -/-    |  -/-             |  -/-             |  L/-               |  L/-              |  L/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-       |  -/-  |  -/-   |  -/-  |  -/-  |+| Key Category:  |  -/-             |  -/-    |  -/-             |  -/-             |  L/-               |  L/-              |  L/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-       |  -/-  |  -/-   |  -/-  |  -/-  |
  
 {{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}}  {{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}} 
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 === Activity Data === === Activity Data ===
  
-Basically, total inland deliveries of //diesel oil// are available from the National Energy Balances (NEBs) (AGEB, 2021) [(AGEB2021)]. This data is based upon sales data of the Association of the German Petroleum Industry (MWV) [(MWV2021)]. As a recent revision of MWV data on diesel oil sales for the years 2005 to 2009 has not yet been adopted to the respective NEBs, this original MWV data has been used for this five years. +Basically, total inland deliveries of //diesel oil// are available from the National Energy Balances (NEBs) (AGEB, 2022) [(AGEB2022)]. This data is based upon sales data of the Association of the German Petroleum Industry (MWV) [(MWV2021)]. As a recent revision of MWV data on diesel oil sales for the years 2005 to 2009 has not yet been adopted to the respective NEBs, this original MWV data has been used for this five years. 
  
 Data on the consumption of biodiesel in railways is provided in the NEBs as well, from 2004 onward. But as the NEBs do not provide a solid time series regarding most recent years, the data used for the inventory is estimated based on the prescribed shares of biodiesel to be added to diesel oil.  Data on the consumption of biodiesel in railways is provided in the NEBs as well, from 2004 onward. But as the NEBs do not provide a solid time series regarding most recent years, the data used for the inventory is estimated based on the prescribed shares of biodiesel to be added to diesel oil. 
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 __Table 3: Annual transport performance, in Mio tkm (ton-kilometers)__ __Table 3: Annual transport performance, in Mio tkm (ton-kilometers)__
-|                        ^  1990    ^  1995    ^  2000    ^  2005    ^  2006    ^  2007    ^  2008    ^  2009    ^  2010    ^  2011    ^  2012    ^  2013    ^  2014    ^  2015    ^  2016    ^  2017    ^  2018    ^  2019    ^  2020    ^ +|               ^  1990    ^  1995    ^  2000    ^  2005    ^  2010    ^  2011    ^  2012    ^  2013    ^  2014    ^  2015    ^  2016    ^  2017    ^  2018    ^  2019    ^  2020    ^  2021    ^ 
-| **Diesel Traction**    |   98,812 |   58,805 |   37,237 |   26,540 |   25,570 |   22,664 |   31,750 |   27,734 |   26,702 |   27,403 |   26,791 |   23,768 |   23,734 |   21,397 |   21,484 |   21,365 |   19,580 |   18,058 |   16,917 | +| **Diesel**    |   98,812 |   58,805 |   37,237 |   26,540 |   26,702 |   27,403 |   26,791 |   23,768 |   23,734 |   21,397 |   21,484 |   21,484 |   21,365 |   19,580 |   18,058 |   16,917 | 
-| **Electric Traction**  |  361,515 |  337,853 |  361,633 |  356,605 |  375,707 |  379,554 |  377,767 |  336,581 |  344,546 |  342,701 |  350,085 |  335,298 |  331,235 |  323,387 |  295,798 |  296,280 |  288,336 |  281,130 |  262,268 | +| **Electric**  |  361,515 |  337,853 |  361,633 |  356,605 |  344,546 |  342,701 |  350,085 |  335,298 |  331,235 |  323,387 |  295,798 |  295,798 |  296,280 |  288,336 |  281,130 |  262,268 | 
-^ Ʃ 1.A.3.c              ^  460,326 ^  396,658 ^  398,870 ^  383,145 ^  401,277 ^  402,217 ^  409,516 ^  364,314 ^  371,248 ^  370,104 ^  376,876 ^  359,065 ^  354,970 ^  344,785 ^  317,282 ^  317,645 ^  307,916 ^  299,188 ^  279,184 ^+^ Ʃ 1.A.3.c     ^  460.326 ^  396.658 ^  398.870 ^  383.145 ^  371.248 ^  370.104 ^  376.876 ^  359.065 ^  354.970 ^  344.785 ^  317.282 ^  317.282 ^  317.645 ^  307.916 ^  299.188 ^  279.184 ^
  
-{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:1a3c_ad_liquid.png?700|Annual energy input from liquid fuels }} +{{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:1a3c_ad_liquid.png?700 |Annual energy input from liquid fuels }} 
-{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:1a3c_ad_solid.png?700|Annual energy input from solid fuels }}+{{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:1a3c_ad_solid.png?700 |Annual energy input from solid fuels }}
  
-Regarding particulate-matter and heavy-metal emissions from **abrasion and wear of contact line, braking systems, tyres on rails**, annual transport performances of railway vehicles with electrical and Diesel traction derived from Knörr et al. (2021a) [(KNOERR2021a)] are applied as activity data. +Regarding particulate-matter and heavy-metal emissions from **abrasion and wear of contact line, braking systems, tyres on rails**, annual transport performances of railway vehicles with electrical and Diesel traction derived from Knörr et al. (2022a) [(KNOERR2022a)] are applied as activity data. 
  
 ==== Emission factors ==== ==== Emission factors ====
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 __Table 3: Annual country-specific emission factors for diesel fuels<sup>1</sup>, in kg/TJ__ __Table 3: Annual country-specific emission factors for diesel fuels<sup>1</sup>, in kg/TJ__
-|                 ^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2011  ^  2012  ^  2013  ^  2014  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^ 2019  ^ 2020  ^ +|                 ^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2011  ^  2012  ^  2013  ^  2014  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^ 2019  ^ 2020  ^  2021  ^ 
-^ NH<sub>3</sub>  |   0.54 |   0.54 |   0.54 |   0.54 |   0.54 |   0.54 |   0.54 |   0.54 |   0.54 |   0.54 |   0.54 |   0.54 |   0.54 |  0.54 |  0.54 | +^ NH<sub>3</sub>  |   0.54 |   0.54 |   0.54 |   0.54 |   0.54 |   0.54 |   0.54 |   0.54 |   0.54 |   0.54 |   0.54 |   0.54 |   0.54 |  0.54 |  0.54 |   0.54 | 
-^ NMVOC           |    109 |    100 |   90.2 |   64.8 |   52.0 |   54.1 |   44.7 |   41.9 |   41.2 |   38.5 |   38.2 |   37.2 |   35.2 |  34.2 |  35.6 | +^ NMVOC           |    109 |    100 |   90.2 |   64.8 |   52.0 |   54.1 |   44.7 |   42.2 |   41.6 |   39.2 |   39.0 |   37.8 |   36.8 |  36.3 |  37.7 |   36.8 | 
-^ NO<sub>x</sub>  |  1,170 |  1,207 |  1,225 |  1,111 |    970 |    989 |    919 |    899 |    887 |    826 |    801 |    775 |    747 |   699 |   737 | +^ NO<sub>x</sub>  |   1170 |   1207 |   1225 |   1111 |    970 |    989 |    919 |    899 |    885 |    826 |    802 |    776 |    749 |   707 |   741 |    744 | 
-^ SO<sub>x</sub>  |    196 |   60.5 |   14.1 |   0.32 |   0.32 |   0.32 |   0.32 |   0.32 |   0.33 |   0.32 |   0.33 |   0.33 |   0.33 |  0.33 |  0.33 | +^ SO<sub>x</sub>  |    196 |   60.5 |   14.1 |   0.32 |   0.32 |   0.32 |   0.32 |   0.32 |   0.33 |   0.32 |   0.33 |   0.33 |   0.33 |  0.33 |  0.33 |   0.33 | 
-^ BC<sup>3</sup>  |   28.8 |   28.9 |   24.2 |   16.1 |   11.4 |   11.5 |   12.0 |   10.4 |    9.5 |   9.29 |   8.65 |   8.48 |   8.05 |  7.60 |  7.18 | +^ BC<sup>3</sup>  |   28.8 |   28.3 |   23.8 |   15.2 |   11.5 |   12.0 |   10.4 |    9.5 |    9.3 |   8.67 |   8.52 |   8.05 |   7.70 |  7.40 |  7.90 |   7.90 | 
-^ PM              |   44.4 |   43.6 |   36.6 |   23.4 |   17.7 |   18.4 |   16.0 |   14.6 |   14.3 |   13.3 |   13.1 |   12.4 |   11.7 |  11.0 |  11.8 | +^ PM              |   44.4 |   43.6 |   36.6 |   23.4 |   17.7 |   18.4 |   16.0 |   14.7 |   14.3 |   13.3 |   13.1 |   12.4 |   11.8 |  11.4 |  12.2 |   12.2 | 
-^ CO              |    287 |    292 |    255 |    162 |    121 |    121 |    105 |    101 |   98.8 |   94.6 |   93.3 |   92.6 |   88.5 |  87.0 |  87.2 |+^ CO              |    287 |    292 |    255 |    162 |    121 |    121 |    105 |    101 |   99.6 |   95.8 |   94.6 |   93.6 |   90.9 |  89.8 |  90.3 |   89.6 |
 <sup>1</sup> due to lack of better information: similar EF are applied for fossil diesel oil and biodiesel \\ <sup>1</sup> due to lack of better information: similar EF are applied for fossil diesel oil and biodiesel \\
 <sup>2</sup> EF(PM<sub>2.5</sub>) also applied for PM<sub>10</sub> and TSP (assumption: >99% of TSP consists of PM<sub>2.5</sub>)\\ <sup>2</sup> EF(PM<sub>2.5</sub>) also applied for PM<sub>10</sub> and TSP (assumption: >99% of TSP consists of PM<sub>2.5</sub>)\\
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 __Table 6: Outcome of Key Category Analysis__ __Table 6: Outcome of Key Category Analysis__
-|  for: ^  NO<sub>x</sub>  ^  TSP    ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^ +|  for: ^  TSP    ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^ 
-|   by: |  Trend           |  Level  |  L/-              |  L/-               |+|   by: |  Level  |  L/-              |  L/-               |
  
 Basically, for all unregulated pollutants, emission trends directly follow the trend in over-all fuel consumption. Basically, for all unregulated pollutants, emission trends directly follow the trend in over-all fuel consumption.
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 Therefore, for the **main pollutants**, **carbon monoxide**, **particulate matter** and **PAHs**, emission trends show remarkable jumps especially after 1995 that result from the significantly higher amounts of solid fuels used. Therefore, for the **main pollutants**, **carbon monoxide**, **particulate matter** and **PAHs**, emission trends show remarkable jumps especially after 1995 that result from the significantly higher amounts of solid fuels used.
  
-{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:1a3c_em_nh3.png?700|Annual ammonia emissions }} +{{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:1a3c_em_nh3.png?700 |Annual ammonia emissions }} 
-{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:1a3c_em_nox.png?700|Annual notrogen oxides emissions }}+{{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:1a3c_em_nox.png?700 |Annual notrogen oxides emissions }}
  
 For all fractions of **particulate matter**, the majority of emissions generally result from abrasion and wear and the combustion of diesel fuels. Additional jumps in the over-all trend result from the use of lignite briquettes (1996-2001). Here, as the EF(BC) for fuel combustion are estimated via fractions provided in [(EMEPEEA2019)], black carbon emissions follow the corresponding emissions of PM<sub>2.5</sub>.  For all fractions of **particulate matter**, the majority of emissions generally result from abrasion and wear and the combustion of diesel fuels. Additional jumps in the over-all trend result from the use of lignite briquettes (1996-2001). Here, as the EF(BC) for fuel combustion are estimated via fractions provided in [(EMEPEEA2019)], black carbon emissions follow the corresponding emissions of PM<sub>2.5</sub>. 
  
-{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:1a3c_em_pm.png?700|Annual particulate matter emissions }} +{{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:1a3c_em_pm.png?700 |Annual particulate matter emissions }} 
-{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:1a3c_em_pm10.png?700|Annual PM10 emissions }}+{{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:1a3c_em_pm10.png?700 |Annual PM10 emissions }}
  
 Due to fuel-sulphur legislation, the trend of **sulphur dioxide** emissions follows not only the trend in fuel consumption but also reflects the impact of regulated fuel-qualities. Due to fuel-sulphur legislation, the trend of **sulphur dioxide** emissions follows not only the trend in fuel consumption but also reflects the impact of regulated fuel-qualities.
 For the years as of 2005, sulphur emissions from diesel combustion have decreased so strongly, that the over-all trend shows a slight increase again due to the now dominating contribution of sulphur from the use of solid fuels. For the years as of 2005, sulphur emissions from diesel combustion have decreased so strongly, that the over-all trend shows a slight increase again due to the now dominating contribution of sulphur from the use of solid fuels.
  
-{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:1a3c_em_so2.png?700|Annual sulphur oxides emissions }}+{{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:1a3c_em_so2.png?700 |Annual sulphur oxides emissions }}
  
 Regarding **heavy metals**, emissions from combustion of diesel oil and from abrasion and wear are estimated from tier1 default emission factors.  Regarding **heavy metals**, emissions from combustion of diesel oil and from abrasion and wear are estimated from tier1 default emission factors. 
 Therefore, the emission trends reflect the development of diesel use and - for copper, chromium and nickel emissions resulting from the abrasion & wear of contact line and braking systems - the annual transport performance (see description of activity data above). Therefore, the emission trends reflect the development of diesel use and - for copper, chromium and nickel emissions resulting from the abrasion & wear of contact line and braking systems - the annual transport performance (see description of activity data above).
  
-{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:1a3c_em_cu.png?700|Annual copper emissions }}+{{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:1a3c_em_cu.png?700 |Annual copper emissions }}
  
 \\ \\
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 ===== Recalculations ===== ===== Recalculations =====
  
-Given the revised NEB 2019, both the **activity data** for diesel oil and the annual amounts of blended biodiesel were revised accordingly. +Given the revised NEB 2020, both the **activity data** for diesel oil and the annual amounts of blended biodiesel were revised accordingly.
-In addition, the amounts of solid fuels used in steam locomotives has been revised widely based on a study carried out in 2021.+
  
-__Table 5: Revised fuel consumption, in terajoule__ +__Table 5: Revised fuel consumption data 2020, in terajoule__ 
-|                                ^  1990   ^  1995   ^  2000   ^  2005   ^  2006   ^  2007   ^  2008   ^  2009   ^  2010   ^  2011   ^  2012   ^  2013   ^  2014   ^  2015   ^  2016   ^  2017   ^  2018   ^  2019   ^ +|                      ^  DIESEL OIL  ^  BIODIESEL  ^  SOLID FUELS  ^  ∑       ^ 
-| **DIESEL OIL**                                                                                                                                                                                   ||||||||||||||||||| +^ current submission   |  10,782      |  896        |  308          |  11,985  | 
-^ Submission 2022                |  38,458 |  31,054 |  25,410 |  18,142 |  17,101 |  16,730 |  16,389 |  14,336 |  14,626 |  14,730 |  13,514 |  13,771 |  12,283 |  13,321 |  13,775 |  11,344 |   9,425 |  10,747 | +^ previous submission  |  10,145      |  843        |  308          |  11,295  | 
-^ Submission 2021                |  38,458 |  31,054 |  25,410 |  18,142 |  17,101 |  16,730 |  16,389 |  14,336 |  14,626 |  14,730 |  13,514 |  13,771 |  12,283 |  13,321 |  13,775 |  11,344 |   9,425 |   9,531 | +^ absolute change      |  637         |  52.9       |  0            |  690     | 
-^ absolute change                |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |   -0.10 |    0.00 |   1,216 | +^ relative change      |  6.28%       |  6.27%      |  0.00%        |  6.11%   |
-^ relative change                |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   12.8% | +
-| **BIODIESEL**                                                                                                                                                                                    ||||||||||||||||||| +
-^ Submission 2022                |  NO     |  NO     |  NO     |     401 |     503 |     754 |     817 |     996 |     957 |     974 |     890 |     804 |     751 |     727 |     729 |     606 |     548 |     612 | +
-^ Submission 2021                |  NO     |  NO     |  NO     |     401 |     503 |     754 |     817 |     996 |     957 |     974 |     890 |     804 |     751 |     727 |     729 |     606 |     548 |     543 | +
-^ absolute change                |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    69.4 | +
-^ relative change                |         |         |         |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   12.8% | +
-| **SOLID FUELS**                                                                                                                                                                                  ||||||||||||||||||| +
-^ Submission 2022                |   2,776 |   1,627 |     655 |     283 |     289 |     278 |     323 |     342 |     332 |     368 |     379 |     372 |     360 |     352 |     363 |     368 |     367 |     363 | +
-^ Submission 2021                |     576 |     336 |     682 |     256 |     263 |     256 |     301 |     322 |     315 |     346 |     357 |     353 |     342 |     340 |     341 |     341 |     341 |     341 | +
-^ absolute change                |   2,200 |   1,291 |   -26.9 |    27.1 |    25.6 |    22.5 |    21.6 |    20.7 |    16.8 |    22.3 |    21.6 |    19.1 |    18.2 |    11.7 |    22.1 |    27.6 |    26.0 |    22.6 | +
-^ relative change                |    382% |    384% |  -3.94% |   10.6% |   9.73% |   8.82% |   7.19% |   6.44% |   5.33% |   6.45% |   6.04% |   5.41% |   5.32% |   3.43% |   6.49% |   8.10% |   7.64% |   6.62% | +
-| **over-all fuel consumption**                                                                                                                                                                    ||||||||||||||||||| +
-^ Submission 2022                |  41,234 |  32,681 |  26,065 |  18,826 |  17,893 |  17,762 |  17,529 |  15,675 |  15,915 |  16,073 |  14,783 |  14,947 |  13,395 |  14,400 |  14,867 |  12,318 |  10,340 |  11,722 | +
-^ Submission 2021                |  39,034 |  31,390 |  26,092 |  18,799 |  17,867 |  17,740 |  17,507 |  15,655 |  15,898 |  16,050 |  14,761 |  14,928 |  13,376 |  14,388 |  14,845 |  12,290 |  10,314 |  10,414 | +
-^ absolute change                |   2,200 |   1,291 |   -26.9 |    27.1 |    25.6 |    22.5 |    21.6 |    20.7 |    16.8 |    22.3 |    21.6 |    19.1 |    18.2 |    11.7 |    22.1 |    27.5 |    26.0 |   1,308 | +
-^ relative change                |   5.64% |   4.11% |  -0.10% |   0.14% |   0.14% |   0.13% |   0.12% |   0.13% |   0.11% |   0.14% |   0.15% |   0.13% |   0.14% |   0.08% |   0.15% |   0.22% |   0.25% |   12.6% |+
  
-Due to the routine revision of the TREMOD model [(KNOERR2021a)], tier2 **emission factors** changed for recent years.  +Due to the routine revision of the TREMOD model [(KNOERR2022a)], tier2 **emission factors** changed for recent years. 
-Here, the revision results mainly from the consideration of revised NCvs for diesel oil as provided by the AGEB.+
  
 __Table 6: Revised country-specific emission factors for diesel fuels, in kg/TJ__ __Table 6: Revised country-specific emission factors for diesel fuels, in kg/TJ__
-|                                                                         ^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2006  ^  2007  ^  2008  ^  2009   ^  2010   ^  2011   ^  2012   ^  2013   ^  2014   ^  2015   ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018   ^  2019   ^ +|                                                                         ^  1990  ^  1995   ^  2000   ^  2005   ^  2010  ^  2011  ^  2012   ^  2013   ^  2014   ^  2015   ^  2016   ^  2017   ^  2018   ^  2019   ^  2020   ^ 
-| **Non-methane volatile organic compounds - NMVOC**                                                                                                                                                                               ||||||||||||||||||| +| **Non-methane volatile organic compounds - NMVOC**                                                                                                                                                          |||||||||||||||| 
-^ Submission 2020                                                         |    109 |    100 |   90.2 |   64.8 |   61.8 |   57.3 |   55.6 |    51.2 |    52.0 |    54.1 |    44.7 |    41.9 |    41.2 |    38.5 |   38.2 |   37.2 |    35.2 |    34.2 | +^ current submission                                                      |    109 |     100 |    90.2 |    64.8 |   52.0 |   54.1 |    44.7 |    42.2 |    41.6 |    39.2 |    39.0 |    37.8 |    36.8 |    36.3 |    37.7 | 
-^ Submission 2019                                                         |    109 |    100 |   90.2 |   64.8 |   61.8 |   57.3 |   55.6 |    51.2 |    52.0 |    54.3 |    44.8 |    41.9 |    41.2 |    38.5 |   38.2 |   37.2 |    35.2 |    35.0 | +^ previous submission                                                     |    109 |     100 |    90.2 |    64.8 |   52.0 |   54.1 |    44.7 |    41.9 |    41.2 |    38.5 |    38.2 |    37.2 |    35.2 |    34.2 |    35.6 | 
-^ absolute change                                                         |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |   -0.16 |   -0.10 |   -0.09 |   -0.04 |   -0.06 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   -0.01 |   -0.86 | +^ absolute change                                                         |   0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |    0.00 |    0.34 |    0.49 |    0.68 |    0.78 |    0.58 |    1.55 |    2.11 |    2.15 | 
-^ relative change                                                         |  0.00% |  0.00% |  0.00% |  0.00% |  0.00% |  0.00% |  0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |  -0.30% |  -0.22% |  -0.21% |  -0.10% |  -0.15% |  0.00% |  0.00% |  -0.01% |  -2.45% | +^ relative change                                                         |  0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |  0.00% |  0.00% |   0.00% |   0.82% |   1.18% |   1.76% |   2.03% |   1.56% |   4.42% |   6.19% |   6.04% | 
-| **Nitrogen oxides - NO<sub>x</sub>**                                                                                                                                                                                             ||||||||||||||||||| +| **Nitrogen oxides - NO<sub>x</sub>**                                                                                                                                                                        |||||||||||||||| 
-^ Submission 2020                                                         |  1.170 |  1.207 |  1.225 |  1.111 |  1.058 |  1.028 |  1.010 |     991 |     970 |     989 |     919 |     899 |     887 |     826 |    801 |    775 |     747 |     699 | +^ current submission                                                      |  1.170 |   1.207 |   1.225 |   1.111 |    970 |    989 |     919 |     899 |     885 |     826 |     802 |     776 |     749 |     707 |     741 | 
-^ Submission 2019                                                         |  1.170 |  1.207 |  1.225 |  1.111 |  1.058 |  1.028 |  1.010 |     991 |     970 |     990 |     919 |     899 |     886 |     826 |    801 |    775 |     747 |     724 | +^ previous submission                                                     |  1.170 |   1.207 |   1.225 |   1.111 |    970 |    989 |     919 |     899 |     887 |     826 |     801 |     775 |     747 |     699 |     737 | 
-^ absolute change                                                         |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |   -0.72 |   -0.12 |    0.09 |    0.11 |    0.01 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   -0.02 |  -24.43 | +^ absolute change                                                         |   0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |    0.00 |   -0.34 |   -1.32 |   -0.12 |    0.99 |    0.60 |    2.82 |    7.51 |    4.15 | 
-^ relative change                                                         |  0.00% |  0.00% |  0.00% |  0.00% |  0.00% |  0.00% |  0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |  -0.07% |  -0.01% |   0.01% |   0.01% |   0.00% |  0.00% |  0.00% |   0.00% |  -3.38% | +^ relative change                                                         |  0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |  0.00% |  0.00% |   0.00% |  -0.04% |  -0.15% |  -0.01% |   0.12% |   0.08% |   0.38% |   1.07% |   0.56% | 
-| **Black carbon - BC**                                                                                                                                                                                                            ||||||||||||||||||| +| **Black carbon - BC**                                                                                                                                                                                       |||||||||||||||| 
-^ Submission 2020                                                         |   28.8 |   28.9 |   24.2 |   16.1 |   15.2 |   14.5 |   13.6 |    12.7 |    11.4 |    11.5 |    12.0 |    10.4 |     9.5 |    9.29 |   8.65 |   8.48 |    8.05 |    7.60 | +^ current submission                                                      |   28.8 |    28.3 |    23.8 |    15.2 |   11.5 |   12.0 |    10.4 |     9.5 |     9.3 |    8.67 |    8.52 |    8.05 |    7.70 |    7.40 |    7.90 | 
-^ Submission 2019                                                         |   28.8 |   28.3 |   23.8 |   15.2 |   14.5 |   13.6 |   12.7 |    11.4 |    11.5 |    12.0 |    10.4 |     9.5 |     9.3 |    8.65 |   8.48 |   8.05 |    7.60 |    7.27 | +^ previous submission                                                     |   28.8 |    28.9 |    24.2 |    16.1 |   11.4 |   11.5 |    12.0 |    10.4 |     9.5 |    9.29 |    8.65 |    8.48 |    8.05 |    7.60 |    7.18 | 
-^ absolute change                                                         |   0.00 |   0.62 |   0.44 |   0.91 |   0.68 |   0.97 |   0.88 |    1.27 |   -0.09 |   -0.52 |    1.60 |    0.86 |    0.22 |    0.64 |   0.16 |   0.43 |    0.45 |    0.33 | +^ absolute change                                                         |   0.00 |   -0.62 |   -0.44 |   -0.91 |   0.09 |   0.49 |   -1.62 |   -0.83 |   -0.20 |   -0.61 |   -0.12 |   -0.44 |   -0.35 |   -0.20 |    0.72 | 
-^ relative change                                                         |  0.00% |  2.20% |  1.84% |  5.99% |  4.66% |  7.18% |  6.91% |  11.13% |  -0.78% |  -4.31% |  15.41% |   9.01% |   2.38% |   7.39% |  1.89% |  5.40% |   5.92% |   4.55% | +^ relative change                                                         |  0.00% |  -2.15% |  -1.80% |  -5.65% |  0.78% |  4.27% |  -13.5% |  -8.04% |  -2.12% |  -6.61% |  -1.40% |  -5.13% |  -4.37% |  -2.57% |  10.04% | 
-| **Particulate matter - PM** (PM<sub>2.5</sub> = PM<sub>10</sub> = TSP)                                                                                                                                                           ||||||||||||||||||| +| **Particulate matter - PM** (PM<sub>2.5</sub> = PM<sub>10</sub> = TSP)                                                                                                                                      |||||||||||||||| 
-^ Submission 2020                                                         |   44.4 |   43.6 |   36.6 |   23.4 |   22.4 |   20.9 |   19.5 |    17.6 |    17.7 |    18.4 |    16.0 |    14.6 |    14.3 |    13.3 |   13.1 |   12.4 |    11.7 |    11.0 | +^ current submission                                                      |   44.4 |    43.6 |    36.6 |    23.4 |   17.7 |   18.4 |    16.0 |    14.7 |    14.3 |    13.3 |    13.1 |    12.4 |    11.8 |    11.4 |    12.2 | 
-^ Submission 2019                                                         |   44.4 |   43.6 |   36.6 |   23.4 |   22.4 |   20.9 |   19.5 |    17.6 |    17.7 |    18.5 |    16.0 |    14.6 |    14.3 |    13.3 |   13.1 |   12.4 |    11.7 |    11.2 | +^ previous submission                                                     |   44.4 |    43.6 |    36.6 |    23.4 |   17.7 |   18.4 |    16.0 |    14.6 |    14.3 |    13.3 |    13.1 |    12.4 |    11.7 |    11.0 |    11.8 | 
-^ absolute change                                                         |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |   -0.04 |   -0.02 |   -0.01 |    0.00 |    0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |    0.00 |   -0.14 | +^ absolute change                                                         |   0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |    0.00 |    0.05 |    0.03 |    0.04 |    0.06 |    0.00 |    0.15 |    0.34 |    0.35 | 
-^ relative change                                                         |  0.00% |  0.00% |  0.00% |  0.00% |  0.00% |  0.00% |  0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |  -0.22% |  -0.14% |  -0.09% |  -0.02% |  -0.03% |  0.00% |  0.00% |   0.00% |  -1.21% | +^ relative change                                                         |  0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |  0.00% |  0.00% |   0.00% |   0.33% |   0.23% |   0.32% |   0.46% |   0.00% |   1.29% |   3.10% |   2.96% | 
-| **Carbon monoxide - CO**                                                                                                                                                                                                         ||||||||||||||||||| +| **Carbon monoxide - CO**                                                                                                                                                                                    |||||||||||||||| 
-^ Submission 2020                                                         |    287 |    292 |    255 |    162 |    152 |    141 |    134 |     123 |     121 |     121 |     105 |     101 |      99 |    94.6 |   93.3 |   92.6 |    88.5 |    87.0 | +^ current submission                                                      |    287 |     292 |     255 |     162 |    121 |    121 |     105 |     101 |     100 |    95.8 |    94.6 |    93.6 |    90.9 |    89.8 |    90.3 | 
-^ Submission 2019                                                         |    287 |    292 |    255 |    162 |    152 |    141 |    134 |     123 |     121 |     121 |     105 |     101 |      99 |    94.7 |   93.3 |   92.6 |    88.5 |    88.2 | +^ previous submission                                                     |    287 |     292 |     255 |     162 |    121 |    121 |     105 |     101 |      99 |    94.6 |    93.3 |    92.6 |    88.5 |    87.0 |    87.2 | 
-^ absolute change                                                         |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |   -0.26 |   -0.13 |   -0.14 |   -0.06 |   -0.10 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   -0.01 |   -1.18 | +^ absolute change                                                         |   0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |    0.00 |    0.52 |    0.78 |    1.16 |    1.34 |    1.08 |    2.43 |    2.80 |    3.04 | 
-^ relative change                                                         |  0.00% |  0.00% |  0.00% |  0.00% |  0.00% |  0.00% |  0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |  -0.22% |  -0.13% |  -0.14% |  -0.06% |  -0.11% |  0.00% |  0.00% |  -0.02% |  -1.34% |+^ relative change                                                         |  0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |  0.00% |  0.00% |   0.00% |   0.52% |   0.79% |   1.23% |   1.43% |   1.17% |   2.75% |   3.22% |   3.49% |
  
-Furthermore, the use of wood in historic steam locomotives has been taken into account and resulting **emissions of HCB and PCBs are reported for the  first time**. 
  
 +Furthermore, the transport performance data as activity data for the estimation of abrasive emissions from current line, wheels and brakes have been revised for more recent years:
 +
 +__Table 7: Revised transport performance data, in [Mio km]__
 +|                      ^  2015     ^  2016     ^  2017     ^  2018     ^  2019     ^  2020     ^
 +^ current submission   |  344.785  |  317.282  |  317.282  |  317.645  |  307.916  |  299.188  |
 +^ previous submission  |  344.785  |  317.282  |  317.645  |  307.916  |  299.188  |  279.184  |
 +^ absolute change      |  0,00     |  0,00     |  -363     |  9.729    |  8.728    |  20.003   |
 +^ relative change      |  0,00%    |  0,00%    |  -0,11%   |  3,16%    |  2,92%    |  7,16%    |
 +
 +Abrasive particulate matter and heavy metal emissions were revised accordingly. 
  
 <WRAP center round info 65%> <WRAP center round info 65%>
-For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019**, please see the recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]].+For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2020**, please see the recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]].
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
Line 228: Line 219:
 The EF provided in the 2019 EMEP/EEA Guidebook [(EMEPEEA2019)] represent summatory values for (i) the fuel's and (ii) the lubricant's heavy-metal content as well as (iii) engine wear. Here, there might be no heavy metals contained in the biofuels. But since the specific shares of (i), (ii) and (iii) cannot be separated, and since the contributions of lubricant and engine wear might be dominant, the same emission factors are applied to biodiesel. The EF provided in the 2019 EMEP/EEA Guidebook [(EMEPEEA2019)] represent summatory values for (i) the fuel's and (ii) the lubricant's heavy-metal content as well as (iii) engine wear. Here, there might be no heavy metals contained in the biofuels. But since the specific shares of (i), (ii) and (iii) cannot be separated, and since the contributions of lubricant and engine wear might be dominant, the same emission factors are applied to biodiesel.
  
-[(AGEB2021> AGEB (2021): Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; URL: https://ag-energiebilanzen.de/7-0-Bilanzen-1990-2019.html, Köln & Berlin, 2021.)]+[(KNOERR2022a> Knörr et al. (2021a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: Energieverbrauch und Schadstoffemissionen des motorisierten Verkehrs in Deutschland 1960-2035, sowie TREMOD, im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, Heidelberg [u.a.]: Ifeu Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH, Heidelberg & Berlin, 2022. )] 
 +[(AGEB2022>AGEB, 2022: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; https://ag-energiebilanzen.de/daten-und-fakten/bilanzen-1990-bis-2020/?wpv-jahresbereich-bilanz=2011-2020, (Aufruf: 23.11.2022), Köln & Berlin, 2022)] 
 +[(BAFA2022>BAFA, 2022: Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle, BAFA): Amtliche Mineralöldaten für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; 
 +https://www.bafa.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Energie/Mineraloel/moel_amtliche_daten_2021_12.xlsx;jsessionid=80E1FD32B36918F682608C03FDE79257.1_cid381?__blob=publicationFile&v=5, Eschborn, 2022.)]
 [(MWV2021> MWV (2021): Association of the German Petroleum Industry (Mineralölwirtschaftsverband, MWV): Annual Report 2018, page 65, Table 'Sektoraler Verbrauch von Dieselkraftstoff 2012-2019'; URL: https://www.mwv.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/MWV_Mineraloelwirtschaftsverband-e.V.-Jahresbericht-2020-Webversion.pdf, Berlin, 2021.)] [(MWV2021> MWV (2021): Association of the German Petroleum Industry (Mineralölwirtschaftsverband, MWV): Annual Report 2018, page 65, Table 'Sektoraler Verbrauch von Dieselkraftstoff 2012-2019'; URL: https://www.mwv.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/MWV_Mineraloelwirtschaftsverband-e.V.-Jahresbericht-2020-Webversion.pdf, Berlin, 2021.)]
 [(HEDEL2012> Hedel, R., & Kunze, J. (2012): Recherche des jährlichen Kohleeinsatzes in historischen Schienenfahrzeugen seit 1990. Probst & Consorten Marketing-Beratung. Dresden, 2012.)] [(HEDEL2012> Hedel, R., & Kunze, J. (2012): Recherche des jährlichen Kohleeinsatzes in historischen Schienenfahrzeugen seit 1990. Probst & Consorten Marketing-Beratung. Dresden, 2012.)]
 [(ILLICHMANN2016>  Illichmann, S. (2016): Recherche des Festbrennstoffeinsatzes historischer Schienenfahrzeuge in Deutschland 2015, Probst & Consorten Marketing-Beratung. Study carried out for UBA; FKZ 363 01 392; not yet published; Dresden, 2016.)] [(ILLICHMANN2016>  Illichmann, S. (2016): Recherche des Festbrennstoffeinsatzes historischer Schienenfahrzeuge in Deutschland 2015, Probst & Consorten Marketing-Beratung. Study carried out for UBA; FKZ 363 01 392; not yet published; Dresden, 2016.)]
 [(HASENBALG2021>  Hasenbalg (2021): Recherche des Festbrennstoffeinsatzes historischer Schienenfahrzeuge in Deutschland 2019 & 2020, Probst & Consorten Marketing-Beratung. Study carried out for UBA; FKZ 363 01 392; not yet published; Dresden, 2021.)] [(HASENBALG2021>  Hasenbalg (2021): Recherche des Festbrennstoffeinsatzes historischer Schienenfahrzeuge in Deutschland 2019 & 2020, Probst & Consorten Marketing-Beratung. Study carried out for UBA; FKZ 363 01 392; not yet published; Dresden, 2021.)]
-[(KNOERR2021a> Knörr et al. (2021a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: Energieverbrauch und Schadstoffemissionen des motorisierten Verkehrs in Deutschland 1960-2035, sowie TREMOD, im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, Heidelberg & Berlin, 2021. )] 
 [(EMEPEEA2019> EMEP/EEA (2019): EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/1-energy/1-a-combustion/1-a-3-c-railways/view; Copenhagen, 2019.)] [(EMEPEEA2019> EMEP/EEA (2019): EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/1-energy/1-a-combustion/1-a-3-c-railways/view; Copenhagen, 2019.)]
 [(RENTZ2008> Rentz et al. (2008): Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, FKZ 205 67 444, UBA Texte | 01/2008, January 2008 - URL: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/publikationen/nationaler-durchfuehrungsplan-unter-stockholmer )] [(RENTZ2008> Rentz et al. (2008): Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, FKZ 205 67 444, UBA Texte | 01/2008, January 2008 - URL: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/publikationen/nationaler-durchfuehrungsplan-unter-stockholmer )]
 [(KNOERR2009> Knörr et al. (2009): Knörr, W., Heldstab, J., & Kasser, F.: Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland; final report; URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/461/publikationen/3937.pdf, FKZ 360 16 023, Heidelberg & Zürich, 2009.)] [(KNOERR2009> Knörr et al. (2009): Knörr, W., Heldstab, J., & Kasser, F.: Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland; final report; URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/461/publikationen/3937.pdf, FKZ 360 16 023, Heidelberg & Zürich, 2009.)]