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1.A.3.b v - Gasoline Evaporation

Short description

In category 1.A.3.b v - Road Transport: Gasoline evaporation fugitive emissions from the evaporation of gasoline from road vehicles are reported.

Category Code Method AD EF
1.A.3.b v T2 NS, M CS, M
NOx NMVOC SO2 NH3 PM2.5 PM10 TSP BC CO Pb Cd Hg Diox PAH HCB
Key Category: - L/T - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Methodology

Activity data

Specific data for gasoline evaporation from road vehicles are generated within TREMOD 1). - The following table provides an overview of annual amounts of gasoline evaported from road vehicles in Germany.

Table 1: Annual amount of gasoline evaporated from road vehicles, in kilotonnes

1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
PCs 10,926 9,239 8,537 7,512 7,075 6,691 6,379 6,324 6,169 6,081 5,770 5,720 5,713 5,495 5,491 5,598 5,313 5,328 4,901 4,807
LDVs 213 203 182 113 100 90 76 68 62.0 56.1 50.7 47.6 51.2 53.0 57.5 64.0 69.4 76.6 77.4 83.3
Mopeds 50.2 42.2 43.9 48.0 48.5 52.6 55.0 62.9 59.0 57.8 54.9 56.7 56.9 59.6 59.6 58.7 58.2 59.0 62.3 56.5
Motorcycles 105 97.0 204 220 211 201 187 171 156 144 132 125 131 137 139 144 136 139 145 129
Ʃ 1.A.3.b v 11,283 9,581 8,967 7,894 7,435 7,035 6,697 6,626 6,446 6,339 6,008 5,949 5,952 5,745 5,748 5,864 5,576 5,602 5,186 5,076

source: TREMOD

(Implied) Emission factors

Tier3 emission factors representing the effect of mitigation technologies are derived from TREMOD.

Table 2: Overview of implied emission factors per vehcile type, in kg/t

Mitigation 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
PCs Euro_1_I 0.18 1.25 1.82 2.30 2.85 3.00 3.08 3.19 3.27 3.39 3.45 3.48 3.61 3.69 3.97 4.42
Euro_2_II 1.47 1.95 2.42 2.99 3.18 3.35 3.55 3.75 4.02 4.23 4.42 4.73 4.98 5.45 6.09
Euro_3_III 1.93 2.41 2.85 3.00 3.14 3.29 3.43 3.64 3.80 3.94 4.19 4.39 4.84 5.42
Euro_4_IV 1.67 1.91 2.11 2.24 2.36 2.49 2.61 2.77 2.89 2.99 3.17 3.31 3.66 4.11
Euro_5_V 1.81 1.87 1.95 2.04 2.11 2.25 2.38 2.50 2.69 2.83 3.18 3.60
Euro_6ab_VI 1.99 1.82 1.77 1.70 1.74 1.79 1.84 1.88 1.98 2.10 2.42 2.81
Euro_6c_VI 1.85 1.91 1.88 1.86 1.65 1.71 1.97 2.32
Euro_6d_temp_VI 1.58 1.59 1.63 1.88 2.21
Euro_6d_VI 3.22 1.57 1.96 2.27
pre-Euro 23.6 30.5 33.9 33.5 34.9 35.4 35.5 35.8 36.0 36.8 36.9 36.8 37.4 37.6 38.8 32.6
LDVs Euro_1_I 0.68 0.96 1.42 2.26 2.54 2.70 2.94 2.89 2.88 2.78 2.66 2.56 2.50 2.57 2.56
Euro_2_II 0.75 1.13 1.96 2.24 2.42 2.69 2.68 2.72 2.67 2.60 2.55 2.55 2.68 2.73
Euro_3_III 0.87 1.62 1.89 1.96 2.20 2.24 2.32 2.31 2.30 2.31 2.36 2.56 2.69
Euro_4_IV 0.69 1.17 1.33 1.56 1.79 1.84 1.93 1.96 2.00 2.05 2.14 2.37 2.56
Euro_5_V 0.97 0.97 0.98 1.09 1.08 1.09 1.11 1.16 1.23 1.32 1.51 1.67
Euro_6ab_VI 5.13 5.90 0.95 0.74 0.75 0.73 0.71 0.69 0.71 0.80 0.91
Euro_6c_VI 0.22 0.20 0.17 0.60 0.63 0.68 0.75
Euro_6d_temp_VI 0.50 0.53 0.60 0.67
Euro_6d_VI 10.53 12.72 13.79 13.96 13.76 13.40 12.91 2.70 1.31
pre-Euro 20.5 17.1 17.1 17.6 20.3 21.6 22.1 23.1 22.3 21.7 20.4 19.3 18.5 18.0 18.2 15.7
Mopeds Euro_1_I 16.6 15.0 14.6 14.9 15.2 15.4 15.8 16.0 16.4 17.0 17.1 17.3 17.3 19.5
Euro_2_II 13.2 11.6 11.7 11.3 11.2 11.2 11.3 11.3 11.5 11.5 11.7 11.8 13.4
Euro_4_IV 9.34 9.26 9.17 10.20
Euro_5_V 9.72
pre-Euro 37.4 19.2 19.9 18.0 17.4 17.7 17.9 18.0 18.2 18.1 18.3 18.8 18.8 18.8 18.7 20.9
Motorcycles Euro_1_I 14.2 14.0 18.8 21.0 23.0 25.5 25.9 25.7 26.7 27.2 28.3 28.3 29.0 33.7
Euro_2_II 11.0 15.3 17.1 18.8 21.0 21.3 21.3 22.2 22.7 23.7 23.9 24.6 29.1
Euro_3_III 10.7 11.0 12.3 13.3 14.6 14.6 14.3 14.6 14.8 15.6 15.7 16.3 19.4
Euro_4_IV 14.0 14.6 15.2 15.8 15.7 16.2 19.0
Euro_5_V 18.9
pre-Euro 23.3 24.8 16.6 17.6 23.4 26.0 28.4 31.3 31.6 31.0 31.9 32.1 33.0 32.6 32.9 37.8

Table 3: Outcome of Key Category Analysis

for: NMVOC
by: Level & Trend

NFR 1.A.3.b v is key source for emissions of Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds - NMVOC. (fugitive emissions only; no NMVOC emissions from fuel combustion included)

Since its maximum level of over 11,000 kilotonnes in 1990, the amount of evaporated gasoline is decreasing - and so are the related NMVOC emissions. The amounts of evaporated gasoline are connected directly with those of gasoline consumed. Here, the decrease becomes sharper from 2000 onwards following a growing switch from gasoline to diesel oil especially in passenger cars. Here, the annual amounts of NMVOC emissions from evaporation not only depend directly on the amount of evaporated gasoline but also on the number of vehicles equipped with mitigation technologies. Thus, the decrease is sharpest straight after 1990 and since then slowing down.

Recalculations

Activity data have been revised for all years.

Table 4: Revised annual amounts of evaporated gasoline, in kilotonnes

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
current submission 11,294 9,581 8,967 7,894 6,446 6,339 6,008 5,949 5,952 5,745 5,748 5,864 5,576 5,602 5,186
previous submission 11,239 9,521 8,928 7,871 6,440 6,335 6,006 5,948 5,951 5,745 5,748 5,865 5,577 5,601 5,187
absolute change 55.8 60.5 38.9 22.4 5.44 4.50 2.49 1.06 0.77 0.15 0.00 -0.63 -0.18 0.87 -1.61
relative change 0.50% 0.64% 0.44% 0.28% 0.08% 0.07% 0.04% 0.02% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% -0.01% 0.00% 0.02% -0.03%

In addition, the NMVOC emission factors applied were revised for several years.

As a result, NMVOC emissions from gasoline evaporation were re-estimated as follows:

Table 5: Re-estimated NMVOC emissions, in kilotonnes

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
current submission 213 123 56.7 31.1 22.0 22.2 21.3 21.7 22.1 22.1 22.5 23.1 22.5 22.7 22.7
previous submission 201 116 52.9 28.6 19.9 20.0 19.3 19.6 20.0 19.9 20.2 20.7 20.1 22.2 22.8
absolute change 11.7 6.74 3.74 2.50 2.14 2.14 2.08 2.09 2.09 2.28 2.29 2.34 2.32 0.50 -0.08
relative change 5.79% 5.82% 7.07% 8.75% 10.79% 10.70% 10.81% 10.65% 10.46% 11.47% 11.33% 11.27% 11.53% 2.23% -0.37%

For pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2020, please see the recalculation tables following chapter 8.1 - Recalculations.

Planned improvements

Besides a routine revision of the underlying model, no specific improvements are planned.

1) Knörr et al. (2022a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: Energieverbrauch und Schadstoffemissionen des motorisierten Verkehrs in Deutschland 1960-2035, sowie TREMOD, im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, Heidelberg & Berlin, 2022.