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appendices:appendix2.3-hm-from-mobile-sources [2021/04/14 23:26] – [Railways] kotzullaappendices:appendix2.3-hm-from-mobile-sources [2024/11/06 14:56] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 For heavy-metal exhaust emissions (other then lead from leaded gasoline), tier1 values have been derived from tier1 default values provided in the 2019 EMEP/EEA Guidebook. For heavy-metal exhaust emissions (other then lead from leaded gasoline), tier1 values have been derived from tier1 default values provided in the 2019 EMEP/EEA Guidebook.
  
-__Table 1: Tier1 default emisison factors applied to road vehicles, in [g/TJ]__+__Table 1: Tier1 default emisison factors applied to road vehicles, in g/TJ__
 |                        ^  **Pb**  ^  **Cd**  ^  **Hg**  ^  **As**  ^  **Cr**  ^  **Cu**  ^  **Ni**  ^  **Se**  ^  **Zn**  ^ |                        ^  **Pb**  ^  **Cd**  ^  **Hg**  ^  **As**  ^  **Cr**  ^  **Cu**  ^  **Ni**  ^  **Se**  ^  **Zn**  ^
 ^ Diesel oil             |  0.012   |  0.001   |  0.123   |  0.002   |  0.198   |  0.133   |  0.005   |  0.002   |  0.419   | ^ Diesel oil             |  0.012   |  0.001   |  0.123   |  0.002   |  0.198   |  0.133   |  0.005   |  0.002   |  0.419   |
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 //(Note: Until submission 2017, the EMEP/EEA default EFs provided for NRMM were used in the German inventory. As these EFs do not differentiate between fuel combustion and lubricant co-incineration, the inventory compiler decided to apply the more specific EFs from road transport to NRMM in 1.A.2.g vii, 1.A.4.a ii, b ii and c ii and 1.A.5.b, too. This country-specific approach has been discussed and accepted at both the 2018 TFEIP meeting and the 2018 NEC review.)// //(Note: Until submission 2017, the EMEP/EEA default EFs provided for NRMM were used in the German inventory. As these EFs do not differentiate between fuel combustion and lubricant co-incineration, the inventory compiler decided to apply the more specific EFs from road transport to NRMM in 1.A.2.g vii, 1.A.4.a ii, b ii and c ii and 1.A.5.b, too. This country-specific approach has been discussed and accepted at both the 2018 TFEIP meeting and the 2018 NEC review.)//
  
-__Table 2: Tier1 default emission factors applied to NRMM, in [g/TJ__+__Table 2: Tier1 default emission factors applied to NRMM, in g/TJ__
 |                                        ^  **Pb**  ^  **Cd**  ^  **Hg**  ^  **As**  ^  **Cr**  ^  **Cu**  ^  **Ni**  ^  **Se**  ^  **Zn**  ^ |                                        ^  **Pb**  ^  **Cd**  ^  **Hg**  ^  **As**  ^  **Cr**  ^  **Cu**  ^  **Ni**  ^  **Se**  ^  **Zn**  ^
 ^ Diesel oil                             |  0.012   |  0.001   |  0.123   |  0.002   |  0.198   |  0.133   |  0.005   |  0.002   |  0.419   | ^ Diesel oil                             |  0.012   |  0.001   |  0.123   |  0.002   |  0.198   |  0.133   |  0.005   |  0.002   |  0.419   |
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 ===== Railways ===== ===== Railways =====
  
-__Table 3: Tier1 default emission factors applied to railway vehicles, in [g/TJ]__+__Table 3: Tier1 default emission factors applied to railway vehicles, in g/TJ__
 |                        ^  **Pb**            ^  **Cd**            ^  **Hg**            ^  **As**             ^  **Cr**            ^  **Cu**             ^  **Ni**            ^  **Se**            ^  **Zn**             ^ |                        ^  **Pb**            ^  **Cd**            ^  **Hg**            ^  **As**             ^  **Cr**            ^  **Cu**             ^  **Ni**            ^  **Se**            ^  **Zn**             ^
 ^ Diesel oil             |  1.21<sup>2</sup>  |  0.23<sup>1</sup>  |  0.12<sup>1</sup>  |  0.002<sup>2</sup>  |  1.16<sup>2</sup>  |  39.57<sup>2</sup>  |  1.63<sup>2</sup>  |  0.23<sup>2</sup>  |  23.28<sup>2</sup>  | ^ Diesel oil             |  1.21<sup>2</sup>  |  0.23<sup>1</sup>  |  0.12<sup>1</sup>  |  0.002<sup>2</sup>  |  1.16<sup>2</sup>  |  39.57<sup>2</sup>  |  1.63<sup>2</sup>  |  0.23<sup>2</sup>  |  23.28<sup>2</sup>  |
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 As the EMEP/EEA GB 2019 does not provide specific defaults for **Pb, Hg and As**, the EF applied here has been derived from chapter: 1.A.3.b i-iv - Road transport: exhaust emissions: tier1 value for diesel vehicles.  As the EMEP/EEA GB 2019 does not provide specific defaults for **Pb, Hg and As**, the EF applied here has been derived from chapter: 1.A.3.b i-iv - Road transport: exhaust emissions: tier1 value for diesel vehicles. 
 +
 +Besides these emissions from fuel combustion and engine wear, the German inventory also covers **abrasive emissions from brakes, wheels on rail and contact line**.
 +Here, a country-specific approach is applied with emissions of (i) chromium and nickel being estimated as part of the particle emissions from brake wear whereas emissions of copper (ii) copper are estimated as part of the PM emissions from the contact line.
 +
 +__Table 4: Country-specific emission factors for abrasive emissions, in g/km__
 +^                                 ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  TSP     ^  BC  ^  Pb  ^  Cd  ^  Hg  ^  As  ^  Cr      ^  Cu      ^  Ni      ^  Se  ^  Zn  ^
 +^ Contact line <sup>1</sup>       |            0.00016 |           0.00032 |  0.00032 |  NA  |  NA  |  NA  |  NA  |  NA  |  NA      |  0.00033 |  NA      |  NA  |  NA  |
 +^ Tyres on rails <sup>2</sup>     |              0.009 |             0.018 |    0.018 |  NA  |  NA                                                              |||||||||
 +^ Braking system <sup>3</sup>     |              0.004 |             0.008 |    0.008 |  NA  |  NA  |  NA  |  NA  |  NA  |  0.00008 |  NA      |  0.00016 |  NA  |  NA  |
 +^ Current collector <sup>4</sup>  |  NE                |  NE               |  NE      |  NE  |  NA                                                              |||||||||
 +<sup>1</sup> assumption: 100 per cent copper \\
 +<sup>2</sup> assumption: 100 per cent steel\\
 +<sup>3</sup> assumption: steel alloy containing Chromium and Nickel\\
 +<sup>4</sup> typically: aluminium alloy + coal contacts; no particulate matter emissions calculated yet
 +
 + 
  
 ===== Inland Vessels and Ships in 1.A.3.d ii ===== ===== Inland Vessels and Ships in 1.A.3.d ii =====
  
-__Table 4: Tier1 default emission factors applied to inland ships and vessels, in g/TJ__+__Table 5: Tier1 default emission factors applied to inland ships and vessels, in g/TJ__
 |                        ^  **Pb**  ^  **Cd**  ^  **Hg**  ^  **As**  ^  **Cr**  ^  **Cu**  ^  **Ni**  ^  **Se**  ^  **Zn**  ^ |                        ^  **Pb**  ^  **Cd**  ^  **Hg**  ^  **As**  ^  **Cr**  ^  **Cu**  ^  **Ni**  ^  **Se**  ^  **Zn**  ^
 ^  Diesel oil            |  1.21    |  0.233   |  0.123   |  0.002   |  1.16    |  39.6    |  1.63    |  0.233   |  23.3    | ^  Diesel oil            |  1.21    |  0.233   |  0.123   |  0.002   |  1.16    |  39.6    |  1.63    |  0.233   |  23.3    |
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 The following table provides the tier1 EF applied for HMs from ships and vessels in both civil and military operation in NFR categories 1.A.3.d i -International Maritime Navigation, 1.A.3.d ii - National Navigation (Shipping), 1.A.4.c iii -Fisheryand 1.A.5.b iii - Other: Military Navigation. The following table provides the tier1 EF applied for HMs from ships and vessels in both civil and military operation in NFR categories 1.A.3.d i -International Maritime Navigation, 1.A.3.d ii - National Navigation (Shipping), 1.A.4.c iii -Fisheryand 1.A.5.b iii - Other: Military Navigation.
  
-__Table 4: Tier1 default emission factors applied to maritime ships and vessels in g/TJ__+__Table 6: Tier1 default emission factors applied to maritime ships and vessels in g/TJ__
 |                             ^  **Pb**  ^  **Cd**  ^  **Hg**  ^  **As**  ^  **Cr**  ^  **Cu**  ^  **Ni**  ^  **Se**  ^  **Zn**  ^ |                             ^  **Pb**  ^  **Cd**  ^  **Hg**  ^  **As**  ^  **Cr**  ^  **Cu**  ^  **Ni**  ^  **Se**  ^  **Zn**  ^
 ^ Heavy Fuel oil<sup>1</sup>  |  4.46    |  0.50    |  0.50    |  16.9    |  17.8    |  31.0    |  793     |  5.20    |  29.7    | ^ Heavy Fuel oil<sup>1</sup>  |  4.46    |  0.50    |  0.50    |  16.9    |  17.8    |  31.0    |  793     |  5.20    |  29.7    |
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 The EMEP/EEA GB 2019 does not provide specific defaults for HM emissions from the combustion of jet kerosene and aviation gasoline, stating that for for aviation gasoline these emissions are //not estimated// (NE):  The EMEP/EEA GB 2019 does not provide specific defaults for HM emissions from the combustion of jet kerosene and aviation gasoline, stating that for for aviation gasoline these emissions are //not estimated// (NE): 
- 
-[[gallery size="medium"]] 
-: GB2016(July2017)_EF_NA+NE_Avgas.PNG 
-[[/gallery]] 
  
 Therefore, the inventory compiler decided to apply the tier1 EF from gasoline fuel used in non-road mobile machinery here, too. Therefore, the inventory compiler decided to apply the tier1 EF from gasoline fuel used in non-road mobile machinery here, too.
 Although the Party assumes that HM emissions are also likely to occur from the combustion of jet kerosene, no gap-filling is carried out for this fuel. Instead, all HM emission from jet kerosene are reported as //not estimated// (NE). Although the Party assumes that HM emissions are also likely to occur from the combustion of jet kerosene, no gap-filling is carried out for this fuel. Instead, all HM emission from jet kerosene are reported as //not estimated// (NE).
  
-__Table 5: Tier1 default emisison factors applied to aircraft, in g/TJ__+__Table 7: Tier1 default emisison factors applied to aircraft, in g/TJ__
 |                    ^  **Pb**             ^  **Cd**  ^  **Hg**  ^  **As**  ^  **Cr**  ^  **Cu**  ^  **Ni**  ^  **Se**  ^  **Zn**  ^ |                    ^  **Pb**             ^  **Cd**  ^  **Hg**  ^  **As**  ^  **Cr**  ^  **Cu**  ^  **Ni**  ^  **Se**  ^  **Zn**  ^
 ^ Kerosene           |   NE                                                                                                ||||||||| ^ Kerosene           |   NE                                                                                                |||||||||
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 <sup>1</sup> estimated from average lead content of AvGas 100 LL (see also: 1.A.3.a ii (i) and FAQs) of 0.56 g Pb/liter <sup>1</sup> estimated from average lead content of AvGas 100 LL (see also: 1.A.3.a ii (i) and FAQs) of 0.56 g Pb/liter
  
-[(EMEPEEA2019> EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019; Copenhagen, 2019.)]+[(EMEPEEA2019> EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019; Chapter 1.A - Combustion; URL: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/1-energy/1-a-combustion, Copenhagen, 2019.)]