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2.A.2 - Lime Production
Short description
| Category Code | Method | AD | EF |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2.A.1 | T1 | AS | CS |
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| NOx | NMVOC | SO2 | NH3 | PM2.5 | PM10 | TSP | BC | CO | Pb | Cd | Hg | Other HM | POPs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -/- | -/- | -/- | IE | -/- | -/- | -/- | NE | -/- | NE | NE | -/- | NA | NA |
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The statements made below regarding source category 2.A.2 refer solely to the amounts of burnt lime and dolomite lime produced in German lime works.
Other lime-producing processes are included in NFRs 2.C.1 and 2.H.2.
Because of the wide range of applications covered by the sector's products, lime production is normally more isolated from economic fluctuations than is production of other mineral products such as cement. Production has fluctuated relatively little since the end of the 1990s. Dolomite-lime production, of which significantly smaller amounts are produced, basically exhibits similar fluctuations.
Methodology
The pertinent emissions level is obtained by multiplying the amount of product in question (quick lime or dolomite lime) and the relevant emission factor.
Activity data
The Federal Association of the German Lime Industry (Bundesverband der Deutschen Kalkindustrie e. V. - BVK) 1) collects and provides plant-specific production data for the entire time series.
Production amounts are determined via several different concurrent procedures resulting in adequately assured data quality (Tier 2).
Most companies are also required to report lime-production data within the framework of CO2 emissions trading. The EU monitoring guidelines for emissions trading specify a maximum accuracy of 2.5%. It is additionally assumed that 2% of the burnt lime is separated as dust in all years as of 1990 via appropriate exhaust gas purification systems and is not returned to the production process. This is taken into account by a potential 2% increase in activity rates.
Emission factors
Due to a recommendation during NEC-Review 2021, the calculation of CO emissions from lime production is allocated to process emissions and based on default EF. All other EF are country-specific values derived from different research projects.
Table 1: Emission factors for quick-lime production
| EF | unit | Trend | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NOx | 0.59 | kg/t | falling |
| SO2 | 0.12 | kg/t | falling |
| NMVOC | 0.041 | kg/t | constant over time |
| CO | 1.940 | kg/t | default from EMEP/EEA (2019) 2) |
| TSP | 0.050 | kg/t | falling |
| PM10 | 0.038 | kg/t | falling |
| PM2.5 | 0.023 | kg/t | falling |
| Hg | 2.62 | mg/t | falling |
Table 2: Emission factors for dolomite production
| EF | unit | Trend | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NOx | 1.73 | kg/t | falling |
| SO2 | 0.58 | kg/t | falling |
| NMVOC | 0.041 | kg/t | constant over time |
| CO | 1.940 | kg/t | default from EMEP/EEA (2019) 3) |
| TSP | 0.034 | kg/t | falling |
| PM10 | 0.026 | kg/t | falling |
| PM2.5 | 0.015 | kg/t | falling |
| Hg | 2.63 | mg/t | falling |
Trends in emissions
All trends in emissions correspond to trends of emission factors in table above. No rising trends are identified.
note: small change for 2023
Recalculations
Recalculations were necessary due to small corrections of activity data from the years 2021 and 2022.
For pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2022, please see the recalculation tables following chapter 9.1 - Recalculations.
Planned improvements
At the moment, no category-specific improvements are planned.