2.A.2 - Lime Production

Short description

Category Code Method AD EF
2.A.1 T1 AS CS

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Method(s) applied
D Default
T1 Tier 1 / Simple Methodology *
T2 Tier 2*
T3 Tier 3 / Detailed Methodology *
C CORINAIR
CS Country Specific
M Model
* as described in the EMEP/EEA Emission Inventory Guidebook - 2019, in category chapters.
(source for) Activity Data
NS National Statistics
RS Regional Statistics
IS International Statistics
PS Plant Specific
As Associations, business organisations
Q specific Questionnaires (or surveys)
M Model / Modelled
C Confidential
(source for) Emission Factors
D Default (EMEP Guidebook)
CS Country Specific
PS Plant Specific
M Model / Modelled
C Confidential

NOx NMVOC SO2 NH3 PM2.5 PM10 TSP BC CO Pb Cd Hg Other HM POPs
-/- -/- -/- IE -/- -/- -/- NE -/- NE NE -/- NA NA

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L/- key source by Level only
-/T key source by Trend only
L/T key source by both Level and Trend
-/- no key source for this pollutant
IE emission of specific pollutant Included Elsewhere (i.e. in another category)
NE emission of specific pollutant Not Estimated (yet)
NA specific pollutant not emitted from this source or activity = Not Applicable
* no analysis done


The statements made below regarding source category 2.A.2 refer solely to the amounts of burnt lime and dolomite lime produced in German lime works. Other lime-producing processes are included in NFRs 2.C.1 and 2.H.2.

Because of the wide range of applications covered by the sector's products, lime production is normally more isolated from economic fluctuations than is production of other mineral products such as cement. Production has fluctuated relatively little since the end of the 1990s. Dolomite-lime production, of which significantly smaller amounts are produced, basically exhibits similar fluctuations.

Methodology

The pertinent emissions level is obtained by multiplying the amount of product in question (quick lime or dolomite lime) and the relevant emission factor.

Activity data

The Federal Association of the German Lime Industry (Bundesverband der Deutschen Kalkindustrie e. V. - BVK) 1) collects and provides plant-specific production data for the entire time series.

Production amounts are determined via several different concurrent procedures resulting in adequately assured data quality (Tier 2).

Most companies are also required to report lime-production data within the framework of CO2 emissions trading. The EU monitoring guidelines for emissions trading specify a maximum accuracy of 2.5%. It is additionally assumed that 2% of the burnt lime is separated as dust in all years as of 1990 via appropriate exhaust gas purification systems and is not returned to the production process. This is taken into account by a potential 2% increase in activity rates.

Emission factors

Due to a recommendation during NEC-Review 2021, the calculation of CO emissions from lime production is allocated to process emissions and based on default EF. All other EF are country-specific values derived from different research projects.

Table 1: Emission factors for quick-lime production

EF unit Trend
NOx 0.59 kg/t falling
SO2 0.12 kg/t falling
NMVOC 0.041 kg/t constant over time
CO 1.940 kg/t default from EMEP/EEA (2019) 2)
TSP 0.050 kg/t falling
PM10 0.038 kg/t falling
PM2.5 0.023 kg/t falling
Hg 2.62 mg/t falling

Table 2: Emission factors for dolomite production

EF unit Trend
NOx 1.73 kg/t falling
SO2 0.58 kg/t falling
NMVOC 0.041 kg/t constant over time
CO 1.940 kg/t default from EMEP/EEA (2019) 3)
TSP 0.034 kg/t falling
PM10 0.026 kg/t falling
PM2.5 0.015 kg/t falling
Hg 2.63 mg/t falling

All trends in emissions correspond to trends of emission factors in table above. No rising trends are identified.

Emission trends in NFR 2.A.2

note: small change for 2023

Recalculations

Recalculations were necessary due to small corrections of activity data from the years 2021 and 2022.

For pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2022, please see the recalculation tables following chapter 9.1 - Recalculations.

Planned improvements

At the moment, no category-specific improvements are planned.


1) Federal Association of the German Lime Industry (Bundesverband der Deutschen Kalkindustrie e. V. - BVK): https://www.kalk.de/
2), 3) EMEP/EEA (2019): EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, chapter 2.A.2 Lime production 2019: Table 3-23 Tier 2 emission factors for source category 1.A.2.f.i, Lime production: https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/2-industrial-processes/2-a-mineral-products/2-a-2-lime-production/@@download/file; EEA, Copenhagen, 2019