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2.C.5 - Lead Production
Short description
Within this NFR subcategory, SO2, PM2.5, PM10, TSP, As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn, PCB and PCDD/F emissions from the production of lead are reported.
| Category Code | Method | AD | EF |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2.C.5 | T2 | AS | D, CS |
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| NOx | NMVOC | SO2 | NH3 | PM2.5 | PM10 | TSP | BC | CO | Pb | Cd | Hg | As | Cr | Cu | Ni | Se | Zn | PCDD/F | PAHs | HCB | PCB |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NA | NA | -/- | NA | -/- | -/- | -/- | NE | NA | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | NA | -/- | NA | NE | -/- | -/- | NA | NA | L/T |
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Method
Activity data
Annual production figures are derived from the annual statistical report of the German association for non-ferrous metals 1).
In 2023, the primary and secondary lead production amounted to 305 kt:
Emission factors
The emission factor for SOx is a tier1 default value according to the EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2023 2) and is supposed to be constant over time. All other emission factors are tier2 values with a decreasing trend and determined in research projects. For heavy metals (HM), the applied emission factors are derived from a research project 3).
Table 2: emission factors applied for primary and secondary lead production
| EF (primary) | EF (secondary) | Unit | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SO2 | 2.05 | kg/t | |
| PM2.5 | 17.5 | g/t | |
| PM10 | 21.3 | g/t | |
| TSP | 25 | g/t | |
| As | 49.213 | 41.179 | mg/t |
| Cd | 62.448 | 19.767 | mg/t |
| Cu | 162.663 | mg/t | |
| Hg | 0.3 | 0.325 | g/t |
| Pb | 6.028 | 4.506 | g/t |
| Zn | 664 | 50 | mg/t |
| PCB | 2.1 | mg/t | |
| PCDD/F | 0.34 | µg/t | |
Uncertainties
The uncertainties for the production amounts are 5% and for the emission factors not more than 300%. Only for dioxines the upper bond uncertainty is about 900%.
Recalculations
With activity data and emission factors remaining unrevised, no recalculations were carried out compared to the previous submission.
Planned improvements
The emission factor applied for PCB is still based on values from older versions of the EMEP/EEA Guidebook and seems to be to high due to legal terms. As the emission factor could not be updated with the current submission, this revision will be scheduled for submission 2026.