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2.D.3.c - Asphalt Roofing

Short description

Category Code Method AD EF
2.D.3.c T1 AS CS

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Method(s) applied
D Default
T1 Tier 1 / Simple Methodology *
T2 Tier 2*
T3 Tier 3 / Detailed Methodology *
C CORINAIR
CS Country Specific
M Model
* as described in the EMEP/EEA Emission Inventory Guidebook - 2019, in category chapters.
(source for) Activity Data
NS National Statistics
RS Regional Statistics
IS International Statistics
PS Plant Specific
As Associations, business organisations
Q specific Questionnaires (or surveys)
M Model / Modelled
C Confidential
(source for) Emission Factors
D Default (EMEP Guidebook)
CS Country Specific
PS Plant Specific
M Model / Modelled
C Confidential
NOx NMVOC SO2 NH3 PM2.5 PM10 TSP BC CO Heavy Metals PCDD/F PAHs HCB PCBs
NA -/- NA NA NE NE NE NA NA NA NA NE NA NA

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L/- key source by Level only
-/T key source by Trend only
L/T key source by both Level and Trend
-/- no key source for this pollutant
IE emission of specific pollutant Included Elsewhere (i.e. in another category)
NE emission of specific pollutant Not Estimated (yet)
NA specific pollutant not emitted from this source or activity = Not Applicable
* no analysis done

Bitumen is used in production and laying of roof and sealing sheeting. Roof and sealing sheeting is laid by means of both hot and cold processes.

The hot process, involving welding of sheeting, produces significant emissions of organic substances.

The relevant emissions trends depend primarily on trends in quantities of polymer bitumen sheeting produced. Use of solvent-containing primers is not considered here; it is covered via the solvents model – cf. 2.D.3.a Domestic Solvent Use.

Because of importance from other sources as solvents use, NMVOC emissions are considered and taken into account in this part of the emissions inventory.

Method

Activity data

Since a cooperation agreement was concluded, annual quantities of roof and sealing sheeting produced (activity data) are provided by the Verband der Dachbahnenindustrie (VDD) 1), the roof-sheeting manufacturers association (VDD, actual table exchanged with UBA).

Emission factors

In the process, a distinction is made between emissions from (i) the production and (ii) the laying of roof and sealing sheeting.

The emission factor for production of roof and sealing sheeting was obtained via a calculation in accordance with current technological standards of German manufacturers (VDD, see activitiy data).

The emission factor for laying of polymer-bitumen sheeting has been derived from an ecological balance sheet 2).

The implied emission factor applied for the entire source category has been increasing slightly, as a result of the increasing impact of polymer-bitumen sheeting. However, since no pertinent detailed data are available, NMVOC emissions are calculated in keeping with a Tier 1 method.

Table 1: Overview of applied NMVOC emission factors, in [kg/m2

source of emissions EF value EF trend
production of roofing materials 0.00035795 constant over time
roofing of sheeting and shingle 0.000027 to 0.000040 rising

Please note that emissions from the use of solvents are reported within the specific categories of solvents-use as based on the underlying model. Therefore, the emission factors applied here are comparably low. The trend of emission is not influenced importantly by the changing use of material types.

The TERT reiterates the recommendation that Germany should include an emission estimate for the PM components and, until this is possible, change the notation key and provide a justification. Therefore, the notation key in the NFR is set to “NE” now and can be explained as follows: Roofing includes the production of shingles and layers using bitumen (no hot mix cases are estimated for Germany) with only fugitive emissions relevant.

A Tier 1 method is available in the EMEP/EEA Guidebook, but the reference used is tonnage [t], not the area produced in m2 as required for national calculations. Therefore, the default emission factor for PM provided in [g PM per Mg shingle] cannot be applied with the national activity data.

Due to the wide range of products, only an informative conversion is possible. Using this calculated tonnage with the Tier1 EF would result in excessively large emissions. The calculation of the bitumen consumption for the roofing materials is used for checking the national bitumen quantities.

As a result of such hypothetical calculations, neither the approach of the activity data seems suitable nor the quantity relevance seems sufficient. Therefore, particulate-matter emissions are reported as ´not estimated` (NE).

The trend of NMVOC emissions corresponds to the trend of produced amounts. No rising trends are to identify.

Emission trends of road paving

note: small change for 2023, but 2022 production decrease occurs

Recalculations

With activity data and emission factors remaining unrevised, no recalculations were carried out compared to the previous submission.

Planned improvements

At the moment, no category-specific improvements are planned.

1) vdd Industrieverband Dach- und Dichtungsbahnen e. V. (VDD); https://www.derdichtebau.de/vdd-industrieverband-dach-und-dichtungsbahnen-e-v/
2) Kreißig, J. (1996): Ganzheitliche Bilanzierung von Dachbahnen aus Bitumen : Kurzbericht. Frankfurt am Main, 1996