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2.C.2 - Ferroalloys Production
Short description
| Category Code | Method | AD | EF |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2.C.2 | T1 | IS | CS |
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| NOx | NMVOC | SO2 | NH3 | PM2.5 | PM10 | TSP | BC | CO | Pb | Cd | Hg | As | Cr | Cu | Ni | Se | Zn | POPs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NE | NE | NE | NA | -/- | -/- | -/- | NE | NE | NE | NE | NE | NA | NE | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
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Source category Ferroalloys Production is of minor significance and not a key source.
Ferroalloys are non-ferrous metal aggregates used in steel production.
Germany has five producers of ferrochrome, silicon metal and ferrosilicon. These materials are used as alloying agents in stainless-steel production.
The only process applied in Germany since 1995 is the electric arc process generating only a small amount of process-related emissions (specifically due to electrode consumption). The blast-furnace process, which produces much higher emissions, was used, to some extent, until 1995.
In 2023, ferroalloys production amounted to 51.3 kt.
Method
Activity data
The activity data from the years 1990 to 1994 has been taken from official production statistics of the Federal Statistical Öffice. Since 1995, the data from the official production statistics is no longer suitable to use in this context. Since then, data from the British Geological Survey 1) has been used instead.
The most recent activity data is available for 2021. This data has been carried forward into 2022. As soon as updated statistical data is available - in general, every two years -, a recalculation will be carried out.
Emission factors
The emission factor for TSP (0.1 kg/t for the current year and back to 1998) and the splitting factors for PM10 and PM2.5 were determined in a research project (Jörß et al., 2007) 2).
There were higher but decreasing EF for the period 1990-1997 due to the technology changes.
Uncertainties
The uncertainties for the production amounts are 50% and for the emission factors not more than 300%.
Recalculations
With all input data remaining unrevised, no recalculations were made compared to the previous submission.
Planned improvements
Actualized production figures of the latest world mineral production report for the years 2019-2022 are not implemented because the reasons for the changes are not explained. These revision only belong to estimated values of the category “other ferro-alloys”. For submission 2026, the implementation of the new vaules will be justified.