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2.C.6 - Zinc Production

Short description

Within this NFR subcategory, SO2, PM2.5, PM10, TSP, As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn, PCDD/F, and PCB emissions from the production of zinc are reported.

Category Code Method AD EF
2.C.6 T2 AS D,CS

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Method(s) applied
D Default
T1 Tier 1 / Simple Methodology *
T2 Tier 2*
T3 Tier 3 / Detailed Methodology *
C CORINAIR
CS Country Specific
M Model
* as described in the EMEP/EEA Emission Inventory Guidebook - 2019, in category chapters.
(source for) Activity Data
NS National Statistics
RS Regional Statistics
IS International Statistics
PS Plant Specific
As Associations, business organisations
Q specific Questionnaires (or surveys)
M Model / Modelled
C Confidential
(source for) Emission Factors
D Default (EMEP Guidebook)
CS Country Specific
PS Plant Specific
M Model / Modelled
C Confidential
NOx NMVOC SO2 NH3 PM2.5 PM10 TSP BC CO Pb Cd Hg As Cu Cr Ni Se Zn PCDD/F PAHs HCB PCBs
NA NA -/- NA -/- -/- -/- NE NA -/- -/- -/- -/- NA NA NA NE L/- -/- NA NA L/T

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L/- key source by Level only
-/T key source by Trend only
L/T key source by both Level and Trend
-/- no key source for this pollutant
IE emission of specific pollutant Included Elsewhere (i.e. in another category)
NE emission of specific pollutant Not Estimated (yet)
NA specific pollutant not emitted from this source or activity = Not Applicable
* no analysis done

Method

Activity data

The yearly production figures were taken from the annual statistical report of the German association for non-ferrous metals 1). In 2023, zinc production droped sharply due to reduced production outputs or even production stops. However, the actual figures for 2023 had to be classified as confidential and therefore cannot be published here.

Emission factors

The emission factor for SOx is a tier1 default value according to the EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2023 2) and is supposed to be constant. All other emission factors are tier2 values with a decreasing trend and determined in research projects. The EF for the heavy metals (HM) are taken from a research project 3).

Table 2: emission factors applied for primary and secondary zinc production

EF (primary) EF (secondary) Unit
SO2 1.35 kg/t
PM2.5 38.5 g/t
PM10 61.3 g/t
TSP 100 g/t
As 123.882 30 mg/t
Cd 1085 230 mg/t
Hg 500 1.5 mg/t
Pb 19.605 0.95 g/t
Zn 51.968 9 g/t
PCB 1 mg/t
PCDD/F 0.15 µg/t

Uncertainties

The uncertainties for the production amounts are 5% and for the emission factors not more than 300%. Only for dioxines the upper bond uncertainty is about 900%.

Recalculations

With activity data and emission factors remaining unrevised, no recalculations were carried out compared to the previous submission.

Planned improvements

At the moment, no category-specific improvements are planned.

1) WVMetalle (20219: German association for non-ferrous metals (WirtschaftsVereinigung Metalle): Annual statistical report: https:https://www.wvmetalle.de
2) EMEP/EEA (2023): EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2023, Chapter: 2.C.6 - Zinc production 2023; https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2023/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/2-industrial-processes-and-product-use/2-c-metal-production/2-c-6-zinc-production-2023/@@download/file; Copenhagen, 2023.
3) Ökopol, IER Universität Stuttgart, IZT Berlin, Institut für Gießereitechnik (IfG) 2010: Bereitstellung einer qualitätsgesicherten Datengrundlage für die Emissionsberichterstattung zur Umsetzung von internationalen Luftreinhalte- und Klimaschutzvereinbarung für ausgewählte Industriebranchen TV02: NE-Metallindustrie, Gießereien, Kalkindustrie, FKZ 3707 42 301/02, on behalf of the Umweltbundesamt, Dessau-Roßlau, 2010