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2.B.6 - Titanium Dioxide Production
Short description
In NFR 2.B.6, SO2,CO, NOx and TSP emissions from the production of titanium dioxide are reported.
| Category Code | Method | AD | EF |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2.B.6 | T3 | C | C |
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| NOx | NMVOC | SO2 | NH3 | PM2.5 | PM10 | TSP | BC | CO | Heavy Metals | POPs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -/- | NA | -/- | NA | NA | NA | -/- | NA | -/- | NA | NA |
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Method
Activity Data
There are two kinds of processes for the production of titanium dioxide – chloride process and sulfate process. The total production amount of these two processes is attained from the German Federal Statistical Office1).
For the calculation of individual production from each process, the fraction of chloride process is determined based on the estimated total production capacity in Germany (480 kt/y) and the production capacity via chloride process (165 kt/y) 2)3).
Emission Factors
Emission factors for titanium dioxide production are the Tier 2 emission factors from EMEP Guidebook: NOx, CO, and TSP are provided for the chloride process, while for the sulfate process only factors for NOx and TSP are available.
The applied Tier 2 emission factors are listed in Table 1 4).
Table 1: Tier 2 emission factors for titanium dioxide production, in [kg/t]
| Pollutant | Name of process | Emission factor |
|---|---|---|
| CO | Chloride | 159 |
| NOx | 0.1 | |
| TSP | 0.2 | |
| NOx | Sulfate | 0.108 |
| TSP | 0.3 |
Emissions
The association of the titanium producers reports the sum of SO2 emissions from both processes directly to the UBA. Since submission 2022, these emissions are no longer confidential and were therefore re-allocated from 2.B.10. Besides, CO, NOₓ and TSP emissions are reported since submission 2022.
Except for SO2, emissions of the mentioned pollutants are calculated through the multiplication of activity data and corresponding emission factors.
As the emission factors are constant over time, the emission trend is influenced only by the fluctuations of the production.
Recalculations
For SO2 emissions from the production of titanium dioxide and sulphuric acid, estimates reported for the second to last year of the time series are routinely actualised by the producers. Furthermore, final emissions for the last year of the time series are not yet available at the time the inventory is compiled. Therefore, the values reported here represent a prediction and are updated with each new submission as well.
Otherwise, SO2 emissions for 1990 und 1991 have been updated compared to last year's submission. Since the values for 1990 and 1991 were previously confidential, assumptions were made to resolve the confidentiality. As the confidentiality of the data has been lifted, these can be replaced with the correct values.
For pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2022, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter 8.1 - Recalculations.
Planned improvements
No category-specific improvements are planned.