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sector:agriculture:agricultural_soils:start [2025/02/28 13:54] – [Table] niebuhrsector:agriculture:agricultural_soils:start [2025/04/28 16:31] (current) – [3.D.a.2.a - Animal manure applied to soils] tarakji
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 | 3.D.c      |  NA              |  NA     |  NA              |  NA              |  **L/-**           ^  L/-              ^  L/-  |  NA  |  NA  |  NA            |  NA    |  NA   |  NA    | | 3.D.c      |  NA              |  NA     |  NA              |  NA              |  **L/-**           ^  L/-              ^  L/-  |  NA  |  NA  |  NA            |  NA    |  NA   |  NA    |
 | 3.D.e      |  NA              |  -/-    |  NA              |  NA              |  NA                |  NA               |  NA   |  NA  |  NA  |  NA            |  NA    |  NA   |  NA    | | 3.D.e      |  NA              |  -/-    |  NA              |  NA              |  NA                |  NA               |  NA   |  NA  |  NA  |  NA            |  NA    |  NA   |  NA    |
-| 3.D.f      |  NA              |  NA     |  NA              |  NA              |  NA                |  NA               |  NA   |  NA  |  NA  |  NA            |  NA    ^  L/-  |  NA    |+| 3.D.f      |  NA              |  NA     |  NA              |  NA              |  NA                |  NA               |  NA   |  NA  |  NA  |  NA            |  NA    ^  -/-  |  NA    |
  {{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}}  {{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}}
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 ==== Emission factors ==== ==== Emission factors ====
-The emission factors for NH<sub>3</sub> depend on fertilizer type, see EMEP (2023)-3D-17. Table 2 lists the EMEP emission factors for the fertilizers used in the inventory. In order to reflect average German conditions, the emission factors for cool climate and a pH value lower than 7 was chosen. For urea fertilizer the German fertilizer ordinance prescribes the use of urease inhibitors or the immediate incorporation into the soil from 2020 onwards. The NH<sub>3</sub> emission factor for urea fertilizers is therefore reduced by 70% from 2020 onwards for the immediate incorporation of urea, according to  Bittman et al. (2014, Table 15)((Bittman, S., Dedina, M., Howard C.M., Oenema, O., Sutton, M.A., (eds) (2014): Options for Ammonia Mitigation. Guidance from the UNECE task Force on Reactive Nitrogen. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh, UK.)). For the use of urease inhibitors the emission factor for urea fertilizer is reduced by 60%. For details see Rösemann et al. (2025)((Rösemann, C., Vos, C., Haenel, H.-D., Dämmgen, U., Döring, U., Wulf, S., Eurich-Menden, B., Freibauer, A., Döhler, H., Schreiner, C., Osterburg, B., Fuß,R. (2025) Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German agriculture 1990 – 2023 : Report on methods and data (RMD) Submission 2024. www.eminv-agriculture.de)), Chapter 5.2.1.2.+The emission factors for NH<sub>3</sub> depend on fertilizer type, see EMEP (2023)-3D-17. Table 2 lists the EMEP emission factors for the fertilizers used in the inventory. In order to reflect average German conditions, the emission factors for cool climate and a pH value lower than 7 was chosen. For urea fertilizer the German fertilizer ordinance prescribes the use of urease inhibitors or the immediate incorporation into the soil from 2020 onwards. The NH<sub>3</sub> emission factor for urea fertilizers is therefore reduced by 70% from 2020 onwards for the immediate incorporation of urea, according to  Bittman et al. (2014, Table 15)((Bittman, S., Dedina, M., Howard C.M., Oenema, O., Sutton, M.A., (eds) (2014): Options for Ammonia Mitigation. Guidance from the UNECE task Force on Reactive Nitrogen. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh, UK.)). For the use of urease inhibitors the emission factor for urea fertilizer is reduced by 60%. For details see Rösemann et al. (2025)((Rösemann, C., Vos, C., Haenel, H.-D., Dämmgen, U., Döring, U., Wulf, S., Eurich-Menden, B., Freibauer, A., Döhler, H., Schreiner, C., Osterburg, B., Fuß,R. (2025) Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German agriculture 1990 – 2023 : Report on methods and data (RMD) Submission 2025. https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/emissionsagriculture2025/-/wikis/home)), Chapter 5.2.1.2.
  
 __Table 2: Synthetic fertilizers, emission factors in kg NH<sub>3</sub> per kg fertilizer N__ __Table 2: Synthetic fertilizers, emission factors in kg NH<sub>3</sub> per kg fertilizer N__
 ^ Fertilizer type                         ^  EF     ^ ^ Fertilizer type                         ^  EF     ^
-| calcium ammonium nitrate                |   0.008 | +| calcium ammonium nitrate                |   0.024 | 
-| ammonia nitrate urea solutions (AHL)    |   0.098 | +| ammonia nitrate urea solutions (AHL)    |   0.087 | 
-| urea (up to 2019)                       |   0.155 | +| urea (up to 2019)                       |   0.195 | 
-| urea (from 2020 with urease inhibitor)  |   0.062 | +| urea (from 2020 with urease inhibitor)  |   0.078 | 
-| urea (from 2020 if incorporated)        |  0.0465 | +| urea (from 2020 if incorporated)        |  0.0585 | 
-| ammonium phosphates                     |   0.050 | +| ammonium phosphates                     |   0.084 | 
-| other NK and NPK                        |   0.050 | +| other NK and NPK                        |   0.084 | 
-| other straight fertilizers              |   0.010 |+| other straight fertilizers              |   0.084 | 
  
 For NO<sub>x</sub>, the simpler methodology by EMEP (2023)-3D-13 was used. The emission factor 0.040 from EMEP, 2023-3D, Table 3.1 has the unit of [kg N<sub>2</sub>O per kg fertilizer N] and was derived from ((Stehfest E., Bouwman L. (2006): N2O and NO emission from agricultural fields and soils under natural vegetation: summarizing available measurement data and modelling of global emissions. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. 74, 207 – 228.)). For NO<sub>x</sub>, the simpler methodology by EMEP (2023)-3D-13 was used. The emission factor 0.040 from EMEP, 2023-3D, Table 3.1 has the unit of [kg N<sub>2</sub>O per kg fertilizer N] and was derived from ((Stehfest E., Bouwman L. (2006): N2O and NO emission from agricultural fields and soils under natural vegetation: summarizing available measurement data and modelling of global emissions. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. 74, 207 – 228.)).
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-__Table 4: REC-1: Revised NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions, in kilotonnes__ +__Table 4: Comparison of NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions [kt] with previous submission__ 
-|                      ^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  2021  ^  2022  ^ +^  NH3 and NOx emissions from fertilizer application, in Gg                                                                                                                                                                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
-| **Ammonia**          |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        | +|                                                            ^ Submission           ^  1990    ^  1995    ^  2000    ^  2005    ^  2010    ^  2015    ^  2016    ^  2017    ^  2018    ^  2019    ^  2020    ^  2021    ^  2022    ^  2023   ^ 
-^ current submission   |  78.71 |  69.55 |  85.64 |  86.36 |  88.43 |  97.89 |  99.73 |  89.25 |  76.79 |  65.63 |  36.64 |  35.02 |  33.44 | +|                                                            ^                      |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          ^         ^ 
-^ previous submission  |  78.82 |  69.56 |  85.64 |  86.36 |  88.43 |  97.89 |  99.73 |  89.25 |  76.79 |  65.63 |  35.94 |  34.87 |        | +^  **Ammonia**                                               | current              |  129.55  |  102.80  |  130.65  |  134.39  |  136.77  |  155.61  |  157.68  |  144.31  |  128.19  |  114.66  |  77.56   |  73.59   |  67.18   |  61.79  | 
-^ absolute change      |  -0.11 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.70 |   0.15 |        | +| :::                                                        | previous             |  78.71   |  69.55   |  85.64   |  86.36   |  88.43   |  97.89   |  99.73   |  89.25   |  76.79   |  65.63   |  36.64   |  35.02   |  33.44   |         | 
-^ relative change [%]  |  -0.14 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   1.94 |   0.44 |  -0.14 | +| :::                                                        | absolute change      |  50.83   |  33.25   |  45.01   |  48.03   |  48.34   |  57.73   |  57.95   |  55.06   |  51.40   |  49.03   |  40.92   |  38.57   |  33.73   |         | 
-| **Nitrogen oxides**  |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        | +| :::                                                        | relative change [%]  |  64.58   |  47.80   |  52.56   |  55.62   |  54.66   |  58.97   |  58.10   |  61.69   |  66.94   |  74.71   |  111.70  |  110.13  |  100.87  |         | 
-^ current submission   |  86.53 |  67.93 |  75.77 |  70.84 |  64.48 |  68.46 |  68.24 |  63.95 |  59.11 |  55.34 |  52.31 |  49.08 |  45.46 | +|                                                            |                      |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |          |         | 
-^ previous submission  |  86.57 |  67.94 |  75.77 |  70.84 |  64.48 |  68.46 |  68.24 |  63.95 |  59.11 |  55.34 |  52.31 |  51.30 |        | +^  **Nitrogen oxides**                                       | current              |  86.53   |  67.93   |  75.77   |  70.84   |  64.48   |  68.46   |  68.24   |  63.95   |  59.11   |  55.34   |  52.31   |  49.08   |  44.29   |  40.89  | 
-^ absolute change      |  -0.03 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |  -2.22 |        | +| :::                                                        | previous             |  86.53   |  67.93   |  75.77   |  70.84   |  64.48   |  68.46   |  68.24   |  63.95   |  59.11   |  55.34   |  52.31   |  49.08   |  45.46   |         | 
-^ relative change [%]  |  -0.04 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |  -4.32 |        |+| :::                                                        | absolute change      |  0.00    |  0.00    |  0.00    |  0.00    |  0.00    |  0.00    |  0.00    |  0.00    |  0.00    |  0.00    |  0.00    |  0.00    |  -1.18   |         | 
 +| :::                                                        | relative change [%]  |  0.00    |  0.00    |  0.00    |  0.00    |  0.00    |  0.00    |  0.00    |  0.00    |  0.00    |  0.00    |  0.00    |  0.00    |  -2.59   |         |
  
  
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 =====  3.D.a.2.a - Animal manure applied to soils ===== =====  3.D.a.2.a - Animal manure applied to soils =====
-In this sub-category Germany reports the NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> (NO) emissions from application of manure (including application of anaerobically digested manure). An overview is given in Rösemann et al. (2025)((Rösemann, C., Vos, C., Haenel, H.-D., Dämmgen, U., Döring, U., Wulf, S., Eurich-Menden, B., Freibauer, A., Döhler, H., Schreiner, C., Osterburg, B., Fuß,R. (2025) Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German agriculture 1990 – 2023 : Report on methods and data (RMD) Submission 2024. www.eminv-agriculture.de)), Chapters 5.2.1.2 and 5.2.2.2.+In this sub-category Germany reports the NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> (NO) emissions from application of manure (including application of anaerobically digested manure). An overview is given in Rösemann et al. (2025)((Rösemann, C., Vos, C., Haenel, H.-D., Dämmgen, U., Döring, U., Wulf, S., Eurich-Menden, B., Freibauer, A., Döhler, H., Schreiner, C., Osterburg, B., Fuß,R. (2025) Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German agriculture 1990 – 2023 : Report on methods and data (RMD) Submission 2025. https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/emissionsagriculture2025/-/wikis/home)), Chapters 5.2.1.2 and 5.2.2.2.
 Germany uses the Tier 2 methodology for estimating NMVOC emissions for cattle in sector 3.B (manure management). The use of this methodology yields NMVOC emissions which formally could be reported in the sectors 3.D.a.2.a and 3.D.a.3 (grazing emissions). However, to be congruent with the NMVOC emissions for other animal categories, Germany reports these emissions in the NMVOC emissions reported from manure management (3.B). For the NFR codes 3.D.a.2.a and 3.D.a.3 the notation key IE is used for NMVOC emissions.  Germany uses the Tier 2 methodology for estimating NMVOC emissions for cattle in sector 3.B (manure management). The use of this methodology yields NMVOC emissions which formally could be reported in the sectors 3.D.a.2.a and 3.D.a.3 (grazing emissions). However, to be congruent with the NMVOC emissions for other animal categories, Germany reports these emissions in the NMVOC emissions reported from manure management (3.B). For the NFR codes 3.D.a.2.a and 3.D.a.3 the notation key IE is used for NMVOC emissions. 
  
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 The calculation of the amount of N in manure applied is based on the N mass flow approach (see 3.B). It is the total of N excreted by animals in the housing and the N imported with bedding material minus N losses by emissions of N species from housing and storage. Hence, the amount of total N includes the N contained in anaerobically digested manures to be applied to the field.  The calculation of the amount of N in manure applied is based on the N mass flow approach (see 3.B). It is the total of N excreted by animals in the housing and the N imported with bedding material minus N losses by emissions of N species from housing and storage. Hence, the amount of total N includes the N contained in anaerobically digested manures to be applied to the field. 
  
-The frequencies of application techniques and incorporation times as well as the underlying data sources are described in Rösemann et al. (2025) ((Rösemann, C., Vos, C., Haenel, H.-D., Dämmgen, U., Döring, U., Wulf, S., Eurich-Menden, B., Freibauer, A., Döhler, H., Schreiner, C., Osterburg, B., Fuß,R. (2025) Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German agriculture 1990 – 2023 : Report on methods and data (RMD) Submission 2024. www.eminv-agriculture.de)), Chapter 2.5. The frequencies are provided. in the NID 2025((NID (2025): National Inventory Report 2025 for the German Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990-2022. Available in April 2025.)), Chapter 17.3.1. +The frequencies of application techniques and incorporation times as well as the underlying data sources are described in Rösemann et al. (2025) ((Rösemann, C., Vos, C., Haenel, H.-D., Dämmgen, U., Döring, U., Wulf, S., Eurich-Menden, B., Freibauer, A., Döhler, H., Schreiner, C., Osterburg, B., Fuß,R. (2025) Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German agriculture 1990 – 2023 : Report on methods and data (RMD) Submission 2025. https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/emissionsagriculture2025/-/wikis/home)), Chapter 2.5. The frequencies are provided. in the NID 2025((NID (2025): National Inventory Report 2025 for the German Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990-2022. Available in April 2025.)), Chapter 17.3.1. 
  
 __Table 5: AD for the estimation of NH<sub>3</sub> and  NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from application of manure__ __Table 5: AD for the estimation of NH<sub>3</sub> and  NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from application of manure__
-^  Application of manure in [kt N]                                                                                                  ||||||||||||| +^  Application of manure in [kt N]                                                                                                       |||||||||||||       | 
-^  1990                             ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  2021  ^  2022  ^ +^  1990                             ^  1995   ^  2000   ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2015   ^  2016   ^  2017   ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  2021  ^  2022  ^ 2023  ^ 
-|  1,131                            |  987   |  970   |  940   |  945   |  984   |  978   |  974   |  959   |  952   |  943   |  919   |  893   |+|  1,165                            |  1,032  |  1,007  |  978   |  980   |  1,020  |  1,014  |  1,010  |  996   |  989   |  980   |  956   |  930   | 930   |
  
  
  
 ==== Methodology ==== ==== Methodology ====
-NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from manure application are calculated separately for each animal species in the mass flow approach by multiplying the respective TAN amount with NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors for the various manure application techniques. For details see [[sector:agriculture:manure_management:start|[3-b-manure-management 3.B]]] and Rösemann et al. (2025)((Rösemann, C., Vos, C., Haenel, H.-D., Dämmgen, U., Döring, U., Wulf, S., Eurich-Menden, B., Freibauer, A., Döhler, H., Schreiner, C., Osterburg, B., Fuß,R. (2025) Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German agriculture 1990 – 2023 : Report on methods and data (RMD) Submission 2024. www.eminv-agriculture.de)), Chapter 5.2.1.2. For NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from manure application the inventory calculates NO-N emissions (see Rösemann et al. (2025) ((Rösemann, C., Vos, C., Haenel, H.-D., Dämmgen, U., Döring, U., Wulf, S., Eurich-Menden, B., Freibauer, A., Döhler, H., Schreiner, C., Osterburg, B., Fuß,R. (2025) Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German agriculture 1990 – 2023 : Report on methods and data (RMD) Submission 2024. www.eminv-agriculture.de)), Chapter 5.2.2.2, that are subsequently converted into NO<sub>x</sub> emissions by multiplying with the molar weight ratio 46/14. The Tier 1 approach for the application of synthetic fertilizer as described in EMEP (2023)-3D-13 is used. +NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from manure application are calculated separately for each animal species in the mass flow approach by multiplying the respective TAN amount with NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors for the various manure application techniques. For details see [[sector:agriculture:manure_management:start|[3-b-manure-management 3.B]]] and Rösemann et al. (2025)((Rösemann, C., Vos, C., Haenel, H.-D., Dämmgen, U., Döring, U., Wulf, S., Eurich-Menden, B., Freibauer, A., Döhler, H., Schreiner, C., Osterburg, B., Fuß,R. (2025) Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German agriculture 1990 – 2023 : Report on methods and data (RMD) Submission 2025. https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/emissionsagriculture2025/-/wikis/home)), Chapter 5.2.1.2. For NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from manure application the inventory calculates NO-N emissions (see Rösemann et al. (2025) ((Rösemann, C., Vos, C., Haenel, H.-D., Dämmgen, U., Döring, U., Wulf, S., Eurich-Menden, B., Freibauer, A., Döhler, H., Schreiner, C., Osterburg, B., Fuß,R. (2025) Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German agriculture 1990 – 2023 : Report on methods and data (RMD) Submission 2025. https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/emissionsagriculture2025/-/wikis/home)), Chapter 5.2.2.2, that are subsequently converted into NO<sub>x</sub> emissions by multiplying with the molar weight ratio 46/14. The Tier 1 approach for the application of synthetic fertilizer as described in EMEP (2023)-3D-13 is used. 
  
 ==== Emission factors ==== ==== Emission factors ====
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 __Table 6: IEF for NH<sub>3</sub>–N from application of manure__ __Table 6: IEF for NH<sub>3</sub>–N from application of manure__
-^  IEF in [kg NH3-N per kg N in applied manure]                                                                                                              ||||||||||||| +^  IEF in [kg NH3-N per kg N in applied manure]                                                                                                                      |||||||||||||| 
-^  1990                                          ^  1995   ^  2000   ^  2005   ^  2010   ^  2015   ^  2016   ^  2017   ^  2018   ^  2019   ^  2020   ^  2021   ^  2022   ^ +^  1990                                          ^  1995   ^  2000   ^  2005   ^  2010   ^  2015   ^  2016   ^  2017   ^  2018   ^  2019   ^  2020   ^  2021   ^  2022   ^ 2023   ^ 
-|  0.208                                         |  0.194  |  0.187  |  0.175  |  0.169  |  0.161  |  0.159  |  0.157  |  0.155  |  0.153  |  0.150  |  0.151  |  0.153  |+|  0.227                                         |  0.212  |  0.204  |  0.190  |  0.183  |  0.174  |  0.172  |  0.170  |  0.167  |  0.165  |  0.161  |  0.162  |  0.165  | 0.164  |
  
 ==== Trend discussion for Key Sources ==== ==== Trend discussion for Key Sources ====
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 These differences are predominantly caused by a higher estimate of manure N, which is applied, compared to the last submission. Many of the recalculations have an effect on this. The two most important ones are **No. 3** (lower NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors for cattle and pig housing result in more N available for spreading) and **No. 4** (correction of horse numbers by a factor of 2.75), both of which increase emissions see [[sector:agriculture:start|main page of the agricultural sector]], list of recalculation reasons.  These differences are predominantly caused by a higher estimate of manure N, which is applied, compared to the last submission. Many of the recalculations have an effect on this. The two most important ones are **No. 3** (lower NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors for cattle and pig housing result in more N available for spreading) and **No. 4** (correction of horse numbers by a factor of 2.75), both of which increase emissions see [[sector:agriculture:start|main page of the agricultural sector]], list of recalculation reasons. 
-Further details on recalculations are described in Rösemann et al. (2025) ((Rösemann, C., Vos, C., Haenel, H.-D., Dämmgen, U., Döring, U., Wulf, S., Eurich-Menden, B., Freibauer, A., Döhler, H., Schreiner, C., Osterburg, B., Fuß,R. (2025) Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German agriculture 1990 – 2023 : Report on methods and data (RMD) Submission 2024. www.eminv-agriculture.de)), Chapter 1.3. +Further details on recalculations are described in Rösemann et al. (2025) ((Rösemann, C., Vos, C., Haenel, H.-D., Dämmgen, U., Döring, U., Wulf, S., Eurich-Menden, B., Freibauer, A., Döhler, H., Schreiner, C., Osterburg, B., Fuß,R. (2025) Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German agriculture 1990 – 2023 : Report on methods and data (RMD) Submission 2025. https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/emissionsagriculture2025/-/wikis/home)), Chapter 1.3. 
  
-__Table 7: REC-2: Revised  NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions, in kilotonnes__ +__Table 7: Comparison of NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions [kt] with previous submission__ 
-|                      ^  1990   ^  1995   ^  2000   ^  2005   ^  2010   ^  2015   ^  2016   ^  2017   ^  2018   ^  2019   ^  2020   ^  2021   ^  2022   ^ +|                       ^ Submission           ^  1990   ^  1995   ^  2000   ^  2005   ^  2010   ^  2015   ^  2016   ^  2017   ^  2018   ^  2019   ^  2020   ^  2021   ^  2022   ^ 2023    ^ 
-| **Ammonia**          |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         | +|                       |                      |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         | 
-^ current submission   |  286.21 |  232.97 |  220.16 |  199.38 |  193.95 |  191.94 |  188.84 |  185.61 |  180.61 |  176.70 |  171.37 |  168.12 |  165.79 | +|  **Ammonia**          ^ current              |  320.57 |  265.78 |  249.01 |  225.69 |  217.80 |  215.60 |  211.87 |  208.09 |  202.39 |  197.93 |  192.18 |  188.44 |  185.70 | 185.00  | 
-^ previous submission  |  285.58 |  231.79 |  218.55 |  197.69 |  191.85 |  191.19 |  188.04 |  184.84 |  179.85 |  176.00 |  170.65 |  167.43 |         | +| :::                   ^ previous             |  286.21 |  232.97 |  220.16 |  199.38 |  193.95 |  191.94 |  188.84 |  185.61 |  180.61 |  176.70 |  171.37 |  168.12 | 165.79  |         | 
-^ absolute change      |    0.63 |    1.18 |    1.60 |    1.69 |    2.09 |    0.75 |    0.80 |    0.76 |    0.76 |    0.70 |    0.72 |    0.69 |         | +| :::                   ^ absolute change      |   34.37 |   32.82 |   28.85 |   26.31 |   23.85 |   23.66 |   23.03 |   22.48 |   21.79 |   21.23 |   20.81 |   20.31 | 19.91   |         | 
-^ relative change [%]  |    0.22 |    0.51 |    0.73 |    0.86 |    1.09 |    0.39 |    0.43 |    0.41 |    0.42 |    0.40 |    0.42 |    0.41 |         | +| :::                   ^ relative change [%]  |   12.01 |   14.09 |   13.11 |   13.20 |   12.30 |   12.33 |   12.20 |   12.11 |   12.06 |   12.02 |   12.15 |   12.08 | 12.01   |         | 
-| **Nitrogen oxides**                                                                                                                       |||||||||||||| +|                       |                      |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         | 
-^ current submission   | 44.59   | 38.90   | 38.23   | 37.05   | 37.25   | 38.81   | 38.57   | 38.39   | 37.83   | 37.52   | 37.19   | 36.22   | 35.22   | +|  **Nitrogen oxides**  ^ current              | 45.94   | 40.69   | 39.69   | 38.54   | 38.63   | 40.23   | 39.98   | 39.81   | 39.26   | 38.98   | 38.66   | 37.68   | 36.65   | 36.65   | 
-^ previous submission  | 44.52   | 38.77   | 38.04   | 36.84   | 37.00   | 38.80   | 38.56   | 38.39   | 37.82   | 37.51   | 37.16   | 36.15   |         | +| :::                   ^ previous             | 44.59   | 38.90   | 38.23   | 37.05   | 37.25   | 38.81   | 38.57   | 38.39   | 37.83   | 37.52   | 37.19   | 36.22   | 35.22   |         | 
-^ absolute change      | 0.07    | 0.13    | 0.19    | 0.21    | 0.25    | 0.01    | 0.01    | 0.01    | 0.01    | 0.01    | 0.02    | 0.07    |         | +| :::                   ^ absolute change      | 1.35    | 1.79    | 1.46    | 1.49    | 1.38    | 1.42    | 1.41    | 1.42    | 1.43    | 1.46    | 1.47    | 1.46    | 1.43    |         | 
-^ relative change [%]  | 0.15    | 0.34    | 0.49    | 0.57    | 0.69    | 0.02    | 0.02    | 0.01    | 0.03    | 0.03    | 0.06    | 0.20    |         |+| :::                   ^ relative change [%]  | 3.04    | 4.60    | 3.83    | 4.02    | 3.72    | 3.66    | 3.65    | 3.70    | 3.79    | 3.88    | 3.95    | 4.02    | 4.06    |         |
  
 ==== Planned improvements ==== ==== Planned improvements ====
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 ===== 3.D.a.2.b – Sewage sludge applied to soils ===== ===== 3.D.a.2.b – Sewage sludge applied to soils =====
-The calculation of NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> (NO) emissions from application of sewage sludge is described in Rösemann et al. (2025) ((Rösemann, C., Vos, C., Haenel, H.-D., Dämmgen, U., Döring, U., Wulf, S., Eurich-Menden, B., Freibauer, A., Döhler, H., Schreiner, C., Osterburg, B., Fuß,R. (2025) Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German agriculture 1990 – 2023 : Report on methods and data (RMD) Submission 2024. www.eminv-agriculture.de)), Chapters 5.2.1.2 and 5.2.2.2. +The calculation of NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> (NO) emissions from application of sewage sludge is described in Rösemann et al. (2025) ((Rösemann, C., Vos, C., Haenel, H.-D., Dämmgen, U., Döring, U., Wulf, S., Eurich-Menden, B., Freibauer, A., Döhler, H., Schreiner, C., Osterburg, B., Fuß,R. (2025) Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German agriculture 1990 – 2023 : Report on methods and data (RMD) Submission 2025. https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/emissionsagriculture2025/-/wikis/home)), Chapters 5.2.1.2 and 5.2.2.2. 
 ==== Activity data ==== ==== Activity data ====
  
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 __Table 8: AD for the estimation of NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from application of sewage sludge__ __Table 8: AD for the estimation of NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from application of sewage sludge__
-^  Application of sewage sludge in [kt N]                                                                                                  ||||||||||||| +^  Application of sewage sludge in [kt N]                                                                                                 |||||||||||||        | 
-^  1990                                    ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  2021  ^  2022  ^ +^  1990                                    ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^ 2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  2021  ^  2022  ^  2023  ^ 
-|  27                                      |  35    |  33    |  27    |  26    |  19    |  19    |  14    |  13    |  16    |  14    |  12    |  12    |+|  27                                      |  35    |  33    |  27    |  26    |  19    |  19    |  14    | 13    |  16    |  14    |  12    |  12    |  12    |
  
 ==== Methodology ==== ==== Methodology ====
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 There were no recalculations concerning sewage sludge except the replacement of extrapolated activity data in 2022 with data from the Federal Statistical Office. Further details on recalculations are described in Rösemann et al. (2025), Chapter 1.3.  There were no recalculations concerning sewage sludge except the replacement of extrapolated activity data in 2022 with data from the Federal Statistical Office. Further details on recalculations are described in Rösemann et al. (2025), Chapter 1.3. 
  
-__Table 9: Revised NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions, in kilotonnes__ +__Table 9: Comparison of NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions [kt] with previous submission__ 
-^                                                                 ^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  2021  ^  2022  ^ +|                        ^ Submission           ^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  2021  ^  2022  ^ 2023  ^ 
-| **Ammonia**                                                                                                                                                             |||||||||||||| +|                        |                      |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |       | 
-^ current submission                                              |   3.66 |   4.71 |   4.40 |   3.66 |   3.51 |   2.52 |   2.51 |   1.87 |   1.78 |   2.14 |   1.85 |   1.61 |   1.61 | +|  **Ammonia**           ^ current              |   3.66 |   4.71 |   4.40 |   3.66 |   3.51 |   2.52 |   2.51 |   1.87 |   1.78 |   2.14 |   1.85 |   1.61 |   1.61 | 1.61  | 
-^ previous submission                                             |   3.66 |   4.71 |   4.40 |   3.66 |   3.48 |   2.50 |   2.50 |   1.89 |   1.67 |   1.90 |   1.67 |   1.67 |        | +|  :::                   ^ previous             |   3.66 |   4.71 |   4.40 |   3.66 |   3.51 |   2.52 |   2.51 |   1.87 |   1.78 |   2.14 |   1.85 |   1.61 | 1.61   |       | 
-^ absolute change                                                 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.03 |   0.02 |   0.02 |  -0.02 |   0.11 |   0.24 |   0.18 |  -0.06 |        | +|  :::                   ^ absolute change      |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 | 0.01   |       | 
-^ relative change [%]                                             |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.93 |   0.64 |   0.66 |  -1.22 |   6.51 |  12.61 |  10.90 |  -3.85 |        | +|  :::                   ^ relative change [%]  |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 | 0.33   |       | 
-| **Nitrogen oxides**                                                                                                                                                     |||||||||||||| +|                        |                      |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |       | 
-^ current submission                                              |   1.08 |   1.39 |   1.30 |   1.08 |   1.04 |   0.74 |   0.74 |   0.55 |   0.52 |   0.63 |   0.55 |   0.47 |   0.47 | +|   **Nitrogen oxides**  ^ current              |   1.08 |   1.39 |   1.30 |   1.08 |   1.04 |   0.74 |   0.74 |   0.55 |   0.52 |   0.63 |   0.55 |   0.47 |   0.48 | 0.48  | 
-^ previous submission                                             |   1.08 |   1.39 |   1.30 |   1.08 |   1.03 |   0.74 |   0.74 |   0.56 |   0.49 |   0.56 |   0.49 |   0.49 |        | +|  :::                   ^ previous             |   1.08 |   1.39 |   1.30 |   1.08 |   1.04 |   0.74 |   0.74 |   0.55 |   0.52 |   0.63 |   0.55 |   0.47 | 0.47   |       | 
-^ absolute change                                                 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.01 |   0.00 |   0.00 |  -0.01 |   0.03 |   0.07 |   0.05 |  -0.02 |        | +|  :::                   ^ absolute change      |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 | 0.00   |       | 
-^ relative change [%]                                             |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.93 |   0.64 |   0.66 |  -1.22 |   6.51 |  12.61 |  10.90 |  -3.85 |        |+|  :::                   ^ relative change [%]  |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 | 0.33   |       |
  
 ==== Planned improvements ==== ==== Planned improvements ====
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 __Table 10: AD for the estimation of NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions emissions from application of other organic fertilizers__ __Table 10: AD for the estimation of NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions emissions from application of other organic fertilizers__
-^                                  ^  Application of other organic fertilizers in kt N                                                                                                            ||||||||||||| +^                                  ^  Application of other organic fertilizers in kt N                                                                                                                     |||||||||||||| 
-|                                  ^  1990                                              ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005   ^  2010   ^  2015   ^  2016   ^  2017   ^  2018   ^  2019   ^  2020   ^  2021   ^  2022   ^ +|                                  ^  1990                                              ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005   ^  2010   ^  2015   ^  2016   ^  2017   ^  2018   ^  2019   ^  2020   ^  2021   ^  2022   ^ 2023    ^ 
-| Residues, digested energy crops  |                                               0.05 |   0.59 |   5.12 |   43.36 |  158.69 |  288.92 |  287.59 |  283.07 |  279.15 |  279.38 |  285.56 |  280.37 |  280.37 | +| Residues, digested energy crops  |                                               0.05 |   0.59 |   5.12 |   43.36 |  158.69 |  289.08 |  287.80 |  283.33 |  279.45 |  279.98 |  286.48 |  281.57 |  302.37 | 302.37  | 
-| Residues, digested waste         |                                               0.00 |   0.00 |   1.55 |    4.97 |   10.46 |   15.05 |   13.97 |   13.79 |   14.00 |   13.75 |   13.40 |   15.13 |   15.98 | +| Residues, digested waste         |                                               0.00 |   0.00 |   1.55 |    4.97 |   10.46 |   15.05 |   13.97 |   13.79 |   14.00 |   13.75 |   13.40 |   15.13 |   15.62 | 16.83   | 
-| Compost, biowaste                |                                               4.51 |  19.54 |  31.87 |   28.82 |   22.64 |   22.59 |   23.34 |   21.90 |   25.14 |   24.31 |   25.42 |   22.98 |   24.57 | +| Compost, biowaste                |                                               4.51 |  19.54 |  31.87 |   28.82 |   22.64 |   22.59 |   23.34 |   21.90 |   25.14 |   24.31 |   25.42 |   22.98 |   23.10 | 20.87   | 
-| Compost, greenwaste              |                                               1.13 |   4.90 |   7.67 |    9.46 |   11.27 |   13.67 |   14.29 |   14.87 |   14.92 |   15.89 |   16.74 |   15.95 |   17.58 | +| Compost, greenwaste              |                                               1.13 |   4.90 |   7.67 |    9.46 |   11.27 |   13.67 |   14.29 |   14.87 |   14.92 |   15.89 |   16.74 |   15.95 |   15.93 | 14.99   | 
-| Imported manure                  |                                               5.19 |  19.26 |  15.56 |   21.48 |   27.41 |   27.53 |   30.26 |   26.95 |   21.22 |   19.91 |   16.96 |   14.22 |   14.61 | +| Imported manure                  |                                               5.19 |  19.26 |  15.56 |   21.48 |   27.41 |   27.53 |   30.26 |   26.95 |   22.17 |   20.82 |   17.75 |   14.95 |   14.99 | 15.44   | 
-^ TOTAL                            ^                                              10.87 ^  44.30 ^  61.77 ^  108.09 ^  230.47 ^  367.77 ^  369.45 ^  360.58 ^  354.42 ^  353.25 ^  358.09 ^  348.65 ^  353.12 ^+^ TOTAL                            ^                                              10.87 ^  44.30 ^  61.77 ^  108.09 ^  230.47 ^  367.92 ^  369.65 ^  360.83 ^  355.67 ^  354.76 ^  359.80 ^  350.58 ^  372.01 ^ 370.50  ^
  
 ==== Methodology ==== ==== Methodology ====
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 __Table 11: IEF for NH<sub>3</sub>-N emissions from application of other organic fertilizers__ __Table 11: IEF for NH<sub>3</sub>-N emissions from application of other organic fertilizers__
-^                                  ^  IEF in kg NH3-N per kg N of other organic fertilizers                                                                                                  ||||||||||||| +^                                  ^  IEF in kg NH3-N per kg N of other organic fertilizers                                                                                                          |||||||||||||| 
-|                                  ^  1990                                                   ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  2021  ^  2022  ^ +|                                  ^  1990                                                   ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  2021  ^  2022  ^ 2023   ^ 
-| Residues, digested energy crops  | 0.182                                                   | 0.182  | 0.183  | 0.183  | 0.183  | 0.153  | 0.150  | 0.147  | 0.144  | 0.141  | 0.139  | 0.138  | 0.138  | +| Residues, digested energy crops  | 0.182                                                   | 0.182  | 0.183  | 0.183  | 0.183  | 0.153  | 0.150  | 0.147  | 0.144  | 0.141  | 0.139  | 0.139  | 0.140  | 0.140  | 
-| Residues, digested waste         | 0.000                                                   | 0.000  | 0.192  | 0.193  | 0.193  | 0.171  | 0.164  | 0.156  | 0.163  | 0.162  | 0.163  | 0.162  | 0.160  | +| Residues, digested waste         | 0.000                                                   | 0.000  | 0.192  | 0.193  | 0.193  | 0.171  | 0.164  | 0.156  | 0.163  | 0.162  | 0.163  | 0.162  | 0.160  | 0.157  | 
-| Compost, biowaste                | 0.038                                                   | 0.038  | 0.038  | 0.036  | 0.034  | 0.032  | 0.032  | 0.032  | 0.029  | 0.033  | 0.034  | 0.036  | 0.037  | +| Compost, biowaste                | 0.042                                                   | 0.037  | 0.038  | 0.036  | 0.034  | 0.032  | 0.032  | 0.032  | 0.029  | 0.033  | 0.034  | 0.036  | 0.037  | 0.033  | 
-| Compost, greenwaste              | 0.014                                                   | 0.014  | 0.014  | 0.014  | 0.013  | 0.015  | 0.015  | 0.020  | 0.013  | 0.012  | 0.012  | 0.012  | 0.013  | +| Compost, greenwaste              | 0.016                                                   | 0.014  | 0.014  | 0.014  | 0.013  | 0.015  | 0.015  | 0.020  | 0.013  | 0.012  | 0.012  | 0.012  | 0.013  | 0.012  | 
-| Imported manure                  | 0.209                                                   | 0.204  | 0.202  | 0.185  | 0.174  | 0.153  | 0.148  | 0.147  | 0.148  | 0.148  | 0.144  | 0.145  | 0.146  | +| Imported manure                  | 0.209                                                   | 0.204  | 0.201  | 0.185  | 0.175  | 0.153  | 0.148  | 0.147  | 0.147  | 0.147  | 0.143  | 0.144  | 0.145  | 0.152  | 
-^ TOTAL                            ^ 0.118                                                   ^ 0.110  ^ 0.092  ^ 0.130  ^ 0.160  ^ 0.141  ^ 0.138  ^ 0.135  ^ 0.131  ^ 0.129  ^ 0.127  ^ 0.127  ^ 0.126  ^+^ TOTAL                            ^ 0.120                                                   ^ 0.109  ^ 0.092  ^ 0.130  ^ 0.160  ^ 0.141  ^ 0.138  ^ 0.135  ^ 0.131  ^ 0.129  ^ 0.127  ^ 0.127  ^ 0.129  ^ 0.130  ^
 ==== Trend discussion for Key Sources ==== ==== Trend discussion for Key Sources ====
  
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 Recalculations after 2013 are mainly due to the update of activity data. Concerning NH<sub>3</sub> emissions, small differences occur in all years. This is because the underlying spatial distribution of imported manure is different, which results in different IEFs compared to last year’s submission. Another reason is the interpolation of RAUMIS distribution data before 1999 (see [[sector:agriculture:start|main page of the agricultural sector]], list of recalculation **reasons, 19, 20 and 21**, and Rösemann et al. (2025), Chapter 1.3).  Recalculations after 2013 are mainly due to the update of activity data. Concerning NH<sub>3</sub> emissions, small differences occur in all years. This is because the underlying spatial distribution of imported manure is different, which results in different IEFs compared to last year’s submission. Another reason is the interpolation of RAUMIS distribution data before 1999 (see [[sector:agriculture:start|main page of the agricultural sector]], list of recalculation **reasons, 19, 20 and 21**, and Rösemann et al. (2025), Chapter 1.3). 
  
-__Table 12:REC-4: Revised NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from application of other organic fertilizers, in kilotonnes__ +__Table 12: Comparison of NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from application of other organic fertilizers [kt] with previous submission__ 
-|                      ^  1990   ^  1995   ^  2000   ^  2013  ^  2014  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  2021  ^  2022  ^ +|                       ^ Submission           ^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2013  ^  2014  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  2021  ^  2022  ^ 2023   ^ 
-| **Ammonia**          |         |         |         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        | +|                       |                      |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        | 
-^ current submission   |    1.55 |    5.89 |    6.90 |  62.15 |  63.06 |  63.03 |  61.69 |  59.17 |  56.51 |  55.28 |  55.04 |  53.83 |  54.21 | +^  **Ammonia**          | current              |   1.58 |   5.87 |   6.89 |  17.02 |  44.70 |  63.07 |  61.72 |  59.21 |  56.73 |  55.57 |  55.40 |  54.25 |  58.24 | 58.35  | 
-^ previous submission  |    0.24 |    1.12 |    3.15 |  60.14 |  60.84 |  60.66 |  58.87 |  56.82 |  55.02 |  53.96 |  54.33 |  54.31 |        | +| :::                   | previous             |   1.55 |   5.89 |   6.90 |  17.03 |  44.69 |  63.03 |  61.69 |  59.17 |  56.51 |  55.28 |  55.04 |  53.83 | 54.21  |        | 
-^ absolute change      |    1.32 |    4.78 |    3.75 |   2.01 |   2.22 |   2.37 |   2.82 |   2.35 |   1.49 |   1.31 |   0.71 |  -0.48 |        | +| :::                   | absolute change      |   0.02 |  -0.02 |  -0.01 |  -0.01 |   0.02 |   0.04 |   0.03 |   0.04 |   0.22 |   0.29 |   0.35 |   0.42 | 4.03   |        | 
-^ relative change [%]  |  558.94 |  427.65 |  118.87 |   3.34 |   3.65 |   3.91 |   4.80 |   4.13 |   2.71 |   2.43 |   1.31 |  -0.89 |        | +| :::                   | relative change [%]  |   1.57 |  -0.36 |  -0.10 |  -0.05 |   0.03 |   0.06 |   0.05 |   0.07 |   0.40 |   0.53 |   0.64 |   0.78 | 7.43   |        | 
-| **Nitrogen oxides**  |         |         |         |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        | +|                       |                      |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        | 
-^ current submission   |    0.43 |    1.75 |    2.44 |  13.15 |  13.99 |  14.50 |  14.57 |  14.22 |  13.97 |  13.93 |  14.12 |  13.75 |  13.92 | +^  **Nitrogen oxides**  | current              |   0.20 |   1.75 |   2.44 |   4.26 |   9.09 |  14.51 |  14.57 |  14.23 |  14.02 |  13.99 |  14.19 |  13.82 |  14.67 | 14.61  | 
-^ previous submission  |    0.22 |    0.99 |    1.83 |  12.76 |  13.53 |  14.00 |  13.95 |  13.71 |  13.68 |  13.68 |  14.00 |  13.99 |        | +| :::                   | previous             |   0.20 |   1.75 |   2.44 |   4.26 |   9.09 |  14.50 |  14.57 |  14.22 |  13.97 |  13.93 |  14.12 |  13.75 | 13.92  |        | 
-^ absolute change      |    0.20 |    0.76 |    0.60 |   0.40 |   0.45 |   0.50 |   0.62 |   0.51 |   0.30 |   0.24 |   0.12 |  -0.24 |        | +| :::                   | absolute change      |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.01 |   0.01 |   0.01 |   0.05 |   0.06 |   0.07 |   0.08 | 0.75   |        | 
-^ relative change [%]  |   91.19 |   76.71 |   32.86 |   3.12 |   3.35 |   3.56 |   4.43 |   3.69 |   2.17 |   1.79 |   0.88 |  -1.72 |        |+| :::                   | relative change [%]  |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.04 |   0.06 |   0.07 |   0.35 |   0.43 |   0.48 |   0.55 | 5.35   |        |
 ==== Planned improvements ==== ==== Planned improvements ====
 No improvements are planned at present. No improvements are planned at present.
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 __Table 13: Shares of N excretions on pasture, in [%]__ __Table 13: Shares of N excretions on pasture, in [%]__
-|               ^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  2021  ^  2022  ^ +|               ^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  2021  ^  2022  ^ 2023   ^ 
-^ Dairy cows    |   20.3 |   15.6 |   12.7 |   11.4 |   10.0 |    8.6 |    8.3 |    8.0 |    7.6 |    7.4 |    7.4 |    7.4 |    7.4 | +^ Dairy cows    |   20.3 |   15.6 |   12.7 |   11.4 |   10.0 |    8.6 |    8.3 |    8.0 |    7.6 |    7.4 |    7.4 |    7.4 |    7.4 | 7.4    | 
-^ Other cattle  |   15.1 |   17.3 |   18.9 |   19.0 |   19.6 |   20.5 |   20.7 |   20.9 |   21.2 |   21.4 |   21.5 |   21.4 |   21.4 | +^ Other cattle  |   15.1 |   17.3 |   18.9 |   19.0 |   19.6 |   20.5 |   20.7 |   20.9 |   21.2 |   21.4 |   21.5 |   21.4 |   21.4 | 21.7   | 
-^ Sheep         |   55.1 |   55.5 |   55.1 |   55.4 |   54.8 |   55.4 |   55.4 |   55.4 |   55.6 |   55.5 |   55.4 |   55.5 |   55.8 | +^ Sheep         |   55.1 |   55.5 |   55.1 |   55.4 |   54.8 |   55.4 |   55.4 |   55.4 |   55.6 |   55.5 |   55.4 |   55.5 |   55.8 | 55.6   | 
-^ Goats         |   34.2 |   34.2 |   34.2 |   34.2 |   34.2 |   34.2 |   34.2 |   34.2 |   34.2 |   34.2 |   34.2 |   34.2 |   34.2 | +^ Goats         |   34.2 |   34.2 |   34.2 |   34.2 |   34.2 |   34.2 |   34.2 |   34.2 |   34.2 |   34.2 |   34.2 |   34.2 |   34.2 | 34.2   | 
-^ Horses        |   20.5 |   20.5 |   20.5 |   20.5 |   20.5 |   20.5 |   20.5 |   20.5 |   20.5 |   20.5 |   20.5 |   20.5 |   20.5 | +^ Horses        |   20.5 |   20.5 |   20.5 |   20.5 |   20.5 |   20.5 |   20.5 |   20.5 |   20.5 |   20.5 |   20.5 |   20.5 |   20.5 | 20.5   | 
-^ Laying hens   |    0.1 |    0.1 |    0.5 |    1.0 |    1.7 |    2.3 |    2.4 |    2.3 |    2.5 |    2.6 |    2.8 |    2.8 |    3.0 | +^ Laying hens   |    0.1 |    0.1 |    0.5 |    1.0 |    1.7 |    2.3 |    2.4 |    2.3 |    2.5 |    2.6 |    2.8 |    2.7 |    2.9 | 3.0    | 
-^ Deer          |  100.0 |  100.0 |  100.0 |  100.0 |  100.0 |  100.0 |  100.0 |  100.0 |  100.0 |  100.0 |  100.0 |  100.0 |  100.0 | +^ Deer          |  100.0 |  100.0 |  100.0 |  100.0 |  100.0 |  100.0 |  100.0 |  100.0 |  100.0 |  100.0 |  100.0 |  100.0 |  100.0 | 100.0  | 
-^ Ostrich       |   80.0 |   80.0 |   80.0 |   80.0 |   80.0 |   80.0 |   80.0 |   80.0 |   80.0 |   80.0 |   80.0 |   80.0 |   80.0 |+^ Ostriches     |   80.0 |   80.0 |   80.0 |   80.0 |   80.0 |   80.0 |   80.0 |   80.0 |   80.0 |   80.0 |   80.0 |   80.0 |   80.0 | 80.0   |
 ==== Methodology ==== ==== Methodology ====
 NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from grazing are calculated by multiplying the respective animal population (3.B, Table 1) with corresponding N excretions and relative TAN contents (3.B, Table 2) and the fraction of N excreted on pasture (Table 13). The result is multiplied with the animal specific emission factor (Table 14). NO emissions are calculated the same way with the exception that the emission factor is related to N excreted instead of TAN. NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from grazing are calculated by multiplying the respective animal population (3.B, Table 1) with corresponding N excretions and relative TAN contents (3.B, Table 2) and the fraction of N excreted on pasture (Table 13). The result is multiplied with the animal specific emission factor (Table 14). NO emissions are calculated the same way with the exception that the emission factor is related to N excreted instead of TAN.
Line 326: Line 328:
 The main reason for that is the correction of the horse animal numbers by a factor of 2.75 (see main page of the agricultural sector, list of recalculations, **No. 4)**. Further details on recalculations are described in Rösemann et al. (2025), Chapter 1.3.   The main reason for that is the correction of the horse animal numbers by a factor of 2.75 (see main page of the agricultural sector, list of recalculations, **No. 4)**. Further details on recalculations are described in Rösemann et al. (2025), Chapter 1.3.  
  
-__Table 15: REC-5: Revised NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions, in kilotonnes__ +__Table 15: Comparison of NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions [kt] with previous submission__ 
-|                      ^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  2021  ^  2022  ^ +|                      ^  NH3 and NOx emissions from grazing, in Gg                                                                                                                  ||||||||||||||| 
-| **Ammonia**          |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        | +|                      ^ Submission                                  ^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  2021  ^  2022  ^ 2023   ^ 
-^ current submission   |  22.37 |  18.35 |  16.55 |  14.73 |  14.19 |  13.94 |  13.76 |  13.57 |  13.33 |  13.17 |  12.96 |  12.75 |  12.78 | +|                      |                                             |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        | 
-^ previous submission  |  22.24 |  18.17 |  16.32 |  14.48 |  13.91 |  13.67 |  13.48 |  13.29 |  13.05 |  12.89 |  12.68 |  12.47 |        | +| **Ammonia**          ^ current                                     |  24.58 |  21.15 |  18.79 |  17.00 |  16.26 |  15.94 |  15.73 |  15.56 |  15.33 |  15.19 |  15.00 |  14.85 |  14.93 | 15.09  | 
-^ absolute change      |   0.14 |   0.18 |   0.23 |   0.25 |   0.28 |   0.27 |   0.27 |   0.27 |   0.28 |   0.28 |   0.28 |   0.29 |        | +| :::                  ^ previous                                    |  22.37 |  18.35 |  16.55 |  14.73 |  14.19 |  13.94 |  13.76 |  13.57 |  13.33 |  13.17 |  12.96 |  12.75 | 12.78  |        | 
-^ relative change [%]  |   0.61 |   1.01 |   1.43 |   1.73 |   2.02 |   1.99 |   2.01 |   2.05 |   2.11 |   2.14 |   2.21 |   2.30 |        | +| :::                  ^ absolute change                             |   2.21 |   2.80 |   2.24 |   2.28 |   2.07 |   2.01 |   1.98 |   1.99 |   2.00 |   2.02 |   2.03 |   2.10 | 2.15   |        | 
-| **Nitrogen oxides**  |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        | +| :::                  ^ relative change [%]                         |   9.86 |  15.25 |  13.55 |  15.46 |  14.56 |  14.39 |  14.37 |  14.68 |  15.04 |  15.33 |  15.67 |  16.43 | 16.86  |        | 
-^ current submission   |   8.50 |   6.95 |   6.31 |   5.64 |   5.40 |   5.24 |   5.17 |   5.09 |   4.99 |   4.93 |   4.86 |   4.78 |   4.78 | +|                      |                                             |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        | 
-^ previous submission  |   8.40 |   6.82 |   6.15 |   5.48 |   5.22 |   5.06 |   4.98 |   4.91 |   4.81 |   4.74 |   4.67 |   4.59 |        | +| **Nitrogen oxides**  ^ current                                     |   8.84 |   7.38 |   6.66 |   6.00 |   5.72 |   5.55 |   5.47 |   5.40 |   5.30 |   5.24 |   5.17 |   5.11 |   5.11 | 5.17   | 
-^ absolute change      |   0.10 |   0.13 |   0.16 |   0.17 |   0.18 |   0.18 |   0.18 |   0.18 |   0.18 |   0.18 |   0.19 |   0.19 |        | +| :::                  ^ previous                                    |   8.50 |   6.95 |   6.31 |   5.64 |   5.40 |   5.24 |   5.17 |   5.09 |   4.99 |   4.93 |   4.86 |   4.78 | 4.78   |        | 
-^ relative change [%]  |   1.17 |   1.90 |   2.62 |   3.06 |   3.38 |   3.56 |   3.63 |   3.71 |   3.82 |   3.89 |   3.98 |   4.15 |        |+| :::                  ^ absolute change                             |   0.34 |   0.43 |   0.35 |   0.35 |   0.32 |   0.31 |   0.31 |   0.31 |   0.31 |   0.31 |   0.31 |   0.32 | 0.33   |        | 
 +| :::                  ^ relative change [%]                         |   4.01 |   6.23 |   5.50 |   6.24 |   5.91 |   5.92 |   5.92 |   6.05 |   6.21 |   6.33 |   6.47 |   6.78 | 7.01   |        |
  
 ==== Planned improvements ==== ==== Planned improvements ====
Line 348: Line 351:
 The NH<sub>3</sub> emissions are calculated proportionally to the amounts of N stored in the above-ground biomass, according to EMEP (2023).This requires the knowledge of the areas of cultivation, of crop yields and of the N contents of the above ground crop residues.  The NH<sub>3</sub> emissions are calculated proportionally to the amounts of N stored in the above-ground biomass, according to EMEP (2023).This requires the knowledge of the areas of cultivation, of crop yields and of the N contents of the above ground crop residues. 
  
-_Table 16: AD for the estimation of NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from crop residues_ +__Table 16: AD for the estimation of NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from crop residues__ 
-^ test  ^   ^ +^  N in aboveground crop residues in Gg N                                                                                             |||||||||||||| 
-|       |   |+^ 1990                                     ^ 1995  ^ 2000  ^ 2005  ^ 2010  ^ 2015  ^ 2016  ^ 2017  ^ 2018  ^ 2019  ^ 2020  ^ 2021  ^ 2022  ^ 2023  ^ 
 +| 433                                      | 431   | 468   | 479   | 461   | 467   | 465   | 493   | 397   | 439   | 449   | 472   | 460   | 471   |
  
 ==== Methodology ==== ==== Methodology ====
Line 356: Line 360:
  
 ==== Emission factors ==== ==== Emission factors ====
-According to the methodology given in EMEP (2023) the emission factor for the NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from crop residues applied to the soil is zero if the N content of the above ground crop residues is below or equal to the threshold of 0.0132 kg N per kg dry matter. In all other cases the NH<sub>3</sub> emission factor is determined using the following linear regression,  +According to the methodology given in EMEP (2023) the emission factor for the NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from crop residues applied to the soil is zero if the N content of the above ground crop residues is below or equal to the threshold of 0.0132 kg N per kg dry matter. In all other cases the NH<sub>3</sub> emission factor is determined using the following linear regression, see EMEP (2023): 
-**Formel** see EMEP (2023):EF_〖NH〗_(3_x )=(410×N_(〖above dm〗_x )-5.42)÷100 **Formel**+ 
 +EF_//NH//<sub>3</sub><sub>x</sub>=(410×N<sub>above dm</sub><sub>x</sub> -5.42)÷100  
 + 
 Where x is the according crop and N<sub>above</sub> dm is the N content of the above ground dry matter. Where x is the according crop and N<sub>above</sub> dm is the N content of the above ground dry matter.
 The implied emission factors provided in the following table are defined as ratio of the total NH<sub>3</sub>-N emissions from crop residues to the total N in aboveground crop residues. The implied emission factors provided in the following table are defined as ratio of the total NH<sub>3</sub>-N emissions from crop residues to the total N in aboveground crop residues.
  
-_Table 17: IEF for NH<sub>3</sub>-N emissions from crop residues_ +__Table 17: IEF for NH<sub>3</sub>-N emissions from crop residues__ 
-^ test  ^   ^ +^  IEF in kg NH3-N per kg N in aboveground crop residues                                                                                                          |||||||||||||| 
-|       |   |+^ 1990                                                    ^ 1995   ^ 2000   ^ 2005   ^ 2010   ^ 2015   ^ 2016   ^ 2017   ^ 2018   ^ 2019   ^ 2020   ^ 2021   ^ 2022   ^ 2023   ^ 
 +| 0.017                                                   | 0.014  | 0.013  | 0.012  | 0.012  | 0.011  | 0.012  | 0.012  | 0.011  | 0.012  | 0.012  | 0.013  | 0.012  | 0.012  |
  
 ==== Trend discussion for Key Sources ==== ==== Trend discussion for Key Sources ====
Line 370: Line 378:
 ==== Recalculations ==== ==== Recalculations ====
 There are no recalculations because this source is reported the first time. There are no recalculations because this source is reported the first time.
-_Table 18: REC-6: Revised NH<sub>3</sub> emissions, in kilotonnes_ + 
-^ test  ^   ^ +__Table 18: Comparison of NH<sub>3</sub> emissions [kt] with previous submission__ 
-|       |   |+|       |             ^  NH3 emissions from crop residues, in Gg                                                                                             |||||||||||||| 
 +|       ^ Submission  ^ 1990                                      ^ 1995  ^ 2000  ^ 2005  ^ 2010  ^ 2015  ^ 2016  ^ 2017  ^ 2018  ^ 2019  ^ 2020  ^ 2021  ^ 2022  ^ 2023  ^ 
 +|  NH3  | current     | 8.70                                      | 7.32  | 7.14  | 7.06  | 6.55  | 6.43  | 6.95  | 7.11  | 5.47  | 6.27  | 6.51  | 7.35  | 6.62  | 6.89  | 
 +| :::   | previous    | NO                                        | NO    | NO    | NO    | NO    | NO    | NO    | NO    | NO    | NO    | NO    | NO    | NO    |       |
  
 ==== Planned improvements ==== ==== Planned improvements ====
Line 386: Line 397:
  
 __Table 19: Agricultural land (including areas with cover crops), in  [1000*ha]__ __Table 19: Agricultural land (including areas with cover crops), in  [1000*ha]__
-^  Arable land and grassland in 1000*ha                                                                                                                          ||||||||||||| +^  Agricultural land (including areas with cover crops) in 1000*ha                                                                                                                                   |||||||||||||| 
-^  1990                                  ^  1995    ^  2000    ^  2005    ^  2010    ^  2015    ^  2016    ^  2017    ^  2018    ^  2019    ^  2020    ^  2021    ^  2022    ^ +^  1990                                                             ^  1995    ^  2000    ^  2005    ^  2010    ^  2015    ^  2016    ^  2017    ^  2018    ^  2019    ^  2020    ^  2021    ^  2022    ^ 2023    ^ 
-|  16.597                                |  15.395  |  15.595  |  15.674  |  15.855  |  15.841  |  15.789  |  15.781  |  15.701  |  15.694  |  15.577  |  15.510  |  15.465  |+|  17,542                                                           |  16,285  |  16,457  |  16,555  |  17,010  |  17,447  |  17,484  |  17,532  |  17,509  |  17,559  |  17,498  |  17,431  |  17,386  | 17,367  |
 ==== Methodology ==== ==== Methodology ====
 The Tier 2 methodology used is described in EMEP (2023)-3D-22.  The Tier 2 methodology used is described in EMEP (2023)-3D-22. 
Line 399: Line 410:
  
 __Table 20: Implied emission factors for PM emissions from agricultural soils, in kg ha<sup>-1</sup>__ __Table 20: Implied emission factors for PM emissions from agricultural soils, in kg ha<sup>-1</sup>__
-|                   ^  1990                       ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  2021  ^  2022  ^ +|                   ^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  2021  ^  2022  ^  2023  ^ 
-^ TSP               | 1.41                        | 1.41   | 1.42   | 1.40   | 1.39   | 1.38   | 1.37   | 1.37   | 1.36   | 1.36   | 1.35   | 1.35   | 1.36   | +^ TSP               | 1.42   | 1.41   | 1.42   | 1.41   | 1.39   | 1.38   | 1.37   | 1.37   | 1.37   | 1.36   | 1.36   | 1.36   | 1.36   | 1.36   | 
-^ PM<sub>10</sub>   | 1.41                        | 1.41   | 1.42   | 1.40   | 1.39   | 1.38   | 1.37   | 1.37   | 1.36   | 1.36   | 1.35   | 1.35   | 1.36   | +^ PM<sub>10</sub>   | 1.42   | 1.41   | 1.42   | 1.41   | 1.39   | 1.38   | 1.37   | 1.37   | 1.37   | 1.36   | 1.36   | 1.36   | 1.36   | 1.36   | 
-^ PM<sub>2.5</sub>  | 0.11                        | 0.11   | 0.11   | 0.11   | 0.11   | 0.11   | 0.11   | 0.11   | 0.11   | 0.11   | 0.11   | 0.11   | 0.11   |+^ PM<sub>2.5</sub>  | 0.11   | 0.11   | 0.11   | 0.11   | 0.11   | 0.11   | 0.11   | 0.11   | 0.11   | 0.10   | 0.10   | 0.10   | 0.10   | 0.11   |
  
  
Line 413: Line 424:
 For all years, totals of TSP, PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> emissions are higher than those of last year’s submission. This is mostly due to the introduction of cover crops to the calculation method (see main page of the agricultural sector, list of recalculations, No. 2). Further details on recalculations are described in Rösemann et al. (2025), Chapter 1.3.   For all years, totals of TSP, PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> emissions are higher than those of last year’s submission. This is mostly due to the introduction of cover crops to the calculation method (see main page of the agricultural sector, list of recalculations, No. 2). Further details on recalculations are described in Rösemann et al. (2025), Chapter 1.3.  
  
-__Table 21: REC-6: Revised particle emissions (TSP, PM<sub>10</sub> & PM<sub>2.5</sub>), in kilotonnes__ +__Table 21: Comparison of particle emissions (TSP, PM<sub>10</sub> & PM<sub>2.5</sub>) [kt] with previous submission__ 
-|                                      ^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  2021  ^  2022  ^ +^  TSP, PM10, PM2.5 emissions from crop production, in Gg                                                                                                                                        |||||||||||||||| 
-| **TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICLES (TSP)**                                                                                                          |||||||||||||| +|                                                          ^ Submission           ^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  2021  ^  2022  ^ 2023   ^ 
-^ current submission                   |  23.45 |  21.67 |  22.13 |  22.01 |  22.02 |  21.81 |  21.65 |  21.61 |  21.38 |  21.32 |  21.04 |  21.00 |  21.02 | +|                                                          |                      |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        | 
-^ previous submission                  |  23.45 |  21.67 |  22.13 |  22.01 |  22.02 |  21.81 |  21.65 |  21.61 |  21.38 |  21.32 |  21.04 |  20.97 |        | +|  **TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICLES (TSP)**                     ^ current              |  24.88 |  22.99 |  23.38 |  23.27 |  23.64 |  24.06 |  24.03 |  24.07 |  23.92 |  23.94 |  23.73 |  23.70 |  23.71 | 23.69  | 
-^ absolute change                      |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.03 |        | +| :::                                                      ^ previous             |  23.45 |  21.67 |  22.13 |  22.01 |  22.02 |  21.81 |  21.65 |  21.61 |  21.38 |  21.32 |  21.04 |  21.00 | 21.02  |        | 
-^ relative change [%]                  |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.13 |        | +| :::                                                      ^ absolute change      |   1.43 |   1.32 |   1.25 |   1.25 |   1.63 |   2.25 |   2.38 |   2.46 |   2.54 |   2.62 |   2.69 |   2.69 | 2.69   |        | 
-| **PM<sub>10</sub>**                  |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        | +| :::                                                      ^ relative change [%]  |   6.09 |   6.09 |   5.66 |   5.70 |   7.38 |  10.32 |  10.98 |  11.37 |  11.86 |  12.26 |  12.81 |  12.83 | 12.82  |        | 
-^ current submission                   |  23.45 |  21.67 |  22.13 |  22.01 |  22.02 |  21.81 |  21.65 |  21.61 |  21.38 |  21.32 |  21.04 |  21.00 |  21.02 | +|                                                          |                      |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        | 
-^ previous submission                  |  23.45 |  21.67 |  22.13 |  22.01 |  22.02 |  21.81 |  21.65 |  21.61 |  21.38 |  21.32 |  21.04 |  20.97 |        | +|  **PM<sub>10</sub>**                                     ^ current              |  24.88 |  22.99 |  23.38 |  23.27 |  23.64 |  24.06 |  24.03 |  24.07 |  23.92 |  23.94 |  23.73 |  23.70 |  23.71 | 23.69  | 
-^ absolute change                      |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.03 |        | +| :::                                                      ^ previous             |  23.45 |  21.67 |  22.13 |  22.01 |  22.02 |  21.81 |  21.65 |  21.61 |  21.38 |  21.32 |  21.04 |  21.00 | 21.02  |        | 
-^ relative change [%]                  |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.13 |        | +| :::                                                      ^ absolute change      |   1.43 |   1.32 |   1.25 |   1.25 |   1.63 |   2.25 |   2.38 |   2.46 |   2.54 |   2.62 |   2.69 |   2.69 | 2.69   |        | 
-| **PM<sub>2.5</sub>**                 |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        | +| :::                                                      ^ relative change [%]  |   6.09 |   6.09 |   5.66 |   5.70 |   7.38 |  10.32 |  10.98 |  11.37 |  11.86 |  12.26 |  12.81 |  12.83 | 12.82  |        | 
-^ current submission                   |   1.81 |   1.70 |   1.77 |   1.77 |   1.77 |   1.74 |   1.72 |   1.72 |   1.69 |   1.68 |   1.65 |   1.65 |   1.66 | +|                                                          |                      |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        | 
-^ previous submission                  |   1.81 |   1.70 |   1.77 |   1.77 |   1.77 |   1.74 |   1.72 |   1.72 |   1.69 |   1.68 |   1.65 |   1.64 |        | +|  **PM<sub>2.5</sub>**                                    ^ current              |   1.90 |   1.78 |   1.85 |   1.85 |   1.87 |   1.88 |   1.87 |   1.87 |   1.85 |   1.84 |   1.81 |   1.81 |   1.82 | 1.82   | 
-^ absolute change                      |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |        | +| :::                                                      ^ previous             |   1.81 |   1.70 |   1.77 |   1.77 |   1.77 |   1.74 |   1.72 |   1.72 |   1.69 |   1.68 |   1.65 |   1.65 | 1.66   |        | 
-^ relative change [%]                  |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.16 |        |+| :::                                                      ^ absolute change      |   0.09 |   0.08 |   0.08 |   0.08 |   0.10 |   0.14 |   0.15 |   0.15 |   0.16 |   0.16 |   0.17 |   0.17 | 0.17   |        | 
 +| :::                                                      ^ relative change [%]  |   4.92 |   4.84 |   4.42 |   4.41 |   5.73 |   8.06 |   8.61 |   8.92 |   9.37 |   9.74 |  10.22 |  10.22 | 10.16  |        |
  
 ==== Planned improvements ==== ==== Planned improvements ====
Line 443: Line 455:
  
 __Table 22: Arable land and grassland, in [1000 ha]__ __Table 22: Arable land and grassland, in [1000 ha]__
-^  1990    ^  1995   ^  2000   ^  2005   ^  2010   ^  2015   ^  2016   ^  2017   ^  2018   ^  2019   ^  2020   ^  2021   ^  2022   ^ +^  1990   ^  1995   ^  2000   ^  2005   ^  2010   ^  2015   ^  2016   ^  2017   ^  2018   ^  2019   ^  2020   ^  2021   ^  2022   ^ 2023    ^ 
-| 16.506  | 15.312  | 15.498  | 15.561  | 15.734  | 15.719  | 15.662  | 15.647  | 15.570  | 15.563  | 15.447  | 15.376  | 15.336  |+| 16,506  | 15,312  | 15,498  | 15,561  | 15,734  | 15,719  | 15,662  | 15,647  | 15,570  | 15,563  | 15,447  | 15,376  | 15,336  | 15,322  |
  
 ==== Methodology ==== ==== Methodology ====
Line 456: Line 468:
  
 __Table 23: IEF for NMVOC emissions from crop production, in [kg ha-1]__ __Table 23: IEF for NMVOC emissions from crop production, in [kg ha-1]__
-^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  2021  ^  2022  ^ +^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  2021  ^  2022  ^ 2023  ^ 
-|  0.47  |  0.53  |  0.57  |  0.59  |  0.61  |  0.63  |  0.62  |  0.62  |  0.50  |  0.55  |  0.59  |  0.61  |  0.58  |+|  0.47  |  0.53  |  0.57  |  0.59  |  0.61  |  0.63  |  0.62  |  0.62  |  0.50  |  0.55  |  0.59  |  0.61  |  0.58  | 0.60  |
 ==== Trend discussion for Key Sources ==== ==== Trend discussion for Key Sources ====
 NMVOC emissions from crop production are no key sources. NMVOC emissions from crop production are no key sources.
Line 465: Line 477:
 There were no recalculations. Further details on recalculations are described in Rösemann et al. (2025), Chapter 1.3.  There were no recalculations. Further details on recalculations are described in Rösemann et al. (2025), Chapter 1.3. 
  
-__Table 24: REC-8: Revised NMVOC emissions, in kilotonnes__ +__Table 24: Comparison of NMVOC emissions [kt] with previous submission__ 
-|                                               ^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  2021  ^  2022  ^ +|         | Submission           ^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  2021  ^  2022  ^ 2023  ^ 
-^ current submission                            |   7.69 |   8.19 |   8.79 |   9.17 |   9.53 |   9.91 |   9.69 |   9.74 |   7.82 |   8.56 |   9.16 |   9.44 |   8.91 | +|  NMVOC  ^ current submission   |   7.69 |   8.19 |   8.79 |   9.17 |   9.53 |   9.91 |   9.69 |   9.74 |   7.82 |   8.56 |   9.16 |   9.44 |   8.91 | 9.23  | 
-^ previous submission                           |   7.69 |   8.19 |   8.79 |   9.17 |   9.53 |   9.91 |   9.69 |   9.74 |   7.82 |   8.56 |   9.16 |   9.43 |        | +|  :::    ^ previous submission  |   7.69 |   8.19 |   8.79 |   9.17 |   9.53 |   9.91 |   9.69 |   9.74 |   7.82 |   8.56 |   9.16 |   9.44 | 8.91   |       | 
-^ absolute change                               |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |        | +|  :::    ^ absolute change      |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 | 0.00   |       | 
-^ relative change [%]                           |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.05 |        |+|  :::    ^ relative change [%]  |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 |   0.00 | 0.00   |       |
  
 <WRAP center round info 65%> <WRAP center round info 65%>
-For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2022**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]].+For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2022**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 9.1 - Recalculations]].
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
 ==== Planned improvements ==== ==== Planned improvements ====
-No improvements are planned at present.+ 
 +<WRAP center round info 45%> 
 +At the moment, no category-specific improvements are planned. 
 +</WRAP>
  
 ==== Uncertainty ==== ==== Uncertainty ====