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sector:agriculture:agricultural_soils:start [2025/04/19 12:37] kotzullasector:agriculture:agricultural_soils:start [2025/04/28 16:31] (current) – [3.D.a.2.a - Animal manure applied to soils] tarakji
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 ==== Emission factors ==== ==== Emission factors ====
-The emission factors for NH<sub>3</sub> depend on fertilizer type, see EMEP (2023)-3D-17. Table 2 lists the EMEP emission factors for the fertilizers used in the inventory. In order to reflect average German conditions, the emission factors for cool climate and a pH value lower than 7 was chosen. For urea fertilizer the German fertilizer ordinance prescribes the use of urease inhibitors or the immediate incorporation into the soil from 2020 onwards. The NH<sub>3</sub> emission factor for urea fertilizers is therefore reduced by 70% from 2020 onwards for the immediate incorporation of urea, according to  Bittman et al. (2014, Table 15)((Bittman, S., Dedina, M., Howard C.M., Oenema, O., Sutton, M.A., (eds) (2014): Options for Ammonia Mitigation. Guidance from the UNECE task Force on Reactive Nitrogen. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh, UK.)). For the use of urease inhibitors the emission factor for urea fertilizer is reduced by 60%. For details see Rösemann et al. (2025)((Rösemann, C., Vos, C., Haenel, H.-D., Dämmgen, U., Döring, U., Wulf, S., Eurich-Menden, B., Freibauer, A., Döhler, H., Schreiner, C., Osterburg, B., Fuß,R. (2025) Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German agriculture 1990 – 2023 : Report on methods and data (RMD) Submission 2024www.eminv-agriculture.de)), Chapter 5.2.1.2.+The emission factors for NH<sub>3</sub> depend on fertilizer type, see EMEP (2023)-3D-17. Table 2 lists the EMEP emission factors for the fertilizers used in the inventory. In order to reflect average German conditions, the emission factors for cool climate and a pH value lower than 7 was chosen. For urea fertilizer the German fertilizer ordinance prescribes the use of urease inhibitors or the immediate incorporation into the soil from 2020 onwards. The NH<sub>3</sub> emission factor for urea fertilizers is therefore reduced by 70% from 2020 onwards for the immediate incorporation of urea, according to  Bittman et al. (2014, Table 15)((Bittman, S., Dedina, M., Howard C.M., Oenema, O., Sutton, M.A., (eds) (2014): Options for Ammonia Mitigation. Guidance from the UNECE task Force on Reactive Nitrogen. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh, UK.)). For the use of urease inhibitors the emission factor for urea fertilizer is reduced by 60%. For details see Rösemann et al. (2025)((Rösemann, C., Vos, C., Haenel, H.-D., Dämmgen, U., Döring, U., Wulf, S., Eurich-Menden, B., Freibauer, A., Döhler, H., Schreiner, C., Osterburg, B., Fuß,R. (2025) Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German agriculture 1990 – 2023 : Report on methods and data (RMD) Submission 2025https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/emissionsagriculture2025/-/wikis/home)), Chapter 5.2.1.2.
  
 __Table 2: Synthetic fertilizers, emission factors in kg NH<sub>3</sub> per kg fertilizer N__ __Table 2: Synthetic fertilizers, emission factors in kg NH<sub>3</sub> per kg fertilizer N__
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 =====  3.D.a.2.a - Animal manure applied to soils ===== =====  3.D.a.2.a - Animal manure applied to soils =====
-In this sub-category Germany reports the NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> (NO) emissions from application of manure (including application of anaerobically digested manure). An overview is given in Rösemann et al. (2025)((Rösemann, C., Vos, C., Haenel, H.-D., Dämmgen, U., Döring, U., Wulf, S., Eurich-Menden, B., Freibauer, A., Döhler, H., Schreiner, C., Osterburg, B., Fuß,R. (2025) Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German agriculture 1990 – 2023 : Report on methods and data (RMD) Submission 2024www.eminv-agriculture.de)), Chapters 5.2.1.2 and 5.2.2.2.+In this sub-category Germany reports the NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> (NO) emissions from application of manure (including application of anaerobically digested manure). An overview is given in Rösemann et al. (2025)((Rösemann, C., Vos, C., Haenel, H.-D., Dämmgen, U., Döring, U., Wulf, S., Eurich-Menden, B., Freibauer, A., Döhler, H., Schreiner, C., Osterburg, B., Fuß,R. (2025) Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German agriculture 1990 – 2023 : Report on methods and data (RMD) Submission 2025https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/emissionsagriculture2025/-/wikis/home)), Chapters 5.2.1.2 and 5.2.2.2.
 Germany uses the Tier 2 methodology for estimating NMVOC emissions for cattle in sector 3.B (manure management). The use of this methodology yields NMVOC emissions which formally could be reported in the sectors 3.D.a.2.a and 3.D.a.3 (grazing emissions). However, to be congruent with the NMVOC emissions for other animal categories, Germany reports these emissions in the NMVOC emissions reported from manure management (3.B). For the NFR codes 3.D.a.2.a and 3.D.a.3 the notation key IE is used for NMVOC emissions.  Germany uses the Tier 2 methodology for estimating NMVOC emissions for cattle in sector 3.B (manure management). The use of this methodology yields NMVOC emissions which formally could be reported in the sectors 3.D.a.2.a and 3.D.a.3 (grazing emissions). However, to be congruent with the NMVOC emissions for other animal categories, Germany reports these emissions in the NMVOC emissions reported from manure management (3.B). For the NFR codes 3.D.a.2.a and 3.D.a.3 the notation key IE is used for NMVOC emissions. 
  
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 The calculation of the amount of N in manure applied is based on the N mass flow approach (see 3.B). It is the total of N excreted by animals in the housing and the N imported with bedding material minus N losses by emissions of N species from housing and storage. Hence, the amount of total N includes the N contained in anaerobically digested manures to be applied to the field.  The calculation of the amount of N in manure applied is based on the N mass flow approach (see 3.B). It is the total of N excreted by animals in the housing and the N imported with bedding material minus N losses by emissions of N species from housing and storage. Hence, the amount of total N includes the N contained in anaerobically digested manures to be applied to the field. 
  
-The frequencies of application techniques and incorporation times as well as the underlying data sources are described in Rösemann et al. (2025) ((Rösemann, C., Vos, C., Haenel, H.-D., Dämmgen, U., Döring, U., Wulf, S., Eurich-Menden, B., Freibauer, A., Döhler, H., Schreiner, C., Osterburg, B., Fuß,R. (2025) Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German agriculture 1990 – 2023 : Report on methods and data (RMD) Submission 2024www.eminv-agriculture.de)), Chapter 2.5. The frequencies are provided. in the NID 2025((NID (2025): National Inventory Report 2025 for the German Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990-2022. Available in April 2025.)), Chapter 17.3.1. +The frequencies of application techniques and incorporation times as well as the underlying data sources are described in Rösemann et al. (2025) ((Rösemann, C., Vos, C., Haenel, H.-D., Dämmgen, U., Döring, U., Wulf, S., Eurich-Menden, B., Freibauer, A., Döhler, H., Schreiner, C., Osterburg, B., Fuß,R. (2025) Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German agriculture 1990 – 2023 : Report on methods and data (RMD) Submission 2025https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/emissionsagriculture2025/-/wikis/home)), Chapter 2.5. The frequencies are provided. in the NID 2025((NID (2025): National Inventory Report 2025 for the German Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990-2022. Available in April 2025.)), Chapter 17.3.1. 
  
 __Table 5: AD for the estimation of NH<sub>3</sub> and  NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from application of manure__ __Table 5: AD for the estimation of NH<sub>3</sub> and  NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from application of manure__
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 ==== Methodology ==== ==== Methodology ====
-NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from manure application are calculated separately for each animal species in the mass flow approach by multiplying the respective TAN amount with NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors for the various manure application techniques. For details see [[sector:agriculture:manure_management:start|[3-b-manure-management 3.B]]] and Rösemann et al. (2025)((Rösemann, C., Vos, C., Haenel, H.-D., Dämmgen, U., Döring, U., Wulf, S., Eurich-Menden, B., Freibauer, A., Döhler, H., Schreiner, C., Osterburg, B., Fuß,R. (2025) Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German agriculture 1990 – 2023 : Report on methods and data (RMD) Submission 2024www.eminv-agriculture.de)), Chapter 5.2.1.2. For NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from manure application the inventory calculates NO-N emissions (see Rösemann et al. (2025) ((Rösemann, C., Vos, C., Haenel, H.-D., Dämmgen, U., Döring, U., Wulf, S., Eurich-Menden, B., Freibauer, A., Döhler, H., Schreiner, C., Osterburg, B., Fuß,R. (2025) Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German agriculture 1990 – 2023 : Report on methods and data (RMD) Submission 2024www.eminv-agriculture.de)), Chapter 5.2.2.2, that are subsequently converted into NO<sub>x</sub> emissions by multiplying with the molar weight ratio 46/14. The Tier 1 approach for the application of synthetic fertilizer as described in EMEP (2023)-3D-13 is used. +NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from manure application are calculated separately for each animal species in the mass flow approach by multiplying the respective TAN amount with NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors for the various manure application techniques. For details see [[sector:agriculture:manure_management:start|[3-b-manure-management 3.B]]] and Rösemann et al. (2025)((Rösemann, C., Vos, C., Haenel, H.-D., Dämmgen, U., Döring, U., Wulf, S., Eurich-Menden, B., Freibauer, A., Döhler, H., Schreiner, C., Osterburg, B., Fuß,R. (2025) Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German agriculture 1990 – 2023 : Report on methods and data (RMD) Submission 2025https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/emissionsagriculture2025/-/wikis/home)), Chapter 5.2.1.2. For NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from manure application the inventory calculates NO-N emissions (see Rösemann et al. (2025) ((Rösemann, C., Vos, C., Haenel, H.-D., Dämmgen, U., Döring, U., Wulf, S., Eurich-Menden, B., Freibauer, A., Döhler, H., Schreiner, C., Osterburg, B., Fuß,R. (2025) Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German agriculture 1990 – 2023 : Report on methods and data (RMD) Submission 2025https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/emissionsagriculture2025/-/wikis/home)), Chapter 5.2.2.2, that are subsequently converted into NO<sub>x</sub> emissions by multiplying with the molar weight ratio 46/14. The Tier 1 approach for the application of synthetic fertilizer as described in EMEP (2023)-3D-13 is used. 
  
 ==== Emission factors ==== ==== Emission factors ====
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 These differences are predominantly caused by a higher estimate of manure N, which is applied, compared to the last submission. Many of the recalculations have an effect on this. The two most important ones are **No. 3** (lower NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors for cattle and pig housing result in more N available for spreading) and **No. 4** (correction of horse numbers by a factor of 2.75), both of which increase emissions see [[sector:agriculture:start|main page of the agricultural sector]], list of recalculation reasons.  These differences are predominantly caused by a higher estimate of manure N, which is applied, compared to the last submission. Many of the recalculations have an effect on this. The two most important ones are **No. 3** (lower NH<sub>3</sub> emission factors for cattle and pig housing result in more N available for spreading) and **No. 4** (correction of horse numbers by a factor of 2.75), both of which increase emissions see [[sector:agriculture:start|main page of the agricultural sector]], list of recalculation reasons. 
-Further details on recalculations are described in Rösemann et al. (2025) ((Rösemann, C., Vos, C., Haenel, H.-D., Dämmgen, U., Döring, U., Wulf, S., Eurich-Menden, B., Freibauer, A., Döhler, H., Schreiner, C., Osterburg, B., Fuß,R. (2025) Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German agriculture 1990 – 2023 : Report on methods and data (RMD) Submission 2024www.eminv-agriculture.de)), Chapter 1.3. +Further details on recalculations are described in Rösemann et al. (2025) ((Rösemann, C., Vos, C., Haenel, H.-D., Dämmgen, U., Döring, U., Wulf, S., Eurich-Menden, B., Freibauer, A., Döhler, H., Schreiner, C., Osterburg, B., Fuß,R. (2025) Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German agriculture 1990 – 2023 : Report on methods and data (RMD) Submission 2025https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/emissionsagriculture2025/-/wikis/home)), Chapter 1.3. 
  
 __Table 7: Comparison of NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions [kt] with previous submission__ __Table 7: Comparison of NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions [kt] with previous submission__
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 ===== 3.D.a.2.b – Sewage sludge applied to soils ===== ===== 3.D.a.2.b – Sewage sludge applied to soils =====
-The calculation of NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> (NO) emissions from application of sewage sludge is described in Rösemann et al. (2025) ((Rösemann, C., Vos, C., Haenel, H.-D., Dämmgen, U., Döring, U., Wulf, S., Eurich-Menden, B., Freibauer, A., Döhler, H., Schreiner, C., Osterburg, B., Fuß,R. (2025) Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German agriculture 1990 – 2023 : Report on methods and data (RMD) Submission 2024www.eminv-agriculture.de)), Chapters 5.2.1.2 and 5.2.2.2. +The calculation of NH<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> (NO) emissions from application of sewage sludge is described in Rösemann et al. (2025) ((Rösemann, C., Vos, C., Haenel, H.-D., Dämmgen, U., Döring, U., Wulf, S., Eurich-Menden, B., Freibauer, A., Döhler, H., Schreiner, C., Osterburg, B., Fuß,R. (2025) Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German agriculture 1990 – 2023 : Report on methods and data (RMD) Submission 2025https://git-dmz.thuenen.de/vos/emissionsagriculture2025/-/wikis/home)), Chapters 5.2.1.2 and 5.2.2.2. 
 ==== Activity data ==== ==== Activity data ====