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sector:energy:fugitive:geothermal:start [2025/04/28 15:45] kotzullasector:energy:fugitive:geothermal:start [2025/04/29 13:22] (current) kotzulla
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 In drilling operations for near-surface geothermal energy, as in drilling of wells for drinking water, only low emissions levels are normally encountered, due to the low gas concentrations found near the surface. In the interest of preventing gas releases, drilling of deep geothermal wells is subject to the same safety regulations that apply to hydrocarbon exploration, including obligations to use Christmas trees and blowout preventers, to prevent accidents. A study by Frick et al. (2007)[(FRICK2007)] estimates that NMVOC emissions from geothermal drilling sum up to nearly 30 kg/a. In drilling operations for near-surface geothermal energy, as in drilling of wells for drinking water, only low emissions levels are normally encountered, due to the low gas concentrations found near the surface. In the interest of preventing gas releases, drilling of deep geothermal wells is subject to the same safety regulations that apply to hydrocarbon exploration, including obligations to use Christmas trees and blowout preventers, to prevent accidents. A study by Frick et al. (2007)[(FRICK2007)] estimates that NMVOC emissions from geothermal drilling sum up to nearly 30 kg/a.
  
-===== References ===== 
  
-[(FRICK2007> Frick et al. (2007): Frick, St., Schröder, G., Rychtyk, M., and Bohnenschäfer, W.: Umwelteffekte einer geothermischen Stromerzeugung -Analyse und Bewertung der klein-und großräumigen Umwelteffekte der geothermischen Stromerzeugung (FKZ 205 421 10), Institute for Energy and Environment (Institut für Energetik und Umwelt gGmbH (IE)) on order of the Umweltbundesamt; https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/1410/publikationen/endbericht_fkz_205_42_110-gesamtausgabe.pdf; Leipzig, 2007)] +[(FRICK2007> Frick et al. (2007): Frick, St., Schröder, G., Rychtyk, M., and Bohnenschäfer, W.: Umwelteffekte einer geothermischen Stromerzeugung -Analyse und Bewertung der klein-und großräumigen Umwelteffekte der geothermischen Stromerzeugung (FKZ 205 421 10), Institute for Energy and Environment (Institut für Energetik und Umwelt gGmbH (IE))on behalf of the Umweltbundesamt; https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/1410/publikationen/endbericht_fkz_205_42_110-gesamtausgabe.pdf; Leipzig, 2007)] 
-[(THELOKE2013> Theloke et al. (2013): Theloke, J. et al.: Ermittlung von Emissionsfaktoren von Aktivitätsraten in IPCC-Kategorie 1.B.2.a.i-vi; Diffuse Emissionen aus Mineralöl und MineralölproduktenInstitut für Energiewirtschaft und Rationelle Energieanwendung (IER) (University of Stuttgart) with Eurofins GfA GmbH (Mannheim) and Ökopol GmbH (Hamburg), on order of the Umweltbundesamt, Dessau-Roßlau, 2013 (not available online))]+ 
 +[(THELOKE2013> Theloke et al. (2013): Theloke, J., Kampffmeyer, T., Kugler, U., Friedrich, R., Schilling, S., Wolf, L., & Springwald, T.: Ermittlung von Emissionsfaktoren und Aktivitätsraten im Bereich IPCC - Diffuse Emissionen aus Mineralöl und MineralölproduktenInstitut für Energiewirtschaft und Rationelle Energieanwendung (IER) (University of Stuttgart) with Eurofins GfA GmbH (Mannheim) and Ökopol GmbH (Hamburg), on behalf of the Umweltbundesamt, Dessau-Roßlau, 2013 (not available online))]