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sector:energy:fugitive:oil:start [2023/03/21 13:13] – [1.B.2.a.v- Distribution of oil products] kotzullasector:energy:fugitive:oil:start [2025/03/27 16:13] (current) – kotzulla
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 {{ :sector:energy:fugitive:oil:oiltank.jpg?nolink&400|}} {{ :sector:energy:fugitive:oil:oiltank.jpg?nolink&400|}}
-^ Category Code  ^  Method              ||||^  AD              ||||^  EF              ||||| +^ Category Code                            ^  Method  ^  AD  ^  EF  |    
-| 1.B.2.a.i      |  T2                  |||||  AS              |||||  CS              ||||| +| 1.B.2.a.i                                |  T2      |  AS  |  CS  |    
-| 1.B.2.a.iv     |  T2                  |||||  AS              |||||  CS              ||||| +| 1.B.2.a.iv                               |  T2      |  AS  |  CS  |    
-| 1.B.2.a.v      |  T2                  |||||  AS              |||||  CS              |||||+| 1.B.2.a.v                                |  T2      |  AS  |  CS  |    
 +| {{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}}                          ||||    
 +\\
  
-^  Key Category  ^  NO<sub>x</sub>  ^  NMVOC  ^  SO<sub>2</sub>  ^  NH<sub>3</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  TSP  ^  BC  ^  CO   ^  PB  ^  Cd  ^  Hg  ^  Diox  ^  PAH  ^  HCB  ^ +^  Key Category                          ^  NO<sub>x</sub>  ^  NMVOC  ^  SO<sub>2</sub>  |  NH<sub>3</sub>  |  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |  PM<sub>10</sub>  |  TSP  |  BC  |  CO  |  Pb  |  Cd  ^  Hg   |  Additional HM  |  POPs  | 
-| 1.B.2.a.i      |  -               |  -/-    |  -               |  -               |  -                 |  -                |  -    |  -   |  -    |  -   |  -   |  -   |  -     |  -    |  -    | +| 1.B.2.a.i                              |  NA              |  -/-    |  NA              |  NA              |  NA                |  NA               |  NA   |  NA  |  NA  |  NA  |  NA  |  -/-  |  NA             |  NA    | 
-| 1.B.2.a.iv     |  -/-             |  -/-    |  -/-             |  -               |  -                 |  -                |  -    |  -   |  -/-  |  -   |  -   |  -   |  -     |  -    |  -    | +| 1.B.2.a.iv                             |  -/-             |  -/-    |  -/-             |  NA              |  NA                |  NA               |  NA   |  NA  |  NA  |  NA  |  NA  |  NA   |  NA             |  NA    | 
-| 1.B.2.a.v      |  -               |  -/T    |  -               |  -               |  -                 |  -                |  -    |  -   |  -    |  -   |  -   |  -   |  -     |  -    |  -    | +| 1.B.2.a.v                              |  NA              ^  -/T    |  NA              |  NA              |  NA                |  NA               |  NA   |  NA  |  NA  |  NA  |  NA  |  NA   |  NA             |  NA    | 
- +| {{page>general:Misc:LegendKCA:start}}                                                                                                                                                                       |||||||||||||||
-. +
- +
-{{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}}+
  
  
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 __Table 1: Activity data applied for emissions from oil exploration__  __Table 1: Activity data applied for emissions from oil exploration__ 
-^                          ^  Unit  ^  1990    ^  1995     ^  2000    ^  2005    ^  2010    ^  2015    ^  2020    ^  2021   ^ +^                          ^  Unit  ^  1990    ^  1995     ^  2000    ^  2005    ^  2010    ^  2015    ^  2020   ^  2023    ^ 
-| number of wells          |  No.   |  12      |  17       |  15      |  23      |  16      |  18      |  12      |  8     | +| number of wells          |  No.   |  12      |  17       |  15      |  23      |  16      |  18      |  12     |  7       | 
-| total of drilling meter  |  m     |  50,140  |  109,187  |  41,378  |  63,994  |  51,411  |  32,773  |  6,220  |  8,740  |+| total of drilling meter  |  m     |  50,140  |  109,187  |  41,378  |  63,994  |  51,411  |  32,773  |  6,220  |  29.380  |
  
  
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 __Table 3: Annual amounts of oil produced, in [kt]__  __Table 3: Annual amounts of oil produced, in [kt]__ 
-^  1990   ^  1995   ^  2000   ^  2005   ^  2010   ^  2015   ^  2020   ^  2021   ^ +^  1990   ^  1995   ^  2000   ^  2005   ^  2010   ^  2015   ^  2020   ^  2023   ^ 
-|  3,606  |  2,959  |  3,123  |  3,573  |  2,516  |  2,414  |  1,907  |  1,804  |+|  3,606  |  2,959  |  3,123  |  3,573  |  2,516  |  2,414  |  1,907  |  1,620  |
  
  
 The emissions from production and processing are measured or calculated by the operators, and the pertinent data is published in the annual reports of the Federal association of the natural gas, oil and geothermal energy industries (BVEG) [(BVEG)]. The emission factors are determined from the reported emissions and the activity data. The emissions from production and processing are measured or calculated by the operators, and the pertinent data is published in the annual reports of the Federal association of the natural gas, oil and geothermal energy industries (BVEG) [(BVEG)]. The emission factors are determined from the reported emissions and the activity data.
  
-__Table 4: NMVOC emission factor applied for emissions from oil production, in [kg/m³]__ +__Table 4: NMVOC emission factor applied for emissions from oil production, in [g/m³]__ 
-^  Value  ^ +^  Substance   ^  Emission Factor   ^ 
-|  0.079  | +|  NMVOC       |   63            | 
 +|  Mercury     |  0,001          | 
 + 
 Transport emissions are tied to activities of logistics companies and of pipeline operators and pipeline networks. After the first treatment, crude oil is transported to refineries. Almost all transport of crude oil takes place via pipelines. Pipelines are stationary and, normally, run underground. In contrast to other types of transport, petroleum transport is not interrupted by handling processes. Transport emissions are tied to activities of logistics companies and of pipeline operators and pipeline networks. After the first treatment, crude oil is transported to refineries. Almost all transport of crude oil takes place via pipelines. Pipelines are stationary and, normally, run underground. In contrast to other types of transport, petroleum transport is not interrupted by handling processes.
  
 __Table 5: Activity data applied for emissions from oil transportation, in [kt]__  __Table 5: Activity data applied for emissions from oil transportation, in [kt]__ 
-^ Activity                                ^  1990   ^  1995   ^  2000   ^  2005   ^  2010   ^  2015   ^  2020   ^  2021   ^ +^ Activity                                      ^  1990   ^  1995   ^  2000   ^  2005   ^  2010   ^  2015   ^  2020   ^  2023   ^ 
-| Transport of domestically produced crude oil  |   3,660 |   2,940 |   3,123 |   3,572 |   2,516 |   2,414 |   1,907 |   1,804 | +| Transport of domestically produced crude oil  |   3,660 |   2,940 |   3,123 |   3,572 |   2,516 |   2,414 |   1,907 |   1,620 | 
-| Transport of imported crude oil               |  84,043 |  86,063 |  89,280 |  97,474 |  93,270 |  91,275 |  83,049 |  81,402 | +| Transport of imported crude oil               |  84,043 |  86,063 |  89,280 |  97,474 |  93,270 |  91,275 |  83,049 |  77,171 | 
-| Transport via inland-waterway tankers         |      89 |      67 |     112 |     176 |       6 |      43 |      46 |      64 |+| Transport via inland-waterway tankers         |      89 |      67 |     112 |     176 |       6 |      43 |      46 |      44 |
  
  
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 __Table 8: Activity data applied for emissions from oil refinement and storage__  __Table 8: Activity data applied for emissions from oil refinement and storage__ 
-^ Activity                                                           ^  unit     ^  1990     ^  1995     ^  2000     ^  2005     ^  2010     ^  2015     ^  2020     ^  2021     ^ +^ Activity                                                           ^  unit     ^  1990     ^  1995     ^  2000     ^  2005     ^  2010     ^  2015     ^  2020     ^  2023     ^ 
-| Quantity of crude oil refined                                      |  kt       |  107,058  |  96,475   |  107,632  |  114,589  |  95,378   |  93,391   |  83,990   |  84,138   | +| Quantity of crude oil refined                                      |  kt       |  107,058  |  96,475   |  107,632  |  114,589  |  95,378   |  93,391   |  83,990   |  79,153   | 
-| Capacity utilisation in refineries                                 |  %        |  106      |  92       |  95       |  99       |  81       |  91       |  82       |  80       | +| Capacity utilisation in refineries                                 |  %        |  106      |  92       |  95       |  99       |  81       |  91       |  82       |  76       | 
-| Crude-oil-refining capacity in refineries                          |  kt       |  100,765  |  104,750  |  112,940  |  115,630  |  117,630  |  103,080  |  105,655  |  105,655  | +| Crude-oil-refining capacity in refineries                          |  kt       |  100,765  |  104,750  |  112,940  |  115,630  |  117,630  |  103,080  |  105,655  |  104.086  | 
-| Tank-storage capacity in refineries and pipeline terminals         |  Mill m³  |  27,1     |  28,4     |  24,9     |  24       |  22,5     |  22       |  20,7     |  20,9     | +| Tank-storage capacity in refineries and pipeline terminals         |  Mill m³  |  27,1     |  28,4     |  24,9     |  24       |  22,5     |  22       |  20,7     |  21,1     | 
-| Storage capacity of tank-storage facilities outside of refineries  |  Mill m³  |  15,4     |  15,9     |  18,1     |  17       |  15,9     |  15,3     |  15,3     |  15,0     | +| Storage capacity of tank-storage facilities outside of refineries  |  Mill m³  |  15,4     |  15,9     |  18,1     |  17       |  15,9     |  15,3     |  15,3     |  15       | 
-| Storage capacity of caverns                                        |  Mill m³  |  26,6     |  25,3     |  27,9     |  27,2     |  27,2     |  25,5     |  25,5     |  25,5     |+| Storage capacity of caverns                                        |  Mill m³  |  26,6     |  25,3     |  27,9     |  27,2     |  27,2     |  25,5     |  25,5     |  28,3     |
  
 **Processing** **Processing**
-The emission factors used for NMVOC, CO, NOₓ and SO₂ were determined by evaluating the emission declarations of the period 2004 through 2016 in the framework of a research project (Bender & von Müller, 2019) [(Bender2019)].+The emission factors used for NMVOC, CO, NOₓ and SO₂ were determined by evaluating the emission declarations of the period 2004 through 2016 in the framework of a research project (Bender & von Müller, 2020) [(Bender2020)].
  
 **Tank-storage facilities in refineries** **Tank-storage facilities in refineries**
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 **Claus plants** **Claus plants**
  
-The emission factors used for NMVOC, CO, NOₓ und SO₂ were determined by evaluating emission declarations from refineries for the period 2004 through 2016, in the framework of a research project (Bender & von Müller, 2019)[(Bender2019)]. Since no data was available for earlier years, the data obtained this way was used for all years as of 1990.+The emission factors used for NMVOC, CO, NOₓ und SO₂ were determined by evaluating emission declarations from refineries for the period 2004 through 2016, in the framework of a research project (Bender & von Müller, 2020)[(Bender2020)]. Since no data was available for earlier years, the data obtained this way was used for all years as of 1990.
  
 {{ :sector:energy:fugitive:oil:raffinerie.jpg?nolink&400|}} {{ :sector:energy:fugitive:oil:raffinerie.jpg?nolink&400|}}
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 __Table 10: Annual activity data for the distribution of oil products__  __Table 10: Annual activity data for the distribution of oil products__ 
-^ Activity                           ^  Unit  ^  1990   ^  1995   ^  2000   ^  2005   ^  2010   ^  2015   ^  2020   ^  2021   ^ +^ Activity                           ^  Unit  ^  1990   ^  1995   ^  2000   ^  2005   ^  2010   ^  2015   ^  2020   ^  2023   ^ 
-| number of petrol stations          |  No    |  19,317 |  17,957 |  16,324 |  15,187 |  14,744 |  14,531 |  14,459 |  14,429 | +| number of petrol stations          |  No    |  19,317 |  17,957 |  16,324 |  15,187 |  14,744 |  14,531 |  14,459 |  14,442 | 
-| distribution of diesel             |  kt    |  21,817 |  26,208 |  28,922 |  28,531 |  32,128 |  36,756 |  35,163 |  34,980 | +| distribution of diesel             |  kt    |  21,817 |  26,208 |  28,922 |  28,531 |  32,128 |  36,756 |  35,163 |  33,380 | 
-| distribution of jet fuel           |  kt    |   4,584 |   5,455 |   6,939 |   8,049 |   8,465 |   8,550 |   4,725 |   6,129 | +| distribution of jet fuel           |  kt    |   4,584 |   5,455 |   6,939 |   8,049 |   8,465 |   8,550 |   4,725 |   9,466 | 
-| distribution of light heating oil  |  kt    |  31,803 |  34,785 |  27,875 |  25,380 |  21,005 |  16,127 |  15,558 |  11,206 | +| distribution of light heating oil  |  kt    |  31,803 |  34,785 |  27,875 |  25,380 |  21,005 |  16,127 |  15,558 |  11,537 | 
-| distribution of domestic petrol    |  kt    |  31,257 |  30,333 |  28,833 |  23,431 |  19,634 |  18,226 |  16,218 |  16,428 |+| distribution of domestic petrol    |  kt    |  31,257 |  30,333 |  28,833 |  23,431 |  19,634 |  18,226 |  16,218 |  17,472 |
  
  
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 [(CECH2017>Cech, M., Davis, P., Gambardella, F., Haskamp, A., González, P. H., Spence, M., & Larivé, J.-F. (2017). Performance of European cross-country oil pipelines - Statistical summary of reported spillages in 2015 and since 1971 [[https://www.concawe.eu/publications/concawe-reports/|External Link]] )] [(CECH2017>Cech, M., Davis, P., Gambardella, F., Haskamp, A., González, P. H., Spence, M., & Larivé, J.-F. (2017). Performance of European cross-country oil pipelines - Statistical summary of reported spillages in 2015 and since 1971 [[https://www.concawe.eu/publications/concawe-reports/|External Link]] )]
 [(MBBM2010>Müller-BBM (2010). UBA research project No. 3707 42 103/ 01,  Aufbereitung von Daten der Emissionserklärungen gemäß 11. BImSchV aus dem Jahre 2004 für die Verwendung bei der UNFCC- und UNECE-Berichterstattung - Bereich Lageranlagen (Bericht Nr. M74 244/7, UBA FKZ 3707 42 103/01). [[https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/461/publikationen/3923.pdf|External Link]] )] [(MBBM2010>Müller-BBM (2010). UBA research project No. 3707 42 103/ 01,  Aufbereitung von Daten der Emissionserklärungen gemäß 11. BImSchV aus dem Jahre 2004 für die Verwendung bei der UNFCC- und UNECE-Berichterstattung - Bereich Lageranlagen (Bericht Nr. M74 244/7, UBA FKZ 3707 42 103/01). [[https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/461/publikationen/3923.pdf|External Link]] )]
-[(Bender2019>Bender, M., & von Müller, G. (2019). Emissionsfaktoren zu Raffinerien für die nationale Emissionsberichterstattung (FKZ 3716 41 107 0).)]+[(Bender2020>Bender, M., & von Müller, G. (2020). Emissionsfaktoren zu Raffinerien für die nationale Emissionsberichterstattung (FKZ 3716 41 107 0).)]
 [(VDI2000>VDI (2000). VDI-Richtlinie 2440: Emissionsminderung - Mineralölraffinerien, published by V. D. I. )] [(VDI2000>VDI (2000). VDI-Richtlinie 2440: Emissionsminderung - Mineralölraffinerien, published by V. D. I. )]
 [(BAUER2010>Bauer, S., Polcher, D. A., & Greßmann, A. (2010). Evaluierung der Anforderungen der 20. BImSchV für Binnentankschiffe im Hinblick auf die Wirksamkeit der Emissionsminderung klimarelevanter Gase (FKZ 3709 45 326). München.)] [(BAUER2010>Bauer, S., Polcher, D. A., & Greßmann, A. (2010). Evaluierung der Anforderungen der 20. BImSchV für Binnentankschiffe im Hinblick auf die Wirksamkeit der Emissionsminderung klimarelevanter Gase (FKZ 3709 45 326). München.)]