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sector:energy:fugitive:start [2024/03/14 10:45] – boettchersector:energy:fugitive:start [2025/04/02 08:54] (current) – [Trends in emissions] boettcher
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 1.B - "Fugitive emission from fuels" consist of following sub-categories: 1.B - "Fugitive emission from fuels" consist of following sub-categories:
  
-^  NFR-Code     ^  Name of category                                             ^ +^  NFR-Code     ^  Name of category                                               ^ 
-|  **1.B.1**    | [[sector:energy:fugitive:solid_fuels:start|Solid Fuels]]      | +|  **1.B.1**    |  [[sector:energy:fugitive:solid_fuels:start|Solid Fuels]]       | 
-|  **1.B.2.a**  | [[sector:energy:fugitive:oil:start|Oil]]                      | +|  **1.B.2.a**  |  [[sector:energy:fugitive:oil:start|Oil]]                       | 
-|  **1.B.2.b**  | [[sector:energy:fugitive:gas:start|Gas]]                      | +|  **1.B.2.b**  |  [[sector:energy:fugitive:gas:start|Gas]]                       | 
-|  **1.B.2.c**  | [[sector:energy:fugitive:flaring:start|Venting and Flaring]]  | +|  **1.B.2.c**  |  [[sector:energy:fugitive:flaring:start|Venting and Flaring]]   | 
-|  **1.B.3**    | [[sector:energy:fugitive:geothermal:start|Geothermal Energy]]      |+|  **1.B.3**    |  [[sector:energy:fugitive:geothermal:start|Geothermal Energy]]  |
  
  
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-| {{ :sector:energy:fugitive:co_2024.jpg?600 }}   | {{ :sector:energy:fugitive:nmvoc_2024.jpg?600 }}  |+| {{ :sector:energy:fugitive:co_2025.jpg?600 }}   | {{ :sector:energy:fugitive:nmvoc_2025.jpg?600 }}  |
 |  Carbon Monoxide                                |  NMVOC                                            | |  Carbon Monoxide                                |  NMVOC                                            |
 |                                                 |                                                   | |                                                 |                                                   |
-| {{ :sector:energy:fugitive:sox_2024.jpg?600 }}  | {{ :sector:energy:fugitive:tsp_2024.jpg?600 }}    |+| {{ :sector:energy:fugitive:sox_2025.jpg?600 }}  | {{ :sector:energy:fugitive:tsp_2025.jpg?600 }}    |
 |  SOx                                            |  Particulate Matter                               | |  SOx                                            |  Particulate Matter                               |
 +
 +
  
  
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 Currently, about 13 million m<sup>3</sup> of petrol fuels are transported in Germany via railway tank cars. This transport volume entails a maximum of 300,000 handling processes (loading and unloading). Some 5,000 to 6,000 railway tank cars for transport of petrol are in service. Transfer/handling (filling/unloading) and tank losses result in emissions of only 1.4 kt VOC per year. The emissions situation points to the high technical standards that have been attained in railway tank cars and pertinent handling facilities. On the whole, oil consumption is expected to stagnate or decrease. As a result, numbers of oil storage facilities can be expected to decrease as well. Currently, about 13 million m<sup>3</sup> of petrol fuels are transported in Germany via railway tank cars. This transport volume entails a maximum of 300,000 handling processes (loading and unloading). Some 5,000 to 6,000 railway tank cars for transport of petrol are in service. Transfer/handling (filling/unloading) and tank losses result in emissions of only 1.4 kt VOC per year. The emissions situation points to the high technical standards that have been attained in railway tank cars and pertinent handling facilities. On the whole, oil consumption is expected to stagnate or decrease. As a result, numbers of oil storage facilities can be expected to decrease as well.
  
-**Carbon monoxide** emissions occur during the production of coke and charcoal. The rising emissions are mainly attributed to the increasing production of charcoal and coke. A trend-reversing issue was the decommissioning of outdated plants in the 1990s. Flaring in oil refineries is the main source for carbon monoxide emission in category 1.B.2. In the early 1990s, emissions from distribution of town gas were also taken into account in calculations. In 1990, the town-gas distribution network accounted for a total of 16 % of the entire gas network. Of that share, 15 % consisted of grey cast iron lines and 84 % consisted of steel and ductile cast iron lines. Since 1997 no town gas has been distributed in Germany's gas mains. Town-gas was the only known source of CO emissions in category 1.B.2.b.+**Carbon monoxide** emissions occur during the production of coke. A trend-reversing issue was the decommissioning of outdated plants in the 1990s. Flaring in oil refineries is the main source for carbon monoxide emission in category 1.B.2. In the early 1990s, emissions from distribution of town gas were also taken into account in calculations. In 1990, the town-gas distribution network accounted for a total of 16 % of the entire gas network. Of that share, 15 % consisted of grey cast iron lines and 84 % consisted of steel and ductile cast iron lines. Since 1997 no town gas has been distributed in Germany's gas mains. Town-gas was the only known source of CO emissions in category 1.B.2.b.
  
  
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 Recalculations covering the past two years have been carried out as a result of the provisional nature of a number of statistics in this area.   Recalculations covering the past two years have been carried out as a result of the provisional nature of a number of statistics in this area.  
-In addition to this, results from several measurement campaigns for the purpose of determining emission factors for pipelines for natural gas were implemented in the inventory. These 
-measurements are oriented to the guidelines of the "Oil and Gas Methane Partnership (OGMP)" created by the Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) and the United Nations Environmental 
-Programme (UNEP). In consequence, methane emissions factors were changed and therewith the NMVOC split. These changes are described in the publication: [[https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/aktualisierung-der-emissionsfaktoren-fuer-methan|External link]]. 
- 
-Furthermore, the emission factors from lignite mining have been revised. In addition, mercury emissions from oil and gas production have been implemented.  
- 
-**Difference between Submission 2023 against 2022** 
- 
-__Table: Revision of emission estimates, change against submission 2022 in [kt]__ 
- 
-|                    |        ^  1990   ^  1995   ^  2000   ^  2005   ^  2010   ^  2015   ^  2020   ^ 
-^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  | 1.B.1  |  0,00   |  0,00   |  -0,07  |  -0,15  |  -0,21  |  -0,27  |  -0,16  | 
-^ :::                | 1.B.2  |  0,00   |  0,00   |  0,00   |  0,00   |  0,00   |  0,00   |  0,00   | 
-^  PM<sub>10</sub>   | 1.B.1  |  0,00   |  0,00   |  -0,47  |  -0,99  |  -1,41  |  -1,78  |  -1,07  | 
-^ :::                | 1.B.2  |  0,00   |  0,00   |  0,00   |  0,00   |  0,00   |  0,00   |  0,00   | 
-^  TSP               | 1.B.1  |  0,00   |  0,00   |  -0,97  |  -2,06  |  -2,94  |  -3,71  |  -2,24  | 
-^ :::                | 1.B.2  |  0,00   |  0,00   |  0,00   |  0,00   |  0,00   |  0,00   |  0,00   | 
-^  NMVOC             | 1.B.1  |  0,00   |  0,00   |  0,00   |  0,00   |  0,00   |  0,00   |  -0,01  | 
-^ :::                | 1.B.2  |  -0,97  |  -1,85  |  -2,15  |  -2,17  |  -1,76  |  0,21   |  2,27   | 
-^    Hg              | 1.B.1  |  0,00   |  0,00   |  0,00   |  0,00   |  0,00   |  0,00   |  0,00   | 
-^ :::                | 1.B.2  |  0,000016   |  0,000019   |  0,000020   |  0,000019   |  0,000013   |  0,000010   |  0,000006   | 
- 
  
 <WRAP center round info 60%> <WRAP center round info 60%>
-For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates reported for Base Year and 2020**, please see the recalculation tables following chapter [[general:recalculations:start|Chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]].+For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates reported for Base Year and 2023**, please see the recalculation tables following chapter [[general:recalculations:start|Chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]].
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
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-  * an ongoing research project estimates emissions from storage and cleaning of tanks for oil and oil products - results are planned to be implemented into the inventory in 2025/26+  * an ongoing research project estimates emissions from storage and cleaning of tanks for oil and oil products - results are planned to be implemented into the inventory in 2026