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sector:ippu:chemical_industry:other:start [2023/02/01 17:55] – [Recalculations] zhengsector:ippu:chemical_industry:other:start [2025/04/29 13:42] (current) – kotzulla
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 __Table 1: Overview of emission sources covered__ __Table 1: Overview of emission sources covered__
-^ Emission sources                                                    ^ Pollutants                                                  ^ Method  ^ AD  ^ EF     ^ Key Category  ^ +^  Emission sources                                                   ^  Pollutants                                                 ^  Method  ^  AD  ^  EF     ^  Key Category  ^ 
-| [[#Large Volume Organic chemicals|Large Volume Organic chemicals]]  | NMVOC (PCDD/F <sub>only for Ethylene Dichloride</sub>)      | T2      | NS  | CS     |               | +| [[#Large Volume Organic chemicals|Large Volume Organic chemicals]]  | NMVOC (PCDD/F <sub>only for Ethylene Dichloride</sub>)      |  T2      |  NS  |  CS     |                | 
-| [[#Carbon Black|Carbon Black]]                                      | CO, SO<sub>2</sub>, TSP, PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>  | T2      | NS  | D, CS  |               | +| [[#Carbon Black|Carbon Black]]                                      | CO, SO<sub>2</sub>, TSP, PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, BC |  T2      |  NS  |  D, CS  |                | 
-| [[#fertilizer_production|Fertilizers]]                              | TSP, PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>      | T2      | -   | D, CS  |               | +| [[#fertilizer_production|Fertilizers]]                              | TSP, PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>      |  T2      |  -   |  D, CS  |                | 
-| [[#Sulphuric acid|Sulphuric acid]]                                  | SO<sub>2</sub>                                              | T2      | NS  | CS     | L             | +| [[#Sulphuric acid|Sulphuric acid]]                                  | SO<sub>2</sub>                                              |  T2      |  NS  |  CS     |  L             | 
-| [[#Chlor-alkali industry|Chlor-alkali industry]]                    | Hg                                                          | T3      | PS  | -      |               |+| [[#Chlor-alkali industry|Chlor-alkali industry]]                    | Hg                                                          |  T3      |  PS  |  -      |                |
 {{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}} {{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}}
  
 ===== Method ===== ===== Method =====
  
-==== Large Volume Organic chemicals ==== +==== Large volume organic chemicals ==== 
-The annual production volumes for all large volume organic chemicals are extracted from national production statistics by the Federal Statistical Office [(DESTATIS, Fachserie 4, Reihe 3.1, Produzierendes Gewerbe, Produktion im Produzierenden Gewerbe (“manufacturing industry; production in the manufacturing industry”))]+ 
 +The annual production volumes for all large volume organic chemicals are extracted from national production statistics by the Federal Statistical Office [(DESTATIS, Fachserie 4, Reihe 3.1, Produzierendes Gewerbe, Produktion im Produzierenden Gewerbe (“manufacturing industry; production in the manufacturing industry”))].
  
 __These chemicals__ comprise: __These chemicals__ comprise:
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 The emission factors for the production of organic chemicals as shown in Tables 2 and 3 are derived from best reference documents for polymers and LVOC mostly for the early years. For later years, plant-specific data on an aggregated level were used. The emission factors for the production of organic chemicals as shown in Tables 2 and 3 are derived from best reference documents for polymers and LVOC mostly for the early years. For later years, plant-specific data on an aggregated level were used.
  
-__Table 2: national NMVOC emission factors for producing organic chemicals, in kg/t__+__Table 2: National NMVOC emission factors for the production of organic chemicals, in kg/t__ 
 +^            ^  Acrylonitrile  ^  Ethylbenzene  ^  Ethylene  ^  Ethylene Dichloride  ^  Ethylene Oxide  ^  Formaldehyde (Methanal)  ^  Methanol  ^  Phthalic Anhydride  ^  Propene  ^  Styrene  ^  Vinyl Chloride  ^ 
 +^ 1990-1994  |  5              |  0.6           |  5         |  C                    |  5               |  5                        |  0.04      |  5                   |  2.5      |  0.02     |  0.2             | 
 +^ 1995       |  0.07           |  0.02          |  0.4       |  C                    |  0.06            |  0.02                     |  0.04      |  0.2                 |  0.2      |  0.02     |  0.2             | 
 +^ 1996       |  0.05           |  0.015         |  0.3       |  C                    |  0.045           |  0.015                    |  0.04      |  0.15                |  0.15     |  0.02     |  0.15            | 
 +^ 1997       |  0.05           |  0.015         |  0.3       |  C                    |  0.045           |  0.015                    |  0.04      |  0.15                |  0.15     |  0.02     |  0.15            | 
 +^ 1998       |  0.04           |  0.012         |  0.25      |  C                    |  0.04            |  0.012                    |  0.04      |  0.12                |  0.12     |  0.02     |  0.12            | 
 +^ 1999       |  0.04           |  0.012         |  0.25      |  C                    |  0.04            |  0.012                    |  0.04      |  0.12                |  0.12     |  0.02     |  0.12            | 
 +^ from 2000  |  0.035          |  0.01          |  0.2       |  C                    |  0.03            |  0.01                     |  0.04      |  0.1                 |  0.1      |  0.02     |  0.1             |
  
-^ Product         ^ Acrylonitrile  ^ Ethylbenzene  ^ Ethylene  ^ Ethylene Dichloride  ^ Ethylene Oxide  ^ Formaldehyde (Methanal)  ^ Methanol  ^ Phthalic Anhydride  ^ Propene  ^ Styrene  ^ Vinyl Chloride  ^ 
-^ from 1990-1994  | 5              | 0.6           | 5         | C                    | 5               | 5                        | 0.04      | 5                   | 2.5      | 0.02     | 0.2             | 
-^ 1995            | 0.07           | 0.02          | 0.4       | C                    | 0.06            | 0.02                     | 0.04      | 0.2                 | 0.2      | 0.02     | 0.2             | 
-^ 1996            | 0.05           | 0.015         | 0.3       | C                    | 0.045           | 0.015                    | 0.04      | 0.15                | 0.15     | 0.02     | 0.15            | 
-^ 1997            | 0.05           | 0.015         | 0.3       | C                    | 0.045           | 0.015                    | 0.04      | 0.15                | 0.15     | 0.02     | 0.15            | 
-^ 1998            | 0.04           | 0.012         | 0.25      | C                    | 0.04            | 0.012                    | 0.04      | 0.12                | 0.12     | 0.02     | 0.12            | 
-^ 1999            | 0.04           | 0.012         | 0.25      | C                    | 0.04            | 0.012                    | 0.04      | 0.12                | 0.12     | 0.02     | 0.12            | 
-^ from 2000       | 0.035          | 0.01          | 0.2       | C                    | 0.03            | 0.01                     | 0.04      | 0.1                 | 0.1      | 0.02     | 0.1             | 
  
-__Table 3: national NMVOC emission factors for producing polymers, in kg/t__ +__Table 3: National NMVOC emission factors for the production of polymers, in kg/t__ 
- +^            ^  Polyethylene (PE)                       |^  Polypropylen (PP)  ^  Polystyrene (PS)  ^  Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)  ^  Styrene Copolymeres  ^ 
-^ products            ^ Polyethylene (PE)                      |^ Polypropylen (PP)  ^ Polystyrene (PS)  ^ Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)  ^ Styrene Copolymeres  ^ +^            |  Low density (LD)   |  High density (HD)  |                     |                    |                            |                       | 
-^                     | Low density (LD)   | High density (HD)  |                    |                   |                           |                      | +^ 1990-1994  |  8                  |  6                  |  8                  |  1                 |  0.25                      |  5                    | 
-^ from 1990 to 1994   | 8                  | 6                  | 8                  | 1                 | 0.25                      | 5                    | +^ 1995       |  2.2                |  1                  |  1                  |  0.6               |  0.25                      |  0.6                  | 
-^ 1995                | 2.2                | 1                  | 1                  | 0.6               | 0.25                      | 0.6                  | +^ 1996       |  1.6                |  0.75               |  0.75               |  0.4               |  0.25                      |  0.5                  | 
-^ 1996                | 1.6                | 0.75               | 0.75               | 0.4               | 0.25                      | 0.5                  | +^ 1997       |  1.6                |  0.75               |  0.75               |  0.4               |  0.25                      |  0.5                  | 
-^ 1997                | 1.6                | 0.75               | 0.75               | 0.4               | 0.25                      | 0.5                  | +^ 1998       |  1.3                |  0.6                |  0.6                |  0.32              |  0.25                      |  0.4                  | 
-^ 1998                | 1.3                | 0.6                | 0.6                | 0.32              | 0.25                      | 0.4                  | +^ 1999       |  1.3                |  0.6                |  0.6                |  0.32              |  0.25                      |  0.4                  | 
-^ 1999                | 1.3                | 0.6                | 0.6                | 0.32              | 0.25                      | 0.4                  | +^ from 2000  |  1.1                |  0.5                |  0.5                |  0.27              |  0.14                      |  0.3                  |
-^ from 2000           | 1.1                | 0.5                | 0.5                | 0.27              | 0.14                      | 0.3                  |+
  
 ==== Carbon Black ==== ==== Carbon Black ====
  
-The figures for carbon black production in the new German Länder in 1990 were taken from the Statistical Yearbook (Statistisches Jahrbuch) for the Federal Republic of Germany; the figures for 1991 and 1992 were estimated, due to confidentiality requirements. The other data for carbon-black production as of 1990 were obtained from national production statistics<sup>**1)**</sup>. \\ \\+The figures for carbon black production in the new German Länder in 1990 were taken from the Statistical Yearbook (Statistisches Jahrbuch) for the Federal Republic of Germany; the production for 1991 and 1992 were estimated, due to confidentiality requirements. The other data for carbon-black production as of 1990 were obtained from national production statistics. \\ \\
 From 2005 onwards, Germany uses activity data calculated from the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions of the Emission Trading System (ETS), delivered by the German emission trading authority (DEHSt), and the default CO<sub>2</sub> emission factor from the IPCC Guidelines 2006 for carbon black production. A comparison of the statistical data and the emission trading data leads to the conclusion, that the statistical data is most probably overestimated. From 2005 onwards, Germany uses activity data calculated from the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions of the Emission Trading System (ETS), delivered by the German emission trading authority (DEHSt), and the default CO<sub>2</sub> emission factor from the IPCC Guidelines 2006 for carbon black production. A comparison of the statistical data and the emission trading data leads to the conclusion, that the statistical data is most probably overestimated.
  
 __Table 4: Emission factors of carbon black in Germany, in kg/t__ __Table 4: Emission factors of carbon black in Germany, in kg/t__
  
-^ Pollutant  ^ CO    ^ SO<sub>2</sub>    ^ TSP   ^ PM<sub>10</sub>  ^ PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^ +^            ^  CO    ^  SO<sub>2</sub>  ^  TSP   ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^ 
-^ 1990       | 4.80  | 19.16  | 0.28  |       |        | +^ 1990       |  4.80  |  19.16           |  0.28  |                   |                    | 
-^ 1991       | 4.60  | 19.01  | 0.28  |       |        | +^ 1991       |  4.60  |  19.01           |  0.28  |                   |                    | 
-^ 1992       | 4.40  | 18.50  | 0.27  |       |        | +^ 1992       |  4.40  |  18.50           |  0.27  |                   |                    | 
-^ 1993       | 4.20  | 18.00  | 0.26  |       |        | +^ 1993       |  4.20  |  18.00           |  0.26  |                   |                    | 
-^ 1994       | 4.00  | 17.50  | 0.25  |       |        | +^ 1994       |  4.00  |  17.50           |  0.25  |                   |                    | 
-^ 1995       | 3.75  | 17.00  | 0.25  | 0.23  | 0.12   | +^ 1995       |  3.75  |  17.00           |  0.25  |  0.23             |  0.12              | 
-^ 1996       | 3.50  | 16.00  | 0.25  | 0.23  | 0.12   | +^ 1996       |  3.50  |  16.00           |  0.25  |  0.23             |  0.12              | 
-^ 1997       | 3.25  | 15.00  | 0.25  | 0.23  | 0.12   | +^ 1997       |  3.25  |  15.00           |  0.25  |  0.23             |  0.12              | 
-^ 1998       | 3.00  | 14.00  | 0.25  | 0.23  | 0.12   | +^ 1998       |  3.00  |  14.00           |  0.25  |  0.23             |  0.12              | 
-^ 1999       | 2.90  | 13.40  | 0.25  | 0.23  | 0.12   | +^ 1999       |  2.90  |  13.40           |  0.25  |  0.23             |  0.12              | 
-^ 2000       | 2.80  | 12.80  | 0.25  | 0.23  | 0.12   | +^ 2000       |  2.80  |  12.80           |  0.25  |  0.23             |  0.12              | 
-^ 2001       | 2.70  | 12.54  | 0.25  | 0.23  | 0.12   | +^ 2001       |  2.70  |  12.54           |  0.25  |  0.23             |  0.12              | 
-^ 2002       | 2.65  | 12.28  | 0.25  | 0.23  | 0.12   | +^ 2002       |  2.65  |  12.28           |  0.25  |  0.23             |  0.12              | 
-^ 2003       | 2.60  | 12.00  | 0.25  | 0.23  | 0.12   | +^ 2003       |  2.60  |  12.00           |  0.25  |  0.23             |  0.12              | 
-^ 2004       | 2.55  | 11.70  | 0.25  | 0.23  | 0.12   | +^ 2004       |  2.55  |  11.70           |  0.25  |  0.23             |  0.12              | 
-^ 2005       | 2.50  | 11.50  | 0.25  | 0.23  | 0.12   | +^ 2005       |  2.50  |  11.50           |  0.25  |  0.23             |  0.12              | 
-^ 2006       | 2.50  | 11.20  | 0.24  | 0.22  | 0.12   | +^ 2006       |  2.50  |  11.20           |  0.24  |  0.22             |  0.12              | 
-^ 2007       | 2.50  | 10.90  | 0.23  | 0.21  | 0.11   | +^ 2007       |  2.50  |  10.90           |  0.23  |  0.21             |  0.11              | 
-^ 2008       | 2.50  | 10.60  | 0.22  | 0.20  | 0.11   | +^ 2008       |  2.50  |  10.60           |  0.22  |  0.20             |  0.11              | 
-^ 2009       | 2.50  | 10.30  | 0.21  | 0.19  | 0.10   | +^ 2009       |  2.50  |  10.30           |  0.21  |  0.19             |  0.10              | 
-^ from 2010  | 2.50  | 10.00  | 0.20  | 0.18  | 0.10   |+^ from 2010  |  2.50  |  10.00           |  0.20  |  0.18             |  0.10              |
  
  
 ==== Fertilizer production ==== ==== Fertilizer production ====
  
-The activity data is also extracted from national production statistics by the Federal Statistical Office<sup>**1)**</sup> and consists of mono and multicomponent fertilizers. +The activity data is also extracted from national production statistics by the Federal Statistical Office[(DESTATIS2024)] and consists of mono and multicomponent fertilizers. 
  
-The emission factors are country specific (Jörß et al. 2006)[(Umweltbundesamt, W: Jörß, V. Handke, Emissionen und Maßnahmenanalyse Feinstaub 2000-2020, 31.12.2006, Annex A, chapter A.2.4.8)] and are presented in the following table. +The emission factors are country specific values derived from Jörß et al. (2006)[(JOERSS2007)] and are presented in the following table. 
  
 __Table 5: Emission factors of fertilizers in Germany__ __Table 5: Emission factors of fertilizers in Germany__
- +^            ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^  TSP          ^ 
-^             ^  Emission factor (kg/t)                                     ||| +^ 1990       |  NA               |  NA                |  1.420376946  | 
-^ Pollutant          | PM<sub>10</sub>  | PM<sub>2.5</sub>  | TSP          | +^ 1991-1994  |  NA               |  NA                |  2            | 
-^ 1990               | NA               | NA                | 1.420376946  | +^ from 1995  |  0.115938         |  0.0781395         |  0.1695       |
-^ from 1991 to 1994  | NA               | NA                | 2            | +
-^ from 1995 onwards  | 0.115938         | 0.0781395         | 0.1695       |+
  
 ==== Urea production ==== ==== Urea production ====
 +
 The activity data is from the federal statistical office of Germany (GP 2015 31 300). The amount of urea is reported there in t-N.  The activity data is from the federal statistical office of Germany (GP 2015 31 300). The amount of urea is reported there in t-N. 
 As the emission factor is in kg/t urea, the reported amount of urea in t-N is multiplied with the molar mass of urea and divided with the molar mass of nitric (60.06/14).   As the emission factor is in kg/t urea, the reported amount of urea in t-N is multiplied with the molar mass of urea and divided with the molar mass of nitric (60.06/14).  
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-The emission factor is 2.5 kg/t urea, which is a T2 EF from the EMEP/EEA Guidebook 2019 [(European Environment Agency: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, Part B: sectoral guidance chapters, 2.B Chemical industry (Oct 2019): chapter 3.2.2, pp.32, table 3.2.9)]. +The emission factor of 2.5 kg/t urea is a tier2 default value derived from the EMEP/EEA Guidebook 2019[(EMEPEEA2019)].
  
  
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 The activity data for sulphuric acid production is from the Federal Statistical Office of Germany. The activity data for sulphuric acid production is from the Federal Statistical Office of Germany.
  
-For the SO<sub>x</sub> EF for sulphuric acid production a survey was made in the year 2019. The producers were directly asked by the association. Based on the data from the producers, new EFs for the years 2017 and 2018 were developed. All emissions were measured by the producers respectively or limit values are specified in the permit decision for the installation. The EF is weighted by the amount of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> produced. Big producers have more influence on the EF than small producers. The EF is smaller than the Default-EF. This is due to significant process optimizations and technology improvements since 1990.+For the SO<sub>x</sub> EF for sulphuric acid production a survey was made in 2019. The producers were directly asked by the association. Based on the producers data obtained, new EFs for the years 2017 and 2018 were developed.  
 + 
 +All emissions were measured by the producers respectively or limit values are specified in the permit decision for the installation. The derived (implied) EF is weighted by the amount of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> produced. Therefore, big producers have stronger influence on the (implied) EF.  
 + 
 +However, due to significant process optimizations and technology improvements implemented since 1990, the country-specific EF applied is well below the default.
  
 ==== Chlor-alkali industry ==== ==== Chlor-alkali industry ====
  
-For the mercury (Hg) losses from the Chlor-alkali industry, Germany used the yearly published data from OSPAR [(ODIMS (OSPAR Data & Information Management System); https://odims.ospar.org/en/search/?dataset=chlor_alkali_data)] on the plant specific production capacity for the AD and the plant specific emissions from the chlor-alkali industry. Because of the BAT (best available technique) conclusion for the Chlor-alkali industry, the production based upon the amalgam process has stopped in 2017. Most production sites switched to membrane technology. +For the mercury (Hg) losses from the Chlor-alkali industry, Germany used to apply the data annualy published by OSPAR [(ODIMS (OSPAR Data & Information Management System); https://odims.ospar.org/en/search/?dataset=chlor_alkali_data)] on plant specific production capacity for the AD and plant specific emissions from the chlor-alkali industry. 
-However, emissions of Hg are still ocurring, because two production sites still continue to uses the amalgam process for the production of certain alcoholates; not regulated by the BAT conclusions for Chlor-alkali production. Before 2018 these Hg-emissions were reported together with the Hg-emissions from Chlor-alkali production. But the OSPAR convention does not request the Hg-emissions from alcoholate production to be reported, so CEFIC does no longer report these emissions to OSPAR. +
-As from 2018 PRTR data is used to determine mercury emissions belonging to the alcoholate production. Due to a delay of the 2019 PRTR data the 2018 emission value is used also in 2019 and 2020.+
  
 +Because of the BAT (best available technique) conclusion for the Chlor-alkali industry, the production based upon the amalgam process has stopped in 2017. Most production sites switched to membrane technology.
  
 +However, Hg emissions are still ocurring because two production sites still continue to use the amalgam process for the production of certain alcoholates not regulated by the BAT conclusions for Chlor-alkali production. Before 2018, these Hg-emissions were reported together with the Hg from Chlor-alkali production. But the OSPAR convention does not request the Hg emissions from alcoholate production to be reported, so CEFIC does no longer report these emissions to OSPAR.
 +Therfore, as of 2018, PRTR data is used to determine mercury emissions belonging to the alcoholate production. 
  
  
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 For SO<sub>2</sub> emissions from sulphuric acid production, and for Hg emissions from chlor-alkali industry, the emissions of the two last years are always actualized. This is because the emissions of the last year are always a prediction, as the final emissions are still not published by the time of reporting. For SO<sub>2</sub> emissions from sulphuric acid production, and for Hg emissions from chlor-alkali industry, the emissions of the two last years are always actualized. This is because the emissions of the last year are always a prediction, as the final emissions are still not published by the time of reporting.
  
-From Submission 2022 the SO<sub>2</sub> emissions from titanium dioxide production are no longer confidential and are therefore reallocated back to category 2.B.6. Since then, the SO<sub>2</sub> emissions reported here are only from the sulphuric acid production.  +From Submission 2022 onwards, the SO<sub>2</sub> emissions from titanium dioxide production are no longer confidential and are therefore reallocated back to category 2.B.6. Since then, the SO<sub>2</sub> emissions reported here are only from the sulphuric acid production. Besides, Germany reports the NH<sub>3</sub> and TSP emissions from urea production instead of from nitric fertilizer production based on the Emep/EEA Guidebook method by using statistical data from the federal statistical office.
- +
-Besides, Germany reports NH<sub>3</sub> and TSP emissions from urea production instead of from nitric fertilizer production based on the Emep/EEA Guidebook method, using statistical data from the federal statistical office since the submission 2022.+
  
 Otherwise no recalculations of SO<sub>2</sub> from the sulphuric acid production, NH<sub>3</sub> und TSP from urea production are necessary compared to last year's submission. Otherwise no recalculations of SO<sub>2</sub> from the sulphuric acid production, NH<sub>3</sub> und TSP from urea production are necessary compared to last year's submission.
  
-<WRAP center round info 60%> +<WRAP center round info 65%> 
-For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]].+For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2022**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 9.1 - Recalculations]].
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
 ===== Planned improvements ===== ===== Planned improvements =====
  
-There are no planned improvements. +<WRAP center round info 45%> 
 +At the moment, no category-specific improvements are planned. 
 +</WRAP>
  
  
 +[(DESTATIS2024> Federal Statistical Office (Statistisches Bundesamt - Destatis): Fachserie 4, Reihe 3.1, Produzierendes Gewerbe, Produktion im Produzierenden Gewerbe (“manufacturing industry; production in the manufacturing industry”), Wiesbaden, 2024)]
 +[(JOERSS2007> Jörß et al. (2007): Jörß, W.; Handke, V. (Institut für Zukunftsstudien und Technologiebewertung (IZT), Berlin) mit Beiträgen von Lambrecht, U., Dünnebeil, Fr. (Institut für Energie und Umweltforschung Heidelberg (ifeu)): Emissionen und Maßnahmenanalyse Feinstaub 2000–2020. Annex A, chapter A.2.4.8, UBA-TEXTE Nr. 38/200; https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/emissionen-massnahmenanalyse-feinstaub-2000-2020; on behalf of the Umweltbundesamt; Dessau-Roßlau, 2007.)] 
 +[(EMEPEEA2019> EMEP/EEA (2019): European Environment Agency: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, Part B: sectoral guidance chapters, 2.B Chemical industry (Oct 2019): chapter 3.2.2, pp.32, table 3.2.9, Copenhagen, 2019)]