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sector:ippu:mineral_industry:construction_demolition:start [2025/04/08 11:06] – [Planned improvements] kotzullasector:ippu:mineral_industry:construction_demolition:start [2025/04/29 13:29] (current) – [FAQs] kotzulla
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-With respect to particle emissions, construction is the second main emissions source in the Mineral industries.+Regarding particle emissions, construction is the second-largest emissions source within NFR 2.A - Mineral industries.
  
 ===== Methodology ===== ===== Methodology =====
  
-Since the last update of the UNECE Guidebook, a Tier 1 method is applied to estimate particulate matter emissions. The T1 GB method is used by us with various adaptations to national conditions, so this is already higher tier, perhaps as T1/T2.+Since the last update of the EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook, a tier1 method is applied to estimate particulate matter emissions.  
 +However, this tier1 method is applied with various adaptations to national conditions improving it to a rather higher tier, perhaps T1/T2.
  
-The approach for uncontrolled fugitive emissions for this source category was adapted for national circumstances within a research Project (Umweltbundesamt, 2016) [(Umweltbundesamt, 2016: Development of Methods for the Generation of Emission Data for Air Pollutants from Building Activity and Construction Zones, Dessau-Roßlau, 2016, https://research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=46c9c9e5-c6f9-3229-b7af-6585eb409115)], partly considered exiting control techniques. As a result, the information of the statistics is combined with modified default emission factors for TSP and PM.+The approach for uncontrolled fugitive emissions from 2.A.5.b was adapted for national circumstances within a research project by Kampffmeyer & Visschedijk (2016) [(KAMPFFMEYER2016)], partly considering existing emission-control technologies. As a result, statistical information is combined with modified default emission factors for TSP and PM.
  
 ==== Activity data ==== ==== Activity data ====
  
-Activity data are determined taking into account figures for various construction activities. Data is based on production statistics (national statistics). According to the method used, figures of area of land affected by construction activities per building were concluded from statistical data and multiplied with emission factors, as explained below. The common uncertainty of 3% for national statistics could be increased as a result of this  calculation, but the effect is not estimated at the moment.+Activity data are determined taking into account figures for various construction activities and based on national production statistics.  
 + 
 +AD is a result of multiplying the number of houses constructed and a conversion factor. 
 + 
 +According to the method applied, figures of area of land affected by construction activities per building were concluded from statistical data and multiplied with emission factors, as explained below.
  
 ==== Emission factors ==== ==== Emission factors ====
  
-The emission factors used are results of Adaptation of UNECE-Defaults (EEA, 2016) [(EEA2023>EEA, 2023: EEA Report No 03/2023 EMEP EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2023, Copenhagen, 2023; https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2023/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/2-industrial-processes-and-product-use/2-a-mineral-products/2-a-5-b-construction/view)].+The emission factors used are results of the adaptation of EMEP/EEA Guidebook defaults (EMEP/EEA, 2023) [(EMEPEEA2023)].
  
-__Table 1: Overview of apllied emission factors, in [kg / m<sup>2</sup> * y, for roads in tons / km<sup>2</sup> * y]__ +__Table 1: Overview of apllied emission factors, in [kg/m<sup>2</sup> * y], for roads in [tons/km<sup>2</sup> * y]__ 
-^ Kind of building              ^  Pollutant         ^  EF value  ^  EF trend  ^ +^ type of building              ^  pollutant         ^  EF value  ^  EF trend            ^ 
-| single and two-family houses  |  TSP               |  0.0638    |  constant  | +| single and two-family houses  |  TSP               |  0.0638    |  constant over time  | 
-| :::                           |  PM<sub>10</sub>   |  0.0191    |  constant  | +| :::                           |  PM<sub>10</sub>   |  0.0191    |  constant over time  | 
-| :::                           |  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |  0.0019    |  constant  | +| :::                           |  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |  0.0019    |  constant over time  | 
-| apartment buildings           |  TSP               |  0.329     |  constant  | +| apartment buildings           |  TSP               |  0.329     |  constant over time  | 
-| :::                           |  PM<sub>10</sub>   |  0.099     |  constant  | +| :::                           |  PM<sub>10</sub>   |  0.099     |  constant over time  | 
-| :::                           |  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |  0.0099    |  constant  | +| :::                           |  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |  0.0099    |  constant over time  | 
-| non-residential               |  TSP               |  0.631     |  constant  | +| non-residential               |  TSP               |  0.631     |  constant over time  | 
-| :::                           |  PM<sub>10</sub>   |  0.189     |  constant  | +| :::                           |  PM<sub>10</sub>   |  0.189     |  constant over time  | 
-| :::                           |  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |  0.0189    |  constant  | +| :::                           |  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |  0.0189    |  constant over time  | 
-| roads                         |  TSP               |  1,674     |  constant  | +| roads                         |  TSP               |  1,674     |  constant over time  | 
-| :::                           |  PM<sub>10</sub>   |  502       |  constant  | +| :::                           |  PM<sub>10</sub>   |  502       |  constant over time  | 
-| :::                           |  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |  50.2      |  constant  |+| :::                           |  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |  50.2      |  constant over time  |
  
-Several further assumptions were necessary to use the formula of the Guidebook: +However, further assumptions were necessary in order to calculate:
-| EM = EF * B * f * m     ||+
  
-The EF is adapted with Moisture Level Correction factor and Silt Content Correction factor in all cases, both 0.20 and 2.22. The assumption about the duration of the construction activity uses the Default values (EEA, 2023)[(EEA2023)]: +For example, the emission factors are adapted with correction factors of (i) 0.20 for the moisture level and (ii) 2.22 for the silt content. 
-^ Type of building                                   ^^  Estimated duration (year)      ^^+  
 +The assumption about the duration of the construction activity uses default values from (EMEP/EEA, 2023)[(EMEPEEA2023)]: 
 + 
 +__Table 2: default duration of different construction activities, in years [y]__ 
 +^ Type of building                                   ^^  estimated duration       ^^
 | Construction of houses (single and two family)     ||  0.5 (6 months)                 || | Construction of houses (single and two family)     ||  0.5 (6 months)                 ||
 | Construction of apartments (all types)             ||  0.75 (9 months)                || | Construction of apartments (all types)             ||  0.75 (9 months)                ||
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 | Road construction                                  ||  1 (12 months)                  || | Road construction                                  ||  1 (12 months)                  ||
  
-AD is a result of multiplying B the number of houses constructed and f the conversion factor. 
  
 ===== Trends in emissions ===== ===== Trends in emissions =====
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 Note for all: small change for 2023 Note for all: small change for 2023
  
-Notes to PCB emissions of old buildings are given in chapter [[sector:ippu:pops_and_hm_consumption:start|2.K - Consumption of POPs and Heavy Metals]].+Notes on PCB emissions from old buildings are provided in chapter [[sector:ippu:pops_and_hm_consumption:start|2.K - Consumption of POPs and Heavy Metals]] of this report.
  
 ===== Recalculations ===== ===== Recalculations =====
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 <WRAP center round info 65%> <WRAP center round info 65%>
-For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2022**, please see the recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]].+For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2022**, please see the recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 9.1 - Recalculations]].
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
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 =====Planned improvements ===== =====Planned improvements =====
  
- +<WRAP center round info 45%>
-<WRAP center round info 60%>+
 At the moment, no category-specific improvements are planned. At the moment, no category-specific improvements are planned.
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
 ===== FAQs ===== ===== FAQs =====
 +
 //**Where can I find emissions estimation of demolition activities?**// - Demolishing without any significant new construction is not covered and there are no other emission factors available for demolition activities only. Nevertheless you can find Information about emissions from  //**Where can I find emissions estimation of demolition activities?**// - Demolishing without any significant new construction is not covered and there are no other emission factors available for demolition activities only. Nevertheless you can find Information about emissions from 
 [[sector:waste:other_waste:building_and_car_fires:start|5.E.2 - Other Waste: Building Fires]].  [[sector:waste:other_waste:building_and_car_fires:start|5.E.2 - Other Waste: Building Fires]]. 
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 //**Why do German EFs differ from EEA defaults?**// - It has to do with the default 50% reduction for non-residential buildings and roads (as a result of wetting unpaved temporary roads) that is assumed in the calculations for Germany. This is also already accounted for in the EPA emission factors. It is a result of a control measure that is nearly always taken but in principle optional. In the Guidebook a 50% reduction is advised. //**Why do German EFs differ from EEA defaults?**// - It has to do with the default 50% reduction for non-residential buildings and roads (as a result of wetting unpaved temporary roads) that is assumed in the calculations for Germany. This is also already accounted for in the EPA emission factors. It is a result of a control measure that is nearly always taken but in principle optional. In the Guidebook a 50% reduction is advised.
  
 +
 +[(KAMPFFMEYER2016> Kampffmeyer, T., Visschedijk, A.: Development of Methods for the Generation of Emission Data for Air Pollutants from Building Activity and Construction Zones, https://research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=46c9c9e5-c6f9-3229-b7af-6585eb409115; on behalf of the Umweltbundesamt, Dessau-Roßlau, 2016)]
 +[(EMEPEEA2023> EMEP/EEA (2023): EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2023; https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2023/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/2-industrial-processes-and-product-use/2-a-mineral-products/2-a-5-b-construction/@@download/file; Copenhagen, 2023)]