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sector:ippu:mineral_industry:construction_demolition:start [2025/04/10 09:50] – kotzullasector:ippu:mineral_industry:construction_demolition:start [2025/04/29 13:29] (current) – [FAQs] kotzulla
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-With respect to particle emissions, construction is the second main emissions source in the Mineral industries.+Regarding particle emissions, construction is the second-largest emissions source within NFR 2.A - Mineral industries.
  
 ===== Methodology ===== ===== Methodology =====
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 However, this tier1 method is applied with various adaptations to national conditions improving it to a rather higher tier, perhaps T1/T2. However, this tier1 method is applied with various adaptations to national conditions improving it to a rather higher tier, perhaps T1/T2.
  
-The approach for uncontrolled fugitive emissions for this source category was adapted for national circumstances within a research Project (Umweltbundesamt, 2016) [(Umweltbundesamt, 2016: Development of Methods for the Generation of Emission Data for Air Pollutants from Building Activity and Construction Zones, Dessau-Roßlau, 2016, https://research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=46c9c9e5-c6f9-3229-b7af-6585eb409115)], partly considered exiting control techniques. As a result, the information of the statistics is combined with modified default emission factors for TSP and PM.+The approach for uncontrolled fugitive emissions from 2.A.5.b was adapted for national circumstances within a research project by Kampffmeyer & Visschedijk (2016) [(KAMPFFMEYER2016)], partly considering existing emission-control technologies. As a result, statistical information is combined with modified default emission factors for TSP and PM.
  
 ==== Activity data ==== ==== Activity data ====
  
-Activity data are determined taking into account figures for various construction activities. Data is based on production statistics (national statistics). According to the method used, figures of area of land affected by construction activities per building were concluded from statistical data and multiplied with emission factors, as explained below. The common uncertainty of 3% for national statistics could be increased as a result of this  calculation, but the effect is not estimated at the moment.+Activity data are determined taking into account figures for various construction activities and based on national production statistics.  
 + 
 +AD is a result of multiplying the number of houses constructed and a conversion factor. 
 + 
 +According to the method applied, figures of area of land affected by construction activities per building were concluded from statistical data and multiplied with emission factors, as explained below.
  
 ==== Emission factors ==== ==== Emission factors ====
  
-The emission factors used are results of Adaptation of UNECE-Defaults (EEA, 2016) [(EEA2023>EEA, 2023: EEA Report No 03/2023 EMEP EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2023, Copenhagen, 2023; https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2023/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/2-industrial-processes-and-product-use/2-a-mineral-products/2-a-5-b-construction/view)].+The emission factors used are results of the adaptation of EMEP/EEA Guidebook defaults (EMEP/EEA, 2023) [(EMEPEEA2023)]. 
 + 
 +__Table 1: Overview of apllied emission factors, in [kg/m<sup>2</sup> * y], for roads in [tons/km<sup>2</sup> * y]__ 
 +^ type of building              ^  pollutant         ^  EF value  ^  EF trend            ^ 
 +| single and two-family houses  |  TSP               |  0.0638    |  constant over time  | 
 +| :::                           |  PM<sub>10</sub>   |  0.0191    |  constant over time  | 
 +| :::                           |  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |  0.0019    |  constant over time  | 
 +| apartment buildings           |  TSP               |  0.329     |  constant over time  | 
 +| :::                           |  PM<sub>10</sub>   |  0.099     |  constant over time  | 
 +| :::                           |  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |  0.0099    |  constant over time  | 
 +| non-residential               |  TSP               |  0.631     |  constant over time  | 
 +| :::                           |  PM<sub>10</sub>   |  0.189     |  constant over time  | 
 +| :::                           |  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |  0.0189    |  constant over time  | 
 +| roads                         |  TSP               |  1,674     |  constant over time  | 
 +| :::                           |  PM<sub>10</sub>   |  502       |  constant over time  | 
 +| :::                           |  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |  50.2      |  constant over time  |
  
-__Table 1: Overview of apllied emission factors, in [kg / m<sup>2</sup> * y, for roads in tons / km<sup>2</sup> * y]__ +However, further assumptions were necessary in order to calculate:
-^ Kind of building              ^  Pollutant         ^  EF value  ^  EF trend  ^ +
-| single and two-family houses  |  TSP               |  0.0638    |  constant  | +
-| :::                           |  PM<sub>10</sub>   |  0.0191    |  constant  | +
-| :::                           |  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |  0.0019    |  constant  | +
-| apartment buildings           |  TSP               |  0.329     |  constant  | +
-| :::                           |  PM<sub>10</sub>   |  0.099     |  constant  | +
-| :::                           |  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |  0.0099    |  constant  | +
-| non-residential               |  TSP               |  0.631     |  constant  | +
-| :::                           |  PM<sub>10</sub>   |  0.189     |  constant  | +
-| :::                           |  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |  0.0189    |  constant  | +
-| roads                         |  TSP               |  1,674     |  constant  | +
-| :::                           |  PM<sub>10</sub>   |  502       |  constant  | +
-| :::                           |  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |  50.2      |  constant  |+
  
-Several further assumptions were necessary to use the formula of the Guidebook: +For example, the emission factors are adapted with correction factors of (i) 0.20 for the moisture level and (ii) 2.22 for the silt content. 
-| EM = EF * B * f * m     ||+  
 +The assumption about the duration of the construction activity uses default values from (EMEP/EEA, 2023)[(EMEPEEA2023)]:
  
-The EF is adapted with Moisture Level Correction factor and Silt Content Correction factor in all cases, both 0.20 and 2.22. The assumption about the duration of the construction activity uses the Default values (EEA, 2023)[(EEA2023)]: +__Table 2: default duration of different construction activities, in years [y]__ 
-^ Type of building                                   ^^  Estimated duration (year)      ^^+^ Type of building                                   ^^  estimated duration       ^^
 | Construction of houses (single and two family)     ||  0.5 (6 months)                 || | Construction of houses (single and two family)     ||  0.5 (6 months)                 ||
 | Construction of apartments (all types)             ||  0.75 (9 months)                || | Construction of apartments (all types)             ||  0.75 (9 months)                ||
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 | Road construction                                  ||  1 (12 months)                  || | Road construction                                  ||  1 (12 months)                  ||
  
-AD is a result of multiplying B the number of houses constructed and f the conversion factor. 
  
 ===== Trends in emissions ===== ===== Trends in emissions =====
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 Note for all: small change for 2023 Note for all: small change for 2023
  
-Notes to PCB emissions of old buildings are given in chapter [[sector:ippu:pops_and_hm_consumption:start|2.K - Consumption of POPs and Heavy Metals]].+Notes on PCB emissions from old buildings are provided in chapter [[sector:ippu:pops_and_hm_consumption:start|2.K - Consumption of POPs and Heavy Metals]] of this report.
  
 ===== Recalculations ===== ===== Recalculations =====
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 <WRAP center round info 65%> <WRAP center round info 65%>
-For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2022**, please see the recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]].+For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2022**, please see the recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 9.1 - Recalculations]].
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
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-(Umweltbundesamt, 2016) [(Umweltbundesamt, 2016: Development of Methods for the Generation of Emission Data for Air Pollutants from Building Activity and Construction Zones, Dessau-Roßlau, 2016, https://research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=46c9c9e5-c6f9-3229-b7af-6585eb409115)]+[(KAMPFFMEYER2016> Kampffmeyer, T., Visschedijk, A.: Development of Methods for the Generation of Emission Data for Air Pollutants from Building Activity and Construction Zones, https://research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=46c9c9e5-c6f9-3229-b7af-6585eb409115; on behalf of the Umweltbundesamt, Dessau-Roßlau, 2016)] 
 +[(EMEPEEA2023> EMEP/EEA (2023): EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2023; https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2023/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/2-industrial-processes-and-product-use/2-a-mineral-products/2-a-5-b-construction/@@download/file; Copenhagen, 2023)]