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sector:ippu:mineral_industry:construction_demolition:start [2025/04/10 10:01] – kotzullasector:ippu:mineral_industry:construction_demolition:start [2025/04/29 13:29] (current) – [FAQs] kotzulla
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-With respect to particle emissions, construction is the second main emissions source in the Mineral industries.+Regarding particle emissions, construction is the second-largest emissions source within NFR 2.A - Mineral industries.
  
 ===== Methodology ===== ===== Methodology =====
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 Activity data are determined taking into account figures for various construction activities and based on national production statistics.  Activity data are determined taking into account figures for various construction activities and based on national production statistics. 
  
-According to the method applied, figures of area of land affected by construction activities per building were concluded from statistical data and multiplied with emission factors, as explained below. The common uncertainty of 3% for national statistics could be increased as a result of this  alculation, but the effect has not yet been quantified.+AD is a result of multiplying the number of houses constructed and a conversion factor. 
 + 
 +According to the method applied, figures of area of land affected by construction activities per building were concluded from statistical data and multiplied with emission factors, as explained below.
  
 ==== Emission factors ==== ==== Emission factors ====
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 __Table 1: Overview of apllied emission factors, in [kg/m<sup>2</sup> * y], for roads in [tons/km<sup>2</sup> * y]__ __Table 1: Overview of apllied emission factors, in [kg/m<sup>2</sup> * y], for roads in [tons/km<sup>2</sup> * y]__
-^ type of building              ^  pollutant         ^  EF value  ^  EF trend  ^ +^ type of building              ^  pollutant         ^  EF value  ^  EF trend            ^ 
-| single and two-family houses  |  TSP               |  0.0638    |  constant  | +| single and two-family houses  |  TSP               |  0.0638    |  constant over time  | 
-| :::                           |  PM<sub>10</sub>   |  0.0191    |  constant  | +| :::                           |  PM<sub>10</sub>   |  0.0191    |  constant over time  | 
-| :::                           |  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |  0.0019    |  constant  | +| :::                           |  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |  0.0019    |  constant over time  | 
-| apartment buildings           |  TSP               |  0.329     |  constant  | +| apartment buildings           |  TSP               |  0.329     |  constant over time  | 
-| :::                           |  PM<sub>10</sub>   |  0.099     |  constant  | +| :::                           |  PM<sub>10</sub>   |  0.099     |  constant over time  | 
-| :::                           |  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |  0.0099    |  constant  | +| :::                           |  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |  0.0099    |  constant over time  | 
-| non-residential               |  TSP               |  0.631     |  constant  | +| non-residential               |  TSP               |  0.631     |  constant over time  | 
-| :::                           |  PM<sub>10</sub>   |  0.189     |  constant  | +| :::                           |  PM<sub>10</sub>   |  0.189     |  constant over time  | 
-| :::                           |  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |  0.0189    |  constant  | +| :::                           |  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |  0.0189    |  constant over time  | 
-| roads                         |  TSP               |  1,674     |  constant  | +| roads                         |  TSP               |  1,674     |  constant over time  | 
-| :::                           |  PM<sub>10</sub>   |  502       |  constant  | +| :::                           |  PM<sub>10</sub>   |  502       |  constant over time  | 
-| :::                           |  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |  50.2      |  constant  |+| :::                           |  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |  50.2      |  constant over time  | 
 + 
 +However, further assumptions were necessary in order to calculate:
  
-Several further assumptions were necessary to use the formula of the Guidebook: +For example, the emission factors are adapted with correction factors of (i) 0.20 for the moisture level and (ii) 2.22 for the silt content. 
-| EM = EF * B * f * m     ||+  
 +The assumption about the duration of the construction activity uses default values from (EMEP/EEA, 2023)[(EMEPEEA2023)]:
  
-The EF is adapted with Moisture Level Correction factor and Silt Content Correction factor in all cases, both 0.20 and 2.22. The assumption about the duration of the construction activity uses the Default values (EEA, 2023)[(EEA2023)]: +__Table 2: default duration of different construction activities, in years [y]__ 
-^ Type of building                                   ^^  Estimated duration (year)      ^^+^ Type of building                                   ^^  estimated duration       ^^
 | Construction of houses (single and two family)     ||  0.5 (6 months)                 || | Construction of houses (single and two family)     ||  0.5 (6 months)                 ||
 | Construction of apartments (all types)             ||  0.75 (9 months)                || | Construction of apartments (all types)             ||  0.75 (9 months)                ||
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 | Road construction                                  ||  1 (12 months)                  || | Road construction                                  ||  1 (12 months)                  ||
  
-AD is a result of multiplying B the number of houses constructed and f the conversion factor. 
  
 ===== Trends in emissions ===== ===== Trends in emissions =====
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 Note for all: small change for 2023 Note for all: small change for 2023
  
-Notes to PCB emissions of old buildings are given in chapter [[sector:ippu:pops_and_hm_consumption:start|2.K - Consumption of POPs and Heavy Metals]].+Notes on PCB emissions from old buildings are provided in chapter [[sector:ippu:pops_and_hm_consumption:start|2.K - Consumption of POPs and Heavy Metals]] of this report.
  
 ===== Recalculations ===== ===== Recalculations =====
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 <WRAP center round info 65%> <WRAP center round info 65%>
-For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2022**, please see the recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]].+For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2022**, please see the recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 9.1 - Recalculations]].
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
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-[(KAMPFFMEYER2016> Kampffmeyer, T., Visschedijk, A.: Development of Methods for the Generation of Emission Data for Air Pollutants from Building Activity and Construction Zones, https://research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=46c9c9e5-c6f9-3229-b7af-6585eb409115; on order of the Umweltbundesamt, Dessau-Roßlau, 2016)]+[(KAMPFFMEYER2016> Kampffmeyer, T., Visschedijk, A.: Development of Methods for the Generation of Emission Data for Air Pollutants from Building Activity and Construction Zones, https://research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=46c9c9e5-c6f9-3229-b7af-6585eb409115; on behalf of the Umweltbundesamt, Dessau-Roßlau, 2016)]
 [(EMEPEEA2023> EMEP/EEA (2023): EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2023; https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2023/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/2-industrial-processes-and-product-use/2-a-mineral-products/2-a-5-b-construction/@@download/file; Copenhagen, 2023)] [(EMEPEEA2023> EMEP/EEA (2023): EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2023; https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2023/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/2-industrial-processes-and-product-use/2-a-mineral-products/2-a-5-b-construction/@@download/file; Copenhagen, 2023)]