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sector:other_and_natural_sources:natural_sources:other [2024/04/19 10:02] – [Short description] kotzullasector:other_and_natural_sources:natural_sources:other [2025/04/16 09:11] (current) – [Table] kotzulla
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 Within **NFR 11.C - Other Natural Sources: Other**, natural activities and resulting emissions other than volcanoes (11.A) and forest fires (11.B) are to be taken into account. Within **NFR 11.C - Other Natural Sources: Other**, natural activities and resulting emissions other than volcanoes (11.A) and forest fires (11.B) are to be taken into account.
 +
 +The 2023 EMEP/EEA Guidebook distinguishes the following emission sub-categories of **NFR 11.C - Natural Sources: Other**:
 +
 +^  NFR 11.C sub-categories                                                ^
 +| Other natural sources: Non-managed & managed forests                    |
 +| Other natural sources: Natural grassland and other vegetation           |
 +| Other natural sources: Wetlands and waters                              |
 +| Other natural sources: Animals                                          |
 +| Other natural sources: Geological seepage                               |
 +| Other natural sources: Forest & grassland soils                         |
 +| [[#Other natural sources: Lightning]]                                   |
 +| Other natural sources: Changes in forest and other woody biomass stock  |
 +| Other natural sources: Forest and grassland conversion                  |
 +| Other natural sources: Abandonment of managed land                      |
 +| Other natural sources: CO<sub>2</sub> from or removal into soil          |
 +| Other natural sources: Other                                            |
 +\\
 +
 +However, for the time being, from the natural sources listed above, only emissions from lightning is taken into account in the German emissions inventory.
 +
 +NOTE: As NFR 11.C is a memo item category, emissions reported here are not accounted for in the National Totals.
 +
 +===== Other natural sources: Lightning  =====
  
 For the time being, the only natural emission source reported within NFR 11.C is lightning. For the time being, the only natural emission source reported within NFR 11.C is lightning.
-As NFR 11.C is a memo item category, emissions reported here are not accounted for in the National Totals. 
  
-^  Category Code  ^  Name of category  ^  Method ^  AD  ^  EF  ^ + 
-|  11.C           |  Lightning         |  T1     |  NS  |  D   |+^  Category Code                          ^  Method  ^  AD  ^  EF  ^ 
 +|  11.C                                   |  T1      |  NS  |  D   | 
 +|  {{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}}                        ||||
 \\ \\
 ^  NO<sub>x</sub>                                                                    |  NMVOC  |  SO<sub>2</sub>  | NH<sub>3</sub>  |  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |  PM<sub>10</sub>  | TSP  |  BC  |  CO  |  Heavy Metals                                  |||||||||  POPs  | ^  NO<sub>x</sub>                                                                    |  NMVOC  |  SO<sub>2</sub>  | NH<sub>3</sub>  |  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |  PM<sub>10</sub>  | TSP  |  BC  |  CO  |  Heavy Metals                                  |||||||||  POPs  |
 ^  -/-                                                                               |  NA     |  NA              |  NA             |  NA                |  NA               |  NA  |  NA  |  NA  |  NA                                            |||||||||  NA    | ^  -/-                                                                               |  NA     |  NA              |  NA             |  NA                |  NA               |  NA  |  NA  |  NA  |  NA                                            |||||||||  NA    |
 |  //This memo item source category is not included in the key category analysis.//                                                                                                                                                               ||||||||||||||||||| |  //This memo item source category is not included in the key category analysis.//                                                                                                                                                               |||||||||||||||||||
- 
 \\ \\
 +
 Lightning (and corona discharge) during thunderstorm events cause atmospheric chemical reactions to take place at high voltages and high temperatures. These reactions cause the production of NO<sub>x</sub> in the atmosphere. Lightning (and corona discharge) during thunderstorm events cause atmospheric chemical reactions to take place at high voltages and high temperatures. These reactions cause the production of NO<sub>x</sub> in the atmosphere.
  
 ====Methodology==== ====Methodology====
  
-The calculation of NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from lightning uses strike counts from the German weather service and default emission factors from the EMEP/EEA guidebook.+The calculation of NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from lightning uses strike counts from the German weather service and default emission factors from the 2023 EMEP/EEA guidebook [(EMEP2023)].
  
 For the complete time series, the emissions are calculated as follows:  For the complete time series, the emissions are calculated as follows: 
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 The number of lightning strikes in Germany is taken from a commercial system called "BLIDS" run by Siemens. The data has been cross-referenced with information from the German weather service. Consistent strike count data is available from 1992 onward and has been back-populated to cover the full time series since 1990. The following table shows the strike figures over time. The number of lightning strikes in Germany is taken from a commercial system called "BLIDS" run by Siemens. The data has been cross-referenced with information from the German weather service. Consistent strike count data is available from 1992 onward and has been back-populated to cover the full time series since 1990. The following table shows the strike figures over time.
  
-Table 1: Lightning strikes in Germany from 1990 onwards +__Table 1: Annual number of lightning strikes in Germany, as 1990, in [1,000 strikes]__ 
-^        ^  Strike count [1000 strikes]  ^ +^ 1990  ^ 1995  ^  2000   ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2011  ^  2012  ^  2013  ^  2014  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  2021  ^  2022  ^  2023  ^ 
-^  1990  |  443                          | +|  443  |  394  |  1,026  |  802   |  589   |  687   |  656   |  542   |  623   |  550   |  432   |  443   |  446   |  329   |  399   |  512   |  242   |  316   |
-|  1991  |  443                          | +
-|  1992  |  370                          | +
-|  1993  |  274                          | +
-|  1994  |  429                          | +
-^  1995  |  394                          | +
-|  1996  |  218                          | +
-|  1997  |  255                          | +
-|  1998  |  428                          | +
-|  1999  |  589                          | +
-^  2000  |  1,026                        | +
-|  2001  |  591                          | +
-|  2002  |  1,023                        | +
-|  2003  |  813                          | +
-|  2004  |  741                          | +
-^  2005  |  802                          | +
-|  2006  |  1,001                        | +
-|  2007  |  1,139                        | +
-|  2008  |  990                          | +
-|  2009  |  917                          | +
-^  2010  |  589                          | +
-|  2011  |  687                          | +
-|  2012  |  656                          | +
-|  2013  |  542                          | +
-|  2014  |  623                          | +
-^  2015  |  550                          | +
-|  2016  |  432                          | +
-|  2017  |  443                          | +
-|  2018  |  446                          | +
-|  2019  |  329                          | +
-^  2020  |  399                          | +
-|  2021  |  512                          | +
-|  2022  |  242                          |+
  
 ===Emission factor(s)=== ===Emission factor(s)===
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 ===== Recalculations ===== ===== Recalculations =====
  
-None.+<WRAP center round info 65%> 
 +With **activity data and emission factors remaining unrevised**, no recalculations were carried out compared to the previous submission. 
 +</WRAP>
  
 ==== Uncertainties ==== ==== Uncertainties ====
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 ====Quality checks==== ====Quality checks====
 +
 No sector-specific quality checks are done. No sector-specific quality checks are done.
  
 ====Planned Improvement==== ====Planned Improvement====
  
-<WRAP center round info 60%> +<WRAP center round info 45%> 
-Currently, no source-specific improvements are planned.+At the moment, no source-specific improvements are planned.
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
 +[(EMEP2023> EMEP/EEA 2023: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2023, URL: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2023/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/11-natural-sources/11-c-other-natural-sources-6/view, Copenhagen, 2023)]