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sector:waste:biological_treatment_solid_waste_disposal:start [2025/04/08 11:25] – [Planned improvements] kotzullasector:waste:biological_treatment_solid_waste_disposal:start [2025/04/29 17:07] (current) – kotzulla
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 In the period since 1990 (and previously, to some extent), a number of legal provisions have been issued pertaining to Germany's waste-management sector, and a number of relevant measures have been initiated. These moves have had a strong impact on trends in emissions from waste-landfilling. Relevant developments have included intensified collection of biodegradable waste from households and the commercial sector, intensified collection of other recyclable materials, such as glass, paper/cardboard, metals and plastics; separate collection of packaging and recycling of packaging. In addition, incineration of municipal waste has been expanded, and mechanical biological treatment of residual waste has been introduced. As a result, the amounts of landfilled municipal waste decreased very sharply from 1990 to 2006, and stabilised at a low level since 2006. Today over half of municipal waste produced in Germany is collected separately and gleaned for recyclable materials (separate collection of recyclable materials and biodegradable waste). National statistical data are used (see sub-chapter "activity- data"). In the period since 1990 (and previously, to some extent), a number of legal provisions have been issued pertaining to Germany's waste-management sector, and a number of relevant measures have been initiated. These moves have had a strong impact on trends in emissions from waste-landfilling. Relevant developments have included intensified collection of biodegradable waste from households and the commercial sector, intensified collection of other recyclable materials, such as glass, paper/cardboard, metals and plastics; separate collection of packaging and recycling of packaging. In addition, incineration of municipal waste has been expanded, and mechanical biological treatment of residual waste has been introduced. As a result, the amounts of landfilled municipal waste decreased very sharply from 1990 to 2006, and stabilised at a low level since 2006. Today over half of municipal waste produced in Germany is collected separately and gleaned for recyclable materials (separate collection of recyclable materials and biodegradable waste). National statistical data are used (see sub-chapter "activity- data").
  
-In 2004, about 2000 landfills of relevance for this category were in operation in the Federal Republic of Germany.\\+In 2004, about 2.000 landfills of relevance for this category were in operation in the Federal Republic of Germany.\\
 In June 2005, in keeping with new, stricter requirements under the Ordinance on Environmentally Compatible Storage of Waste from Human Settlements (Abfallablagerungsverordnung) and the Landfill Ordinance (Deponieverordnung), nearly half of those landfills were closed. As a result, in 2017 less than 1100 landfills, divided into 5 deposition classes are still in operation.\\ In June 2005, in keeping with new, stricter requirements under the Ordinance on Environmentally Compatible Storage of Waste from Human Settlements (Abfallablagerungsverordnung) and the Landfill Ordinance (Deponieverordnung), nearly half of those landfills were closed. As a result, in 2017 less than 1100 landfills, divided into 5 deposition classes are still in operation.\\
 Also, pursuant to regulations in force since June 2005, landfilling of biodegradable waste is no longer permitted - for conformance with pertinent requirements, municipal waste and other biodegradable waste must be pre-treated via thermal or mechanical-biological processes. Also, pursuant to regulations in force since June 2005, landfilling of biodegradable waste is no longer permitted - for conformance with pertinent requirements, municipal waste and other biodegradable waste must be pre-treated via thermal or mechanical-biological processes.
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 ===== Methodology ===== ===== Methodology =====
-For the estimation of NMVOC, Germany decided against the proposed EF of the EMEP/EEA Guidebook 2019, but instead for the Tier 1 approach of the US-EPA which is also reproduced there (Part B, 5.A, chap. 3.2.2, p. 5; [(EMEPEEA2019>EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, Copenhagen, 2019)]). According to national experts in the field, the approach of the US-EPA is more likely to produce better data, because the ratio between NMVOC (1.3 %) and CH<sub>4</sub> (98.7 %) in VOC from landfill gas is scientifically sound and assumed to be the very same in Germany. Also, already existing and published data for methane emissions from landfills, derived from the IPCC-FOD Waste Model (see NIR of Germany), can be used. However, with the NIR 2023 some of the emission parameters used to estimate methane emissions have been modified (DOC for food waste, DOC<sub>f</sub> for wood/straw, half-life time for paper and wood/straw) according to the results of research projects initiated for the improvement of the German inventory reporting (Stegmann et al, 2018; S. 172-173, Table 36 [(STEGMANN2018>Stegmann et al, 2018, Überprüfung der methodischen Grundlagen zur Bestimmung der Methanbildung in Deponien, Hamburg/Stuttgart)]). As a result, the methane emissions have changed considerably and thus the related NMVOC-emissions that are reported here. 
  
-Emissions for PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub> and TSP, reported under this category, are calculated using the Tier 1 approach of the EMEP/EEA Guidebook 2019, where the emission factors are 0.033 [g/t], 0.219 [g/t] and 0.463 [g/t] (Part B, 5.A, chap. 3.2.2, Table 3-1, p. 5; [(EMEPEEA2019)]).+For the estimation of NMVOC, Germany decided against the proposed EF of the EMEP/EEA Guidebook 2019, but instead for the Tier1 approach of the US-EPA which is also reproduced there (Part B, 5.A, chap. 3.2.2, p. 5; [(EMEPEEA2019)].  
 + 
 +According to national experts in the field, the approach of the US-EPA is more likely to produce better data, because the ratio between NMVOC (1.3 %) and CH<sub>4</sub> (98.7 %) in VOC from landfill gas is scientifically sound and assumed to be the very same in Germany. Also, already existing and published data for methane emissions from landfills, derived from the IPCC-FOD Waste Model (see NIR of Germany), can be used. However, with the NIR 2023 some of the emission parameters used to estimate methane emissions have been modified (DOC for food waste, DOC<sub>f</sub> for wood/straw, half-life time for paper and wood/straw) according to the results of research projects initiated for the improvement of the German inventory reporting (Stegmann et al, 2018; pages 172-173, table 36) [(STEGMANN2018)]. As a result, the methane emissions have changed considerably and thus the related NMVOC-emissions that are reported here. 
 + 
 +Emissions for PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub> and TSP, reported under this category, are calculated using the Tier1 approach of the EMEP/EEA Guidebook 2019, where the emission factors are 0.033, 0.219 and 0.463 [g/t] [(EMEPEEA2019)]. 
 The EFs are multiplied with the total amount of solid waste (AD) treated in managed above-ground landfills, following the standard equation: The EFs are multiplied with the total amount of solid waste (AD) treated in managed above-ground landfills, following the standard equation:
  
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 ==== Activity data ==== ==== Activity data ====
-From 1990 until 2017, official statistical data (Statistisches Bundesamt, Fachserie 19, Reihe 1: Abfallentsorgung (Waste management), Table 2.1; [(Statistisches Bundesamt, Fachserie FS 19, Reihe 1: Abfallentsorgung; Wiesbaden; URL: https://www.destatis.de/DE/Publikationen/Thematisch/UmweltstatistischeErhebungen/Abfallwirtschaft/Abfallentsorgung.html)]) are used for the estimation. Data for 1991+1992 and 1994+1995 are not available and have been interpolated. From 2018 until today data are made available by the National Statistical Agency by means of a direct data provision on a yearly basis. These data comprise the total amount of solid waste deposited above-ground, meaning, that all mineral wastes (mineral/construction/demolition) are also included. Remaining fractions of these wastes (mineral/construction/demolition) go to underground landfills and therefore do not play a part in dust emissions.+ 
 +From 1990 until 2017, official statistical data provided by the Federal Statisticl Office are applied [(DESTATIS2024)].  
 + 
 +Data for 1991 and 1992 as well as 1994 and 1995 are not available and have been interpolated. From 2018 until today data are made available by the National Statistical Agency by means of a direct data provision on a yearly basis. These data comprise the total amount of solid waste deposited above-ground, meaning, that all mineral wastes (mineral/construction/demolition) are also included. Remaining fractions of these wastes (mineral/construction/demolition) go to underground landfills and therefore do not play a part in dust emissions.
  
 The data are published on a yearly basis with an exception for the actual year of reporting. The activity data for the actual year of reporting are obtained, initially, by carrying the relevant data from the previous year forward, in unchanged form. In the following year, when the actual activity data for the given year becomes available, they replace the data that were carried forward. With regard to emissions from landfills, this procedure has only a very small impact on the total emissions in the relevant current report year. The data are published on a yearly basis with an exception for the actual year of reporting. The activity data for the actual year of reporting are obtained, initially, by carrying the relevant data from the previous year forward, in unchanged form. In the following year, when the actual activity data for the given year becomes available, they replace the data that were carried forward. With regard to emissions from landfills, this procedure has only a very small impact on the total emissions in the relevant current report year.
  
 ==== Emission factors ==== ==== Emission factors ====
 +
 See "Methodology". See "Methodology".
  
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 <WRAP center round info 60%> <WRAP center round info 60%>
-For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2022**, please see the recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]].+For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2022**, please see the recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 9.1 - Recalculations]].
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
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 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
 +
 +[(DESTATIS2024> Destatis (2024): Federal Statistical Office (Statistisches Bundesamt - Destatis), Fachserie 19, Reihe 1: Abfallentsorgung (Waste management), Table 2.1; https://www.destatis.de/DE/Publikationen/Thematisch/UmweltstatistischeErhebungen/Abfallwirtschaft/Abfallentsorgung.html, Wiesbaden, 2024.)]
 +
 +[(EMEPEEA2019> EMEP/EEA (2019): EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, Part B, 5.A, chapter 3.2.2, Table 3-1, page 5; https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/5-waste/5-a-biological-treatment-of/@@download/file; Copenhagen, 2019. )]
 +[(STEGMANN2018> Stegmann et al. (2018): Stegmann, R., Heyer, K.-U., Hupe, K. (IFAS - Ingenieurbüro für Abfallwirtschaft, Hamburg) with Rettenberger, G., Schneider, R. (
 +Ingenieurgruppe RUK GmbH, Stuttgar): Überprüfung der methodischen Grundlagen zur Bestimmung der Methanbildung in Deponien, ISSN 1862-4804; https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/11850/publikationen/139_2023_texte_methanbildung_in_deponien.pdf, on behalf of the Umweltbundesamt, Dessau-Roßlau, 2018.)]