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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:manufacture_of_solid_fuels_and_other_energy_industries [2021/01/26 12:56] – [Sulfur Oxides - SOx] juhrichsector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:manufacture_of_solid_fuels_and_other_energy_industries [2021/02/22 10:18] – [Short description] Key Category updated, no channges gniffke
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 Source category //1.A.1.c - Manufacture Of Solid Fuels And Other Energy Industries// includes hard-coal and lignite mining, coking and briquetting plants and extraction of crude oil and natural gas. Used-oil processing plants are also included. Here, CO emissions from coking plants are reported in NFR sub-category 1.B.1.b. Source category //1.A.1.c - Manufacture Of Solid Fuels And Other Energy Industries// includes hard-coal and lignite mining, coking and briquetting plants and extraction of crude oil and natural gas. Used-oil processing plants are also included. Here, CO emissions from coking plants are reported in NFR sub-category 1.B.1.b.
  
-^ Method ^ AD ^ EF ^ Key Category ^ +^ Category Code  ^  Method                                ||||^  AD                                ||||^  EF                                  ||||| 
-| T2  | NS | CS | **L & T**: NO<sub>x</sub>, SO<sub>x</sub>, TSP, Hg, Cd |+| 1.A.1.c        |  T2                                    |||||  NS                                |||||  CS                                  ||||| 
 +^  Key Category  ^  SO₂     ^  NOₓ  ^  NH₃  ^  NMVOC  ^  CO   ^  BC   ^  Pb   ^  Hg   ^  Cd   ^  Diox  ^  PAH  ^  HCB  ^  TSP  ^  PM₁₀  ^  PM₂ ₅  ^ 
 +| 1.A.1.c         |  L/T        |  L/T  |  -/-  |  -/-    |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  L/T  |  L/T  |  -/-   |  -/-  |  -/-  |  L/T  |  -/T   |  -/T    |
  
 {{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}} {{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}}
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 The table gives an overview of the implied emission factors. In reality the German inventory compiling process is very complex and includes the use of a considerable number of emission factors, which cannot be published completely in the IIR. Actually there are different emission factors available for diverse fuel types, various techniques and licensing requirements. However, the implied emission factor may give an impression about the order of magnitude. The table gives an overview of the implied emission factors. In reality the German inventory compiling process is very complex and includes the use of a considerable number of emission factors, which cannot be published completely in the IIR. Actually there are different emission factors available for diverse fuel types, various techniques and licensing requirements. However, the implied emission factor may give an impression about the order of magnitude.
-PM,,10,, and PM,,2.5,, emission factors are calculated as a fraction of TSP. The share of PM,,10,, is 90 % and the share of PM,,2.5,, is 80 %. This is a simple but also conservative approach, knowing that, in reality, PM emissions depend on fuel, combustion and abatement technologies. PM emission reporting starts in 1995, since no sufficient information about the dust composition of the early 1990th is available.+PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> emission factors are calculated as a fraction of TSP. The share of PM<sub>10</sub> is 90 % and the share of PM<sub>2.5</sub> is 80 %. This is a simple but also conservative approach, knowing that, in reality, PM emissions depend on fuel, combustion and abatement technologies. PM emission reporting starts in 1995, since no sufficient information about the dust composition of the early 1990th is available.
 Emission factors of sewage sludge refer to mono-incineration, using fluidized-bed combustion. Emission factors of coke oven gas does not include underfiring systems of coking plants. The determination of emission factors of coking plants is described in the study: "Emissionsfaktoren zur Eisen und Stahlindustrie für die Emissionsberichterstattung" (VDEh, 2010) [(Emissionsfaktoren zur Eisen- und Stahlindustrie für die Emissionsberichterstattung; Michael Hensmann, Sebastian Haardt, Dominik Ebert (VDEh-Betriebsforschungsinstitut GmbH, Düsseldorf, Juli 2010), FKZ: 3707 42 301/01 und 3707 41 111/2; https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/emissionsfaktoren-zur-eisen-stahlindustrie-fuer)]. Emission factors refer to the produced amount of coke, distinction is drawn between diffuse and channelled sources. The following graph gives an overview of the methodology: Emission factors of sewage sludge refer to mono-incineration, using fluidized-bed combustion. Emission factors of coke oven gas does not include underfiring systems of coking plants. The determination of emission factors of coking plants is described in the study: "Emissionsfaktoren zur Eisen und Stahlindustrie für die Emissionsberichterstattung" (VDEh, 2010) [(Emissionsfaktoren zur Eisen- und Stahlindustrie für die Emissionsberichterstattung; Michael Hensmann, Sebastian Haardt, Dominik Ebert (VDEh-Betriebsforschungsinstitut GmbH, Düsseldorf, Juli 2010), FKZ: 3707 42 301/01 und 3707 41 111/2; https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/emissionsfaktoren-zur-eisen-stahlindustrie-fuer)]. Emission factors refer to the produced amount of coke, distinction is drawn between diffuse and channelled sources. The following graph gives an overview of the methodology:
  
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 {{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1c_em_cd.png?400|Annual Cd emissions from stationary plants in 1.A.1.c}} {{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1c_em_cd.png?400|Annual Cd emissions from stationary plants in 1.A.1.c}}
  
-Similar to SO,,x,, emissions, TSP and Priority Heavy Metal emission trends show a high dominance of emissions from lignite combustion. Like already discussed for other pollutant, the main reason for sharp declining emissions in this sector is the complete restructuring of the east German lignite industry. The low standard of dust abatement in eastern Germany in the early 1990s involved high heavy metal emissions too. The closing of briquette factories and the implementation of stricter regulations resulted in a considerably improvement of the air quality especially in the New German Länder.+Similar to SO<sub>x</sub> emissions, TSP and Priority Heavy Metal emission trends show a high dominance of emissions from lignite combustion. Like already discussed for other pollutant, the main reason for sharp declining emissions in this sector is the complete restructuring of the east German lignite industry. The low standard of dust abatement in eastern Germany in the early 1990s involved high heavy metal emissions too. The closing of briquette factories and the implementation of stricter regulations resulted in a considerably improvement of the air quality especially in the New German Länder.
  
 ===== Recalculations ===== ===== Recalculations =====