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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:industry:other:start [2021/01/21 13:57] – Edit up to EF gniffkesector:energy:fuel_combustion:industry:other:start [2024/11/06 16:10] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 Source category //1.A.2.g viii - Stationary Combustion in Manufacturing Industries and Construction: Other// comprises stationary combustion systems for heat and power production of industrial power plants and industrial boiler systems. Source category //1.A.2.g viii - Stationary Combustion in Manufacturing Industries and Construction: Other// comprises stationary combustion systems for heat and power production of industrial power plants and industrial boiler systems.
  
-^  Method  ^  AD  ^  EF  ^  Key Category                                                                                 ^ + 
-|  T2      |  NS  |  CS  |  **L&T:** SO<sub>x</sub>, TSP, Hg, PCDD/F / **L:** PM<sub>2.5</sub>,NO<sub>x</sub> / **T:** Cd  |+ 
 +^ Category Code  ^  Method                                ||||^  AD                                ||||^  EF                                  ||||| 
 +| 1.A.2.g viii        |  T2                                    |||||  NS                                |||||  CS                                  ||||| 
 +^  Key Category  ^  SO₂     ^  NOₓ  ^  NH₃  ^  NMVOC  ^  CO   ^  BC   ^  Pb   ^  Hg   ^  Cd   ^  Diox  ^  PAH  ^  HCB  ^  TSP  ^  PM₁₀  ^  PM₂ ₅  ^ 
 +| 1.A.2.g viii    |  L/T        |  L/T  |  -/-  |  -/-    |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  L/T  |  L/T  |  L/T   |  -/-  |  -/-  |  L/T  |  -/-   |  L/-    |
  
 {{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}} {{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}}
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 __Table 1: Implied emission factors for industrial electricity and heat generation__ __Table 1: Implied emission factors for industrial electricity and heat generation__
-^                     ^  SO<sub>x</sub>  ^  NO<sub>x</sub>  ^  TSP   ^  CO    ^  Pb     ^  Hg    ^  Cd   ^ +^                     ^  SO<sub>x</sub>  ^  NO<sub>x</sub>  ^  TSP  ^  CO   ^  Pb     ^  Hg   ^  Cd   ^ 
-|                     |                                            [kg/TJ] |||| [g/TJ]                 ||| +^                     ^                                          [kg/TJ] |||^ [g/TJ]                ||| 
-^ Hard Coal           |  141.2           |  101             |  3.4   |  26.6  |  3.97   |  2.33  |  0.37 | +^ Hard Coal           |            142.9 |            101.3 |   3.3 |  26.0 |    4.94 |  2.35 |  0.36 | 
-^ Lignite             |  230.3           |  100.4           |  7.7   |  47.8  |  1.06   |  2.42  |  0.14 | +^ Lignite             |            221.9 |             98.1 |   7.4 |  47.5 |    1.15 |  2.42 |  0.15 | 
-^ Natural gas         |  0.1             |  41.2            |  0.2   |  10.0  |  NA     |  0.01  |  NA   | +^ Natural gas         |              0.1 |             41.4 |   0.2 |  11.0 |  NA     |  0.01 |  NA   | 
-^ Petroleum products  |  55.0            |  48.7            |  1.8   |  3.3   |  0.8    |  0.24  |  0.05 | +^ Petroleum products  |             55.4 |             49.2 |   1.8 |   3.3 |    0.79 |  0.18 |  0.03 | 
-^ Biomass             |  9.8             |  136.9           |  18.5  |  55.4  |  0.49   |  0.12  |  0.62 | +^ Biomass             |             10.1 |            136.9 |  18.5 |  56.2 |    0.44 |  0.11 |  0.55 | 
-^ Hazardous Waste     |  0.5             |  69.2            |  0.3   |  8.3   |  4.90   |  0.34  |   1.1 |+^ Hazardous Waste     |              0.5 |             69.2 |   0.3 |   8.3 |    4.90 |  0.34 |  1.10 |
  
 The table gives an overview of the implied emission factors. In reality the German inventory compiling process is very complex and includes the use of a considerable number of emission factors, which cannot be published completely in the IIR.  The table gives an overview of the implied emission factors. In reality the German inventory compiling process is very complex and includes the use of a considerable number of emission factors, which cannot be published completely in the IIR. 
  
 Actually there are different emission factors available for diverse fuel types, various techniques and licensing requirements. However, the implied emission factor may give an impression about the order of magnitude. Actually there are different emission factors available for diverse fuel types, various techniques and licensing requirements. However, the implied emission factor may give an impression about the order of magnitude.
-PM10 and PM2.5 emission factors are calculated as a fraction of TSP. The share of PM10 is 90 % and the share of PM2.5 is 80 % for solid fuels. This is a simple but also conservative approach, knowing that, in reality, PM emissions depend on fuel, combustion and abatement technologies. In terms of natural gas and biogas PM10 and PM2.5 fractions are considered as 100 % of TSP. Regarding wood a share of 100% PM10 and 90% PM2.5 is used. For liquid fuels the default share of 100% PM10 and PM2.5 is used. In the cases of co-incineration, where liquid fuels are only used for ignition in coal fired plants, the share of coal fired plants is used. PM emission reporting starts in 1995, since no sufficient information about the dust composition of the early 1990s is available.+PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> emission factors are calculated as a fraction of TSP. The share of PM<sub>10</sub> is 90 % and the share of PM<sub>2.5</sub> is 80 % for solid fuels. This is a simple but also conservative approach, knowing that, in reality, PM emissions depend on fuel, combustion and abatement technologies. In terms of natural gas and biogas PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> fractions are considered as 100 % of TSP. Regarding wood a share of 100% PM<sub>10</sub> and 90% PM<sub>2.5</sub> is used. For liquid fuels the default share of 100% PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> is used. In the cases of co-incineration, where liquid fuels are only used for ignition in coal fired plants, the share of coal fired plants is used. PM emission reporting starts in 1995, since no sufficient information about the dust composition of the early 1990s is available.
  
 ===== Trend Discussion for Key Sources ===== ===== Trend Discussion for Key Sources =====
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 The following diagrams give an overview and assistance for explaining dominant emission trends of selected pollutant. The following diagrams give an overview and assistance for explaining dominant emission trends of selected pollutant.
  
-==== Sulfur Oxides & Nitrogen Oxides - SO,,x,, & NO,,x,,====+==== Sulfur Oxides & Nitrogen Oxides - SOx & NOx ==== 
 +{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:industry:1a2gviii_em_sox.png?400| Annual emissions of SOx from stationary plants in 1.A.2.g.vii}} 
 +{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:industry:1a2gviii_em_nox.png?400| Annual emissions of NOx from stationary plants in 1.A.2.g.vii}}
  
-[[gallery size="medium"]] +Like already discussed in source category 1.A.1.c, SO<sub>x</sub> emission trend is very much influenced by emissions from lignite fired plants. The strong decline of lignite use in the East German industry and the installation of flue gas desulfurisation plants in the remaining heat and power stations are the main reasons for decreasing SO<sub>x</sub> emissions.
-: 1A2gviii_EM_SOx.PNG +
-: 1A2gviii_EM_NOx.PNG +
-[[/gallery]] +
- +
-Like already discussed in source category 1.A.1.c, SO,,x,, emission trend is very much influenced by emissions from lignite fired plants. The strong decline of lignite use in the East German industry and the installation of flue gas desulfurisation plants in the remaining heat and power stations are the main reasons for decreasing SO,,x,, emissions.+
  
 ==== Total Suspended Matter - TSP & Priority Heavy Metal - Hg & Cd ==== ==== Total Suspended Matter - TSP & Priority Heavy Metal - Hg & Cd ====
- +{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:industry:1a2gviii_em_tsp.png?400|Annual emissions of TSP from stationary plants in 1.A.2.g.vii}} 
-[[gallery size="medium"]] +{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:industry:1a2gviii_em_tsp_2000.png?400|Annual emissions of TSP from stationary plants in 1.A.2.g.vii, details 2000-2019}} 
-: 1A2gviii_EM_TSP.PNG +{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:industry:1a2gviii_em_hg.png?400|Annual emissions of Hg from stationary plants in 1.A.2.g.vii}} 
-: 1A2gviii_EM_TSP_2000.png +{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:industry:1a2gviii_em_cd.png?400|Annual emissions of Cd from stationary plants in 1.A.2.g.vii}}
-: 1A2gviii_EM_Hg.PNG +
-: 1A2gviii_EM_Cd.PNG +
-[[/gallery]]+
  
 The main driver of TSP and Heavy Metal emission trends is the declining lignite combustion in the East German industry especially in the time period from 1990 to 1994. Besides the noticeable improvement of dust extraction installations on the one hand and optimisation of the combustion process on the other hand resulted in considerably decreasing TSP and Heavy Metal emissions. The emission trend of source category 1.A2.g.viii is mainly affected by the closure of industrial plants in Eastern Germany after the reunification and the resulting decrease in fuel consumption. In recent years the use of biomass gains influence.  The main driver of TSP and Heavy Metal emission trends is the declining lignite combustion in the East German industry especially in the time period from 1990 to 1994. Besides the noticeable improvement of dust extraction installations on the one hand and optimisation of the combustion process on the other hand resulted in considerably decreasing TSP and Heavy Metal emissions. The emission trend of source category 1.A2.g.viii is mainly affected by the closure of industrial plants in Eastern Germany after the reunification and the resulting decrease in fuel consumption. In recent years the use of biomass gains influence. 
  
 ==== Persistent Organic Pollutants ==== ==== Persistent Organic Pollutants ====
- +{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:industry:1a2gviii_em_pcddf.png?400|Annual emissions of PCDDF from stationary plants in 1.A.2.g.vii}}
-[[gallery size="medium"]] +
-: 1A2gviii_EM_PCDDF.png +
-[[/gallery]]+
  
 PCDD and PCDF emissions show a falling trend over the whole time period due to decreasing fuel consumption in the industry sector. PCDD and PCDF emissions show a falling trend over the whole time period due to decreasing fuel consumption in the industry sector.
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 ===== Recalculations ===== ===== Recalculations =====
  
-Recalculations were necessary for the latest reference year (2017) due to the availability of the National Energy Balance. Germany has a federal structure which causes a time lag for the National Energy Balance. Therefore recalculations are always necessary.  +Recalculations were necessary for the latest reference year (2018) due to the availability of the National Energy Balance. Germany has a federal structure which causes a time lag for the National Energy Balance. Therefore recalculations are always necessary. 
-Further recalculations occured due to the revision of CO and NH,,3,, emission factors of large combustion plants. +
  
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