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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:other_including_military:military_transport:military_aviation [2021/02/16 09:38] – kotzulla | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:other_including_military:military_transport:military_aviation [2021/05/27 07:50] – [Discussion of emission trends] kotzulla | ||
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For source category 1.A.5.b, consumption data for **kerosene**, | For source category 1.A.5.b, consumption data for **kerosene**, | ||
- | For the years as of 1995, the official mineral-oil data of the Federal Republic of Germany (Amtliche Mineralöldaten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 2012), prepared by the Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (BAFA), are used (BAFA, | + | For the years as of 1995, the official mineral-oil data of the Federal Republic of Germany (Amtliche Mineralöldaten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 2012), prepared by the Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (BAFA), are used (BAFA, |
- | As there is no consistent AGEB data availabe for **aviation gasoline**, delivery data from BAFA [((bibcite 1))] is used. | + | As there is no consistent AGEB data availabe for **aviation gasoline**, delivery data from BAFA [(BAFA2020)] is used. |
__Table 1: Sources for consumption data in 1.A.5.b__ | __Table 1: Sources for consumption data in 1.A.5.b__ | ||
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| **Ʃ 1.A.5.b ii** | | **Ʃ 1.A.5.b ii** | ||
< | < | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
==== Emission factors ==== | ==== Emission factors ==== | ||
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__Table 3: Country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ__ | __Table 3: Country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ__ | ||
- | | | + | | | **1990** |
- | | **JET KEROSENE** | + | | **JET KEROSENE** |
- | ^ NH< | + | ^ NH< |
- | ^ NMVOC | + | ^ NMVOC | 98,0 | 98,0 | 98,0 | 98,0 | 98,0 | 98,0 | 98,0 | 98,0 | 98,0 | 98,0 | 98,0 | 98,0 | 98,0 | 98,0 | |
- | ^ NO< | + | ^ NO< |
- | ^ SO< | + | ^ SO< |
- | ^ BC< | + | ^ BC< |
- | ^ PM< | + | ^ PM< |
- | ^ CO | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | ^ CO |
- | | **AVIATION GASOLINE** | + | | **AVIATION GASOLINE** |
- | ^ NH< | + | ^ NH< |
- | ^ NMVOC | + | ^ NMVOC | |
- | ^ NO< | + | ^ NO< |
- | ^ SO< | + | ^ SO< |
- | ^ BC< | + | ^ BC< |
- | ^ PM< | + | ^ PM< |
- | ^ TSP< | + | ^ TSP< |
- | ^ CO | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | ^ CO |
- | < | + | < |
- | < | + | < |
< | < | ||
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For lead and TSP from leaded avgas, constant tier1 EFs based on the average lead content of AvGas 100 LL are used. | For lead and TSP from leaded avgas, constant tier1 EFs based on the average lead content of AvGas 100 LL are used. | ||
- | > For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, | + | <WRAP center round info 100%> |
+ | For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | === Discussion of emission trends === | ||
- | > This sub-category | + | ===== Discussion of emission trends ===== |
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
+ | As only NFR 1.A.5.b as a whole is taken into account within the key category analysis, this country-specific | ||
+ | </ | ||
Due to the application of very several tier1 emission factors, most emission trends reported for this sub-category only reflect the trend in fuel deliveries. | Due to the application of very several tier1 emission factors, most emission trends reported for this sub-category only reflect the trend in fuel deliveries. | ||
Therefore, the fuel-consumption dependend trends in emission estimates are only influenced by the annual fuel mix. | Therefore, the fuel-consumption dependend trends in emission estimates are only influenced by the annual fuel mix. | ||
- | [[gallery size=" | + | {{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:other_incl_military: |
- | : 1A5bii_EM_NMVOC.png | + | {{ :sector: |
- | : 1A5bii_EM_NOx.png | + | |
- | : 1A5bii_EM_SOx.png | + | |
- | : 1A5bii_EM_CO.png | + | |
- | : 1A5bii_EM_PM.png | + | |
- | [[/ | + | |
- | Here, as the EF(BC) are estimated via fractions provided in [((bibcite 3))], black carbon emissions follow the corresponding emissions of PM,,2.5,,. | + | Here, as the EF(BC) are estimated via fractions provided in [((bibcite 3))], black carbon emissions follow the corresponding emissions of PM<sub>2.5</ |
Nonetheless, | Nonetheless, | ||
- | [[gallery size=" | + | {{ :sector: |
- | : 1A5bii_EM_Pb_AvGas.PNG | + | |
- | [[/ | + | |
Until 1997, lead emissions were dominated by the combustion of leaded gasoline in military ground-based vehicles. Therefore, the over-all trend for lead emissions from military vehicles and aircraft is driven mostly by the abolition of leaded gasoline in 1997. Towards this date, the amount of leaded gasoline decreased significantly. After 1997, the only source for lead from mobile fuel combustion is avgas used in military aircraft. | Until 1997, lead emissions were dominated by the combustion of leaded gasoline in military ground-based vehicles. Therefore, the over-all trend for lead emissions from military vehicles and aircraft is driven mostly by the abolition of leaded gasoline in 1997. Towards this date, the amount of leaded gasoline decreased significantly. After 1997, the only source for lead from mobile fuel combustion is avgas used in military aircraft. | ||
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=== Recalculations === | === Recalculations === | ||
- | With **activity data** | + | With both **activity data** and **emission factors** remaining unrevised, no recalculations took place with this submission. |
- | + | ||
- | __Table: Revised activity data 2016 and 2017, in terajoules__ | + | |
- | || ||= **2016** ||= **2017** ||= | + | |
- | ||||||< **1.A.5.b ii TOTAL** ||= | + | |
- | ||~ Submission 2020 ||> | + | |
- | ||~ Submission 2019 ||> | + | |
- | ||~ absolute change ||> | + | |
- | ||~ relative change ||> | + | |
- | ||||||< **Jet Kerosene** ||= | + | |
- | ||~ Submission 2020 ||> | + | |
- | ||~ Submission 2019 ||> | + | |
- | ||~ absolute change ||> | + | |
- | ||~ relative change ||> | + | |
- | ||||||< **Avgas** ||= | + | |
- | ||~ Submission 2020 ||> | + | |
- | ||~ Submission 2019 ||> | + | |
- | ||~ absolute change ||> | + | |
- | ||~ relative change ||> | + | |
<WRAP center round info 60%> | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
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===== Planned improvements ===== | ===== Planned improvements ===== | ||
- | > There are no sub-sector | + | There are no specific improvements planned at the moment. |
- | === FAQs === | + | ===== FAQs ===== |
//**What is the reason for the big jumps in the consumption of aviation gasoline in 2006 & '07 and the zero-consumption in 2008?**// | //**What is the reason for the big jumps in the consumption of aviation gasoline in 2006 & '07 and the zero-consumption in 2008?**// | ||
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The TSP emissions calculated depend directly on the reported lead emissions: The emission factor for TSP is 1.6 times the emission factor used for lead: EF(TSP) = 1.6 x EF(Pb). - The applied procedure is similar to the one used for calculating TSP emissions from leaded gasoline used in road transport. | The TSP emissions calculated depend directly on the reported lead emissions: The emission factor for TSP is 1.6 times the emission factor used for lead: EF(TSP) = 1.6 x EF(Pb). - The applied procedure is similar to the one used for calculating TSP emissions from leaded gasoline used in road transport. | ||
- | **//Why does the party report TSP emissions from leaded avgas, but no such PM,,2.5,, or PM,,10,, emissions?// | + | **//Why does the party report TSP emissions from leaded avgas, but no such PM<sub>2.5</ |
- | The EF(TSP) is estimated from the EF(Pb) which has been calculated from the lead content of Avgas 100 LL. There is no information on the percetual shares of PM,,2.5,, & PM,,10,, in the reported TSP and therefore no EF(PM,,2.5,,) & EF(PM,,10,,) were deducted. | + | The EF(TSP) is estimated from the EF(Pb) which has been calculated from the lead content of Avgas 100 LL. There is no information on the percetual shares of PM<sub>2.5</ |
**//Why are similar EF applied for estimating exhaust heavy metal emissions from both fossil and biofuels?// | **//Why are similar EF applied for estimating exhaust heavy metal emissions from both fossil and biofuels?// | ||
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The EF provided in [((bibcite 3))] represent summatory values for (i) the fuel's and (ii) the lubricant' | The EF provided in [((bibcite 3))] represent summatory values for (i) the fuel's and (ii) the lubricant' | ||
- | ------ | + | [(AGEB2020> |
- | + | [(BAFA2020> | |
- | [[bibliography]] | + | URL: https:// |
- | : 1 : BAFA, 2019: Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle, | + | [(KNOERR2020b> |
- | URL: https:// | + | [(EMEPEEA2019> |
- | : 2 : AGEB, 2019: Working Group on Energy | + | [(RENTZ2008> |
- | : 3: EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, Copenhagen, 2019. | + | [(KNOERR2009> |
- | : 4 : IZT, 2007: Joerß, W. et al.: Emissionen und Maßnahmenanalyse Feinstaub 2000 – 2020, Institut für Zukunftsstudien und Technologiebewertung (IZT), Berlin, Im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, | + | [(IZT2007> |
- | [[/ | + |