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1.A.3.a i (ii) - Internatinal Civil Aviation: Cruise

Short description

Category Code Method AD EF
1.A.3.a i (ii) T1, T2, T3 NS, M CS, D, M
Key Category SO₂ NOₓ NH₃ NMVOC CO BC Pb Hg Cd Diox PAH HCB TSP PM₁₀ PM₂ ₅
1.A.3.a i (ii) not included in key category analysis

In NFR category 1.A.3.a i (ii) - Internatinal Civil Aviation: Cruise emissions from international flights from German airports during cruise stage (above 3,000 feet of altitude) are reported.

In the following, information on sub-category specific activity data, (implied) emission factors and emission estimates are provided.

Methodology

Actitvity Data

Specific jet kerosene consumption during LTO-stage is calculated within TREMOD AV as described in the superordinate chapter on civil aviation.

Table 1: annual jet kerosene consumption during cruise-stage, in terajoules

1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 219
Jet kerosene 149.007 189.185 240.680 285.709 301.032 312.607 316.629 307.916 304.544 292.898 314.325 319.548 308.755 307.982 331.809 363.932 374.434 371.552
Avgas 464 161 173 91,6 87,2 76,8 82,5 75,8 76,8 68,1 60,4 48,6 40,0 58,5 16,2 16,2 12,1 6,55

source: Knörr et al. (2020c) 1) and Gores (2020) 2)

Emission factors

All country specific emission factors used for emission reporting were basically ascertained within UBA project FKZ 360 16 029 3) and have since then been compiled, revised and maintained in TREMOD AV 4).

For more information, please see the superordinate chapter on civil aviation.

Table 2: Annual country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ

1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
JET KEROSENE
NH3 3,98 3,95 3,95 3,97 3,97 3,97 3,97 3,97 3,97 3,97 3,97 3,97 3,97 3,97 3,97 3,97 3,97 3,97
NMVOC 13,3 8,96 5,98 5,27 5,15 5,02 4,89 4,77 4,66 4,53 4,39 4,39 4,71 4,35 4,17 4,23 4,32 4,25
NOx 313 317 329 338 338 342 343 346 352 354 360 362 362 366 370 372 373 375
SOx 19,7 19,5 19,5 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6
PM1 1,89 1,96 2,03 1,93 1,91 1,89 1,85 1,83 1,81 1,80 1,79 1,77 1,74 1,73 1,73 1,74 1,75 1,75
BC2 3,94 4,08 4,23 4,02 3,98 3,93 3,86 3,81 3,77 3,74 3,72 3,69 3,62 3,59 3,61 3,62 3,64 3,65
CO 73,8 61,6 47,7 42,4 41,5 40,6 39,7 38,6 37,8 37,3 37,0 36,8 40,1 36,2 34,2 34,2 34,7 34,6
AVGAS
NH3 NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE
NMVOC 468 498 477 462 452 451 461 470 460 523 519 518 506 515 430 437 449 467
NOx 103 109 103 100 98 97 99 100 97 111 109 110 104 108 68,7 69,8 73,7 82,2
SOx 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46
BC 0,40 0,42 0,41 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,41 0,41 0,41 0,44 0,44 0,44 0,45 0,44 0,47 0,47 0,47 0,46
PM2.5 2,69 2,80 2,74 2,68 2,65 2,67 2,70 2,76 2,74 2,96 2,96 2,93 2,97 2,95 3,11 3,14 3,13 3,08
PM10 2,69 2,80 2,74 2,68 2,65 2,67 2,70 2,76 2,74 2,96 2,96 2,93 2,97 2,95 3,11 3,14 3,13 3,08
TSP 17,9 18,0 17,9 17,9 17,8 17,8 17,9 17,9 17,9 18,1 18,1 18,1 18,1 18,1 18,3 18,3 18,3 18,2
CO 20.915 22.610 21.827 21.055 20.659 21.024 21.402 22.335 22.225 25.229 25.303 24.882 25.753 25.200 29.832 30.337 30.216 29.108

1 EF(TSP) also applied for PM10 and PM2.5 (assumption: > 99% of TSP consists of PM2.5)
2 estimated via a f-BC of 0.48 as provided in 5), Chapter: 1.A.3.a, 1.A.5.b Aviation, page 49: “Conclusion”.

For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included.

For information on the emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions, please refer to Appendix 2.3 - Heavy Metal (HM) exhaust emissions from mobile sources and Appendix 2.4 - Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) exhaust emissions from mobile sources.

Trend discussion for Key Sources

NFR 1.A.3.a i (ii) - International Civil Aviation - Cruise is not included in the national emission totals and hence not included in the key category analysis.

Recalculations

Activity data have been revised for all years within TREMOD AV to keep in line with information available from Eurocontrol's AEM model 6).

Furthermore, for the first time, the use of aviation gasoline (avgas) for international flights has been estimated. These amounts have been re-allocated from NFR 1.A.3.a ii (i), where 100% of avgas consumption has been allocated so far.

Table 3: Revised kerosene usage in 1.A.3.a i (ii), in terajoules

1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
JET KEROSENE
Submission 2021 149.007 189.185 240.680 285.709 301.032 312.607 316.629 307.916 304.544 292.898 314.325 319.548 308.755 307.982 331.809 363.932 374.434
Submission 2020 150.852 187.855 243.544 288.819 304.276 315.598 319.033 310.713 305.632 291.248 314.638 320.599 307.487 306.766 331.644 365.499 376.210
absolute change -1.845 1.330 -2.863 -3.110 -3.244 -2.991 -2.405 -2.797 -1.088 1.650 -313 -1.051 1.268 1.216 165 -1.567 -1.776
relative change -1,22% 0,71% -1,18% -1,08% -1,07% -0,95% -0,75% -0,90% -0,36% 0,57% -0,10% -0,33% 0,41% 0,40% 0,05% -0,43% -0,47%
AVGAS
Submission 2021 464 161 173 91,6 87,2 76,8 82,5 75,8 76,8 68,1 60,4 48,6 40,0 58,5 16,2 16,2 12,1
Submission 2020 IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE
absolute change 464 161 173 91,6 87,2 76,8 82,5 75,8 76,8 68,1 60,4 48,6 40,0 58,5 16,2 16,2 12,1

In parallel, the majority of country-specific emission factors has been revised within TREMOD AV based on information available from the Eurocontrol's AEM model 7).

Table 4: Revised country-specific emission-factors, in [kg/TJ]

1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
NON-METHANE VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPUNDS - NMVOC
Submission 2021 13,3 8,96 5,98 5,27 5,15 5,02 4,89 4,77 4,66 4,53 4,39 4,39 4,71 4,35 4,17 4,23 4,32
Submission 2020 13,4 9,47 5,93 5,44 5,35 5,20 5,07 4,95 4,91 4,81 4,70 4,70 4,64 4,65 4,46 4,52 4,64
absolute change -0,12 -0,51 0,05 -0,17 -0,19 -0,18 -0,19 -0,19 -0,25 -0,28 -0,30 -0,31 0,07 -0,30 -0,29 -0,30 -0,32
relative change -0,90% -5,42% 0,92% -3,05% -3,60% -3,43% -3,65% -3,80% -5,08% -5,78% -6,43% -6,59% 1,43% -6,55% -6,42% -6,57% -6,83%
NITROGEN OXIDES
Submission 2021 313 317 329 338 338 342 343 346 352 354 360 362 362 366 370 372 373
Submission 2020 308 313 319 330 331 334 335 339 346 349 354 354 354 354 359 361 362
absolute change 5,51 3,34 9,39 7,62 7,09 7,33 7,18 7,04 6,05 5,47 5,95 7,84 7,38 11,17 10,99 11,04 11,01
relative change 1,79% 1,07% 2,94% 2,31% 2,14% 2,19% 2,14% 2,08% 1,75% 1,57% 1,68% 2,22% 2,08% 3,15% 3,06% 3,06% 3,04%
SULPHUR OXIDES
Submission 2021 19,7 19,5 19,5 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6
Submission 2020 19,7 19,5 19,5 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6 19,6
absolute change 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
relative change 0,0% 0,0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
BLACK CARBON - BC
Submission 2021 1,89 1,96 2,03 1,93 1,91 1,89 1,85 1,83 1,81 1,80 1,79 1,77 1,74 1,73 1,73 1,74 1,75
Submission 2020 1,91 2,01 2,08 1,97 1,95 1,93 1,90 1,88 1,86 1,84 1,83 1,82 1,78 1,79 1,79 1,80 1,80
absolute change -0,02 -0,06 -0,05 -0,04 -0,04 -0,04 -0,04 -0,05 -0,05 -0,05 -0,04 -0,05 -0,05 -0,06 -0,06 -0,06 -0,06
relative change -1,2% -2,8% -2,4% -2,1% -2,2% -2,3% -2,3% -2,4% -2,6% -2,5% -2,3% -2,5% -2,7% -3,5% -3,3% -3,4% -3,1%
PARTICULATE MATTER - PM
Submission 2021 3,94 4,08 4,23 4,02 3,98 3,93 3,86 3,81 3,77 3,74 3,72 3,69 3,62 3,59 3,61 3,62 3,64
Submission 2020 3,98 4,19 4,33 4,11 4,07 4,02 3,95 3,91 3,87 3,84 3,81 3,78 3,72 3,72 3,74 3,74 3,76
absolute change -0,05 -0,12 -0,10 -0,09 -0,09 -0,09 -0,09 -0,09 -0,10 -0,10 -0,09 -0,10 -0,10 -0,13 -0,12 -0,13 -0,12
relative change -1,2% -2,8% -2,4% -2,1% -2,2% -2,3% -2,3% -2,4% -2,6% -2,5% -2,3% -2,5% -2,7% -3,5% -3,3% -3,4% -3,1%
CARBON MONOXIDE - CO
Submission 2021 73,8 61,6 47,7 42,4 41,5 40,6 39,7 38,6 37,8 37,3 37,0 36,8 40,1 36,2 34,2 34,2 34,7
Submission 2020 71,0 60,3 44,9 40,0 39,2 38,3 37,4 36,4 35,9 35,6 35,5 35,6 35,3 35,5 33,5 33,6 34,0
absolute change 2,77 1,30 2,84 2,39 2,22 2,30 2,24 2,21 1,90 1,73 1,45 1,17 4,76 0,73 0,67 0,57 0,65
relative change 3,90% 2,16% 6,32% 5,99% 5,66% 6,01% 5,98% 6,07% 5,29% 4,87% 4,07% 3,29% 13,48% 2,07% 1,99% 1,68% 1,90%

For more information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter 8.1 - Recalculations.

Uncertainties

For uncertainties information, please see main chapter on civil aviation.

Planned improvements

For information on planned improvements, please see main chapter on civil aviation.

2) Gores (2020): Inventartool zum deutschen Flugverkehrsinventar 1990-2018, im Rahmen der Aktualisierung des Moduls TREMOD-AV im Transportemissionsmodell TREMOD, Berlin, 2020.
3) Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S. (2010): Entwicklung eines eigenständigen Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV) : Endbericht. Endbericht zum F+E-Vorhaben 360 16 029, URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/entwicklung-eines-modells-zur-berechnung; Berlin & Heidelberg, 2012.
5) EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/1-energy/1-a-combustion/1-a-3-a-aviation/view; Copenhagen, 2019.
6), 7) Eurocontrol (2020): Advanced emission model (AEM); https://www.eurocontrol.int/model/advanced-emission-model; 2020.