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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:international_civil_aviation_-_cruise [2021/03/29 13:13] – [Table] kotzullasector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:international_civil_aviation_-_cruise [2021/04/15 08:04] – [FAQs] kotzulla
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 ===== Methodology ===== ===== Methodology =====
  
-=== Actitvity Data ===+==== Actitvity Data ====
  
-Specific jet kerosene consumption during LTO-stage is calculated within TREMOD AV as described in the [[superordinate chapter]] on civil aviation.+Specific jet kerosene consumption during LTO-stage is calculated within TREMOD AV as described in the superordinate chapter on civil aviation.
  
 __Table 1: annual jet kerosene consumption during cruise-stage, in terajoules__ __Table 1: annual jet kerosene consumption during cruise-stage, in terajoules__
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 ^ Jet kerosene  |    149.007 |    189.185 |    240.680 |    285.709 |    301.032 |    312.607 |    316.629 |    307.916 |    304.544 |    292.898 |    314.325 |    319.548 |    308.755 |    307.982 |    331.809 |    363.932 |    374.434 |   371.552 | ^ Jet kerosene  |    149.007 |    189.185 |    240.680 |    285.709 |    301.032 |    312.607 |    316.629 |    307.916 |    304.544 |    292.898 |    314.325 |    319.548 |    308.755 |    307.982 |    331.809 |    363.932 |    374.434 |   371.552 |
 ^ Avgas         |        464 |        161 |        173 |       91,6 |       87,2 |       76,8 |       82,5 |       75,8 |       76,8 |       68,1 |       60,4 |       48,6 |       40,0 |       58,5 |       16,2 |       16,2 |       12,1 |      6,55 | ^ Avgas         |        464 |        161 |        173 |       91,6 |       87,2 |       76,8 |       82,5 |       75,8 |       76,8 |       68,1 |       60,4 |       48,6 |       40,0 |       58,5 |       16,2 |       16,2 |       12,1 |      6,55 |
-source: Knörr et al. (2019c) [((bibcite 2))] & Gores (2019) [((bibcite 3))]+source: Knörr et al. (2020c) [(KNOERR2020)] and Gores (2020) [(GORES2020)]
  
-[[gallery size="medium"]] +{{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:1a3ai(ii)_ad.png?700 }}
-: 1A3ai(ii)_AD.png +
-[[/gallery]]+
  
-=== Emission factors ===+==== Emission factors ====
  
-All country specific emission factors used for emission reporting were basically ascertained within UBA project FKZ 360 16 029 [((bibcite 1))] and have since then been compiled, revised and maintained in TREMOD AV [((bibcite 2))]. +All country specific emission factors used for emission reporting were basically ascertained within UBA project FKZ 360 16 029 [(KNOERR2010)] and have since then been compiled, revised and maintained in TREMOD AV [(KNOERR2020)]. 
  
-For more information, please see [[ superordinate chapter]] on civil aviation.+For more information, please see the superordinate chapter on civil aviation.
  
 __Table 2: Annual country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ__ __Table 2: Annual country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ__
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 ^ CO                  |     20.915 |     22.610 |     21.827 |     21.055 |     20.659 |     21.024 |     21.402 |     22.335 |     22.225 |     25.229 |     25.303 |     24.882 |     25.753 |     25.200 |     29.832 |     30.337 |     30.216 |    29.108 | ^ CO                  |     20.915 |     22.610 |     21.827 |     21.055 |     20.659 |     21.024 |     21.402 |     22.335 |     22.225 |     25.229 |     25.303 |     24.882 |     25.753 |     25.200 |     29.832 |     30.337 |     30.216 |    29.108 |
 <sup>1</sup> EF(TSP) also applied for PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> (assumption: > 99% of TSP consists of PM<sub>2.5</sub>) \\ <sup>1</sup> EF(TSP) also applied for PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> (assumption: > 99% of TSP consists of PM<sub>2.5</sub>) \\
-<sup>2</sup> estimated via a f-BC of 0.48 as provided in [((bibcite 4))], Chapter: 1.A.3.a, 1.A.5.b Aviation, page 49: "Conclusion". +<sup>2</sup> estimated via a f-BC of 0.48 as provided in [(EMEPEEA2019)], Chapter: 1.A.3.a, 1.A.5.b Aviation, page 49: "Conclusion". 
  
 <WRAP center round info 100%> <WRAP center round info 100%>
 For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included. For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included.
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
-  
  
 +<WRAP center round info 100%>
 +For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, please refer to Appendix 2.3 - Heavy Metal (HM) exhaust emissions from mobile sources and Appendix 2.4 - Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) exhaust emissions from mobile sources.
 +</WRAP>
 + 
 ===== Trend discussion for Key Sources ===== ===== Trend discussion for Key Sources =====
  
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 ===== Recalculations ===== ===== Recalculations =====
  
-**Activity data** have been revised for all years within TREMOD AV to keep in line with information available from the 2019 EMEP/EEA Guidebook [((bibcite 4))] and Eurocontrol's AEM model [((bibcite 5))]. +**Activity data** have been revised for all years within TREMOD AV to keep in line with information available from Eurocontrol's AEM model [(EUROCONTROL2020)].  
 + 
 +Furthermore, for the first time, the use of aviation gasoline (avgas) for international flights has been estimated. These amounts have been re-allocated from NFR 1.A.3.a ii (i), where 100% of avgas consumption has been allocated so far. 
  
 __Table 3: Revised kerosene usage in 1.A.3.a i (ii), in terajoules__ __Table 3: Revised kerosene usage in 1.A.3.a i (ii), in terajoules__
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 ^ absolute change   |        464 |        161 |        173 |       91,6 |       87,2 |       76,8 |       82,5 |       75,8 |       76,8 |       68,1 |       60,4 |       48,6 |       40,0 |       58,5 |       16,2 |       16,2 |       12,1 | ^ absolute change   |        464 |        161 |        173 |       91,6 |       87,2 |       76,8 |       82,5 |       75,8 |       76,8 |       68,1 |       60,4 |       48,6 |       40,0 |       58,5 |       16,2 |       16,2 |       12,1 |
  
-In parallel, the majority of **country-specific emission factors**  has been revised within TREMOD AV based on information available from the 2019 EMEP/EEA Guidebook [((bibcite 4))] and Eurocontrol's AEM model [((bibcite 5))].+In parallel, the majority of **country-specific emission factors**  has been revised within TREMOD AV based on information available from the Eurocontrol's AEM model [(EUROCONTROL2020)].
  
 __Table 4: Revised country-specific emission-factors, in [kg/TJ]__ __Table 4: Revised country-specific emission-factors, in [kg/TJ]__
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 <WRAP center round info 60%> <WRAP center round info 60%>
-For more information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general:recalculations:start | 8.1 - Recalculations]]].+For more information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general:recalculations:start | 8.1 - Recalculations]].
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
 ===== Uncertainties ===== ===== Uncertainties =====
  
-For uncertainties information, please see [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation|main chapter]] on civil aviation.+For uncertainties information, please see [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:start|main chapter]] on civil aviation.
  
 ===== Planned improvements ===== ===== Planned improvements =====
  
-For information on planned improvements, please see [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation|main chapter]] on civil aviation. +For information on planned improvements, please see [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:start|main chapter]] on civil aviation.
- +
-===== FAQs ===== +
- +
-------+
  
-[[bibliography]] 
  
-: 1 : Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S. (2010): Entwicklung eines eigenständigen Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV) : Endbericht. Endbericht zum F+E-Vorhaben 360 16 029, URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/entwicklung-eines-modells-zur-berechnung; Berlin & Heidelberg, 2012. +[(KNOERR2010> Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S. (2010): Entwicklung eines eigenständigen Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV) : Endbericht. Endbericht zum F+E-Vorhaben 360 16 029, URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/entwicklung-eines-modells-zur-berechnung; Berlin & Heidelberg, 2012.)] 
-: 2 : Knörr et al. (2019c): Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S.: TREMOD Aviation (TREMOD AV) 2019 - Revision des Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV). Heidelberg, Berlin: Ifeu Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH & Öko-Institut e.V., Berlin & Heidelberg, 2019. +[(KNOERR2020c> Knörr et al. (2020c): Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S.: TREMOD Aviation (TREMOD AV) 2018 - Revision des Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV). Heidelberg, Berlin: Ifeu Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH & Öko-Institut e.V., Berlin & Heidelberg, 2020.)] 
-: 3 : Gores (2019): Inventartool zum deutschen Flugverkehrsinventar 1990-2018, im Rahmen der Aktualisierung des Moduls TREMOD-AV im Transportemissionsmodell TREMOD, Berlin, 2019. +[(GORES2020> Gores (2020): Inventartool zum deutschen Flugverkehrsinventar 1990-2018, im Rahmen der Aktualisierung des Moduls TREMOD-AV im Transportemissionsmodell TREMOD, Berlin, 2020.)] 
-: 4 : EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019 - Copenhagen, 2019 +[(EMEPEEA2019> EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/1-energy/1-a-combustion/1-a-3-a-aviation/view; Copenhagen, 2019.)] 
-: 5 : Eurocontrol (2019): Advanced emission model (AEM); https://www.eurocontrol.int/model/advanced-emission-model; 2019 +[(EUROCONTROL2020> Eurocontrol (2020): Advanced emission model (AEM); https://www.eurocontrol.int/model/advanced-emission-model; 2020.)]
-[[/bibliography]]+