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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:international_civil_aviation_-_cruise [2021/01/15 21:15] – kotzulla | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:international_civil_aviation_-_cruise [2021/12/15 20:00] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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===== Short description ===== | ===== Short description ===== | ||
- | ^ Method | + | ^ Category Code ^ Method |
- | | T1, T2, T3 | NS, M | CS, D, M | //not included in key category analysis// | + | | 1.A.3.a i (ii) |
+ | ^ Key Category | ||
+ | | 1.A.3.a i (ii) | ||
In NFR category //1.A.3.a i (ii) - Internatinal Civil Aviation: Cruise// emissions from international flights from German airports during cruise stage (above 3,000 feet of altitude) are reported. | In NFR category //1.A.3.a i (ii) - Internatinal Civil Aviation: Cruise// emissions from international flights from German airports during cruise stage (above 3,000 feet of altitude) are reported. | ||
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===== Methodology ===== | ===== Methodology ===== | ||
- | === Actitvity Data === | + | ==== Actitvity Data ==== |
- | Specific jet kerosene consumption during LTO-stage is calculated within TREMOD AV as described in the [[superordinate chapter]] on civil aviation. | + | Specific jet kerosene consumption during LTO-stage is calculated within TREMOD AV as described in the superordinate chapter on civil aviation. |
__Table 1: annual jet kerosene consumption during cruise-stage, | __Table 1: annual jet kerosene consumption during cruise-stage, | ||
- | | **1990** | + | | | **1990** |
- | | 150, | + | ^ Jet kerosene |
- | source: Knörr et al. (2019c) [((bibcite 2))] & Gores (2019) [((bibcite 3))] | + | ^ Avgas |
+ | source: Knörr et al. (2020c) [(KNOERR2020)] and Gores (2020) [(GORES2020)] | ||
- | [[gallery size=" | + | {{ :sector: |
- | : 1A3ai(ii)_AD.png | + | |
- | [[/ | + | |
- | === Emission factors === | + | ==== Emission factors |
- | All country specific emission factors used for emission reporting were basically ascertained within UBA project FKZ 360 16 029 [((bibcite 1))] and have since then been compiled, revised and maintained in TREMOD AV [((bibcite 2))]. | + | All country specific emission factors used for emission reporting were basically ascertained within UBA project FKZ 360 16 029 [(KNOERR2010)] and have since then been compiled, revised and maintained in TREMOD AV [(KNOERR2020)]. |
- | For more information, | + | For more information, |
__Table 2: Annual country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ__ | __Table 2: Annual country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ__ | ||
| | | | ||
- | | **NH< | + | | **JET KEROSENE** |
- | | **NMVOC** | + | ^ **NH< |
- | | **NO< | + | ^ **NMVOC** |
- | | **SO< | + | ^ **NO< |
- | | **PM< | + | ^ **SO< |
- | | **BC<sup>2</sup> | + | ^ **PM< |
- | | **CO** | | + | ^ **BC< |
- | < | + | ^ **CO** |
- | < | + | | **AVGAS** |
+ | ^ **NH<sub>3</sub> | ||
+ | ^ **NMVOC** | ||
+ | ^ **NO< | ||
+ | ^ **SO< | ||
+ | ^ BC | 0,40 | 0,42 | 0,41 | 0,40 | 0,40 | 0,40 | 0,41 | 0,41 | 0,41 | 0,44 | 0,44 | 0,44 | 0,45 | 0,44 | 0,47 | 0,47 | 0,47 | 0,46 | | ||
+ | ^ PM< | ||
+ | ^ PM< | ||
+ | ^ TSP | ||
+ | ^ CO | 20.915 | 22.610 | 21.827 | 21.055 | 20.659 | 21.024 | 21.402 | 22.335 | 22.225 | 25.229 | 25.303 | | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | < | ||
- | > **NOTE: | + | <WRAP center round info 100%> |
+ | For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included. | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | === Trend discussion for Key Sources === | + | <WRAP center round info 100%> |
+ | For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Trend discussion for Key Sources | ||
> NFR 1.A.3.a i (ii) - International Civil Aviation - Cruise is **not included in the national emission totals** and hence **not included in the key category analysis**. | > NFR 1.A.3.a i (ii) - International Civil Aviation - Cruise is **not included in the national emission totals** and hence **not included in the key category analysis**. | ||
- | === Recalculations === | + | ===== Recalculations |
- | **Activity data** have been revised for all years within TREMOD AV to keep in line with information available from the 2019 EMEP/EEA Guidebook [((bibcite 4))] and Eurocontrol' | + | **Activity data** have been revised for all years within TREMOD AV to keep in line with information available from Eurocontrol' |
+ | |||
+ | Furthermore, | ||
__Table 3: Revised kerosene usage in 1.A.3.a i (ii), in terajoules__ | __Table 3: Revised kerosene usage in 1.A.3.a i (ii), in terajoules__ | ||
- | || ||= **1990** ||= **1995** ||= **2000** ||= **2005** ||= **2006** ||= **2007** ||= **2008** ||= **2009** ||= **2010** ||= **2011** ||= **2012** ||= **2013** ||= **2014** ||= **2015** ||= **2016** ||= **2017** ||= | + | | |
- | ||~ Submission | + | | **JET KEROSENE** |
- | ||~ Submission 2019 ||> | + | ^ Submission |
- | ||~ absolute change ||> | + | ^ Submission 2020 |
- | ||~ relative change ||> | + | ^ absolute change |
+ | ^ relative change | ||
+ | | **AVGAS** | ||
+ | ^ Submission 2021 | | ||
+ | ^ Submission 2020 | | ||
+ | ^ absolute change | ||
- | + | In parallel, the majority of **country-specific emission factors** | |
- | In parallel, the majority of **country-specific emission factors** | + | |
__Table 4: Revised country-specific emission-factors, | __Table 4: Revised country-specific emission-factors, | ||
- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< | + | | | |
- | ||~ Submission | + | | **NON-METHANE VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPUNDS - NMVOC** |
- | ||~ Submission | + | ^ Submission |
- | ||~ absolute change ||> -0.05 ||> 0.48 ||> 0.36 ||> 0.24 ||> 0.27 ||> 0.29 ||> 0.30 ||> 0.25 ||> 0.25 ||> 0.24 ||> 0.26 ||> 0.23 ||> 0.14 ||> 0.19 ||> 0.02 ||> 0.00 ||= | + | ^ Submission |
- | ||~ relative change ||> -0.39% ||> 5.36% ||> 6.42% ||> 4.62% ||> 5.31% ||> 5.98% ||> 6.26% ||> 5.24% ||> 5.37% ||> 5.27% ||> 5.75% ||> 5.23% ||> 3.18% ||> 4.18% ||> 0.39% ||> 0.07% ||= | + | ^ absolute change |
- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< | + | ^ relative change |
- | ||~ Submission 2020 ||> 308 ||> 313 ||> 319 ||> 330 ||> 331 ||> 334 ||> 335 ||> 339 ||> 346 ||> 349 ||> 354 ||> 354 ||> 354 ||> 354 ||> 359 ||> 361 ||= | + | | **NITROGEN OXIDES** |
- | ||~ Submission 2019 ||> | + | ^ Submission 2021 |
- | ||~ absolute change ||> -5.05 ||> -3.50 ||> -9.68 ||> -5.31 ||> -5.00 ||> -5.19 ||> -5.11 ||> -4.91 ||> | + | ^ Submission 2020 | 308 | 313 | 319 | 330 | 331 | 334 | 335 | 339 | 346 | 349 | 354 | 354 | 354 | 354 | 359 | 361 | |
- | ||~ relative change ||> -1.61% ||> -1.10% ||> -2.94% ||> -1.58% ||> -1.49% ||> -1.53% ||> -1.50% ||> -1.43% ||> -1.34% ||> -0.89% ||> | + | ^ absolute change |
- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< | + | ^ relative change |
- | ||~ Submission | + | | **SULPHUR OXIDES** |
- | ||~ Submission | + | ^ Submission |
- | ||~ absolute change ||> -5.45 ||> 4.30 ||> 11.08 ||> 13.28 ||> 13.71 ||> 14.13 ||> 14.55 ||> 14.98 ||> | + | ^ Submission |
- | ||~ relative change ||> -21.7% ||> 28.2% ||> 131% ||> 209% ||> 232% ||> 257% ||> 287% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||= | + | ^ absolute change |
- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< | + | ^ relative change |
- | ||~ Submission 2020 ||> 1.91 ||> 2.01 ||> 2.08 ||> 1.97 ||> 1.95 ||> 1.93 ||> 1.90 ||> 1.88 ||> 1.86 ||> 1.84 ||> 1.83 ||> 1.82 ||> 1.78 ||> 1.79 ||> 1.79 ||> 1.80 ||= | + | | **BLACK CARBON - BC** |
- | ||~ Submission 2019 ||> | + | ^ Submission 2021 |
- | ||~ absolute change ||> -0.32 ||> -0.22 ||> -0.15 ||> -0.26 ||> -0.28 ||> -0.30 ||> -0.33 ||> -0.36 ||> -0.37 ||> -0.39 ||> -0.40 ||> -0.42 ||> -0.45 ||> -0.44 ||> -0.44 ||> -0.44 ||= | + | ^ Submission 2020 | |
- | ||~ relative change ||> -14.3% ||> -9.8% ||> -6.8% ||> -11.6% ||> -12.5% ||> -13.5% ||> -15.0% ||> -16.0% ||> -16.7% ||> -17.5% ||> -18.0% ||> -18.7% ||> -20.1% ||> -19.9% ||> -19.7% ||> -19.5% ||= | + | ^ absolute change |
- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< | + | ^ relative change |
- | ||~ Submission 2020 ||> 3.98 ||> 4.19 ||> 4.33 ||> 4.11 ||> 4.07 ||> 4.02 ||> 3.95 ||> 3.91 ||> 3.87 ||> 3.84 ||> 3.81 ||> 3.78 ||> 3.72 ||> 3.72 ||> 3.74 ||> 3.74 ||= | + | | **PARTICULATE MATTER - PM** |
- | ||~ Submission 2019 ||> | + | ^ Submission 2021 |
- | ||~ absolute change ||> -0.67 ||> -0.46 ||> -0.32 ||> -0.54 ||> -0.58 ||> -0.63 ||> -0.70 ||> -0.74 ||> -0.78 ||> -0.81 ||> -0.84 ||> -0.87 ||> -0.93 ||> -0.93 ||> -0.91 ||> -0.91 ||= | + | ^ Submission 2020 | |
- | ||~ relative change ||> -14.3% ||> -9.8% ||> -6.8% ||> -11.6% ||> -12.5% ||> -13.5% ||> -15.0% ||> -16.0% ||> -16.7% ||> -17.5% ||> -18.0% ||> -18.7% ||> -20.1% ||> -19.9% ||> -19.7% ||> -19.5% ||= | + | ^ absolute change |
- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< | + | ^ relative change |
- | ||~ Submission 2020 ||> 71.0 ||> 60.3 ||> 44.9 ||> 40.0 ||> 39.2 ||> 38.3 ||> 37.4 ||> 36.4 ||> 35.9 ||> 35.6 ||> 35.5 ||> 35.6 ||> 35.3 ||> 35.5 ||> 33.5 ||> 33.6 ||= | + | | **CARBON MONOXIDE - CO** |||||||||||||||||| |
- | ||~ Submission 2019 ||> 72.0 ||> | + | ^ Submission 2021 |
- | ||~ absolute change ||> | + | ^ Submission 2020 | |
- | ||~ relative change ||> -1.35% ||> 0.81% ||> 1.24% ||> -0.53% ||> 0.01% ||> 0.44% ||> 0.87% ||> -1.11% ||> -1.29% ||> -1.63% ||> -0.78% ||> -0.14% ||> 0.54% ||> 1.15% ||> | + | ^ absolute change |
+ | ^ relative change | ||
<WRAP center round info 60%> | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
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===== Uncertainties ===== | ===== Uncertainties ===== | ||
- | Please | + | For uncertainties information, |
===== Planned improvements ===== | ===== Planned improvements ===== | ||
- | Please | + | For information on planned improvements, |
- | + | ||
- | ------ | + | |
- | [[bibliography]] | ||
- | : 1 : Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S. (2010): Entwicklung eines eigenständigen Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV) : Endbericht. Endbericht zum F+E-Vorhaben 360 16 029, URL: https:// | + | [(KNOERR2010> |
- | : 2 : Knörr et al. (2019c): Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S.: TREMOD Aviation (TREMOD AV) 2019 - Revision des Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV). Heidelberg, Berlin: Ifeu Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH & Öko-Institut e.V., Berlin & Heidelberg, | + | [(KNOERR2020c> |
- | : 3 : Gores (2019): Inventartool zum deutschen Flugverkehrsinventar 1990-2018, im Rahmen der Aktualisierung des Moduls TREMOD-AV im Transportemissionsmodell TREMOD, Berlin, | + | [(GORES2020> |
- | : 4 : EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019 - Copenhagen, 2019 | + | [(EMEPEEA2019> |
- | : 5 : Eurocontrol (2019): Advanced emission model (AEM); https:// | + | [(EUROCONTROL2020> |
- | [[/ | + |