1.A.3.d ii - National Navigation

Short description

Under category 1.A.3.d ii - National Navigation emissions from national navigation (both inland and maritime) are reported.

Category Code Method AD EF
1.A.3.d ii T1, T2, T3 NS, M CS, D, M
Key Category SO2 NOx NH3 NMVOC CO BC Pb Hg Cd Diox PAH HCB TSP PM10 PM2.5
1.A.3.d ii -/- L/- -/- -/- -/- -/- -/- -/- -/- -/- -/- -/- -/- L/T L/T

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T = key source by Trend L = key source by Level

Methods
D Default
RA Reference Approach
T1 Tier 1 / Simple Methodology *
T2 Tier 2*
T3 Tier 3 / Detailed Methodology *
C CORINAIR
CS Country Specific
M Model
* as described in the EMEP/CORINAIR Emission Inventory Guidebook - 2007, in the group specific chapters.
AD - Data Source for Activity Data
NS National Statistics
RS Regional Statistics
IS International Statistics
PS Plant Specific data
AS Associations, business organisations
Q specific questionnaires, surveys
EF - Emission Factors
D Default (EMEP Guidebook)
C Confidential
CS Country Specific
PS Plant Specific data

Methodology

Activity data

As described for the over-all sector 1.A.3.d and all other navigational activities in the superordinate chapter, specific fuel consumption data for NFR 1.A.3.d ii is included in the primary fuel deliveries data provided in NEB lines 6 ('International Maritime Bunkers') and 64 ('Coastal and Inland Navigation') 1).

Here, the annual fuel consumption for domestic maritime navigation are modelled within 2) based on AIS data and deduced from NEB lines 6 and 64 respectively, depending on whether or not a certain ship is registered by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Here, fuels consumed by large, IMO-registered and sea-going ships and vessels are included in NEB line 6 whereas fuels consumed by smaller ships without IMO-registration are included in NEB line 64. After these deductions, the amounts of fuels remaining in NEB 64 are allocated to domestic inland navigation.

Table 1: Annual over-all fuel consumption for domestic navigation, in terajoule

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Diesel Oil 36,604 29,855 18,648 18,596 16,183 16,954 16,601 16,824 18,532 22,781 24,167 22,400 23,847 21,556
Heavy fuel oil 11,723 8,041 8,577 7,172 6,114 5,961 6,410 6,376 6,046 50,0 7,05 7,01 190 358
Ʃ 1.A.3.d ii 48,326 37,896 27,224 25,768 22,297 22,916 23,011 23,200 24,578 22,831 24,174 22,407 24,037 21,914

Table 2: Specific fuel consumption data for domestic maritime and inland navigation, in terajoule

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
NATIONAL MARITIME NAVIGATION
Diesel Oil 15940 11258 11860 9962 8685 8489 9046 9047 9965 13359 16295 15221 16336 13961
Heavy fuel oil 11723 8041 8577 7172 6114 5961 6410 6376 6046 50,0 7,05 7,01 190 358
NATIONAL INLAND NAVIGATION
Diesel Oil 20.664 18.597 6.788 8.634 7.497 8.466 7.556 7.777 8.567 9.422 7.873 7.179 7.511 7.595
Ʃ 1.A.3.d ii 48.326 37.896 27.224 25.768 22.297 22.916 23.011 23.200 24.578 22.831 24.174 22.407 24.037 21.914

Emission factors

The emission factors applied for national maritime navigation are derived from different sources and therefore are of very different quality.

For the main pollutants, country-specific implied values are used, that are based on tier3 EF included in the BSH model 3) which mainly relate on values from the EMEP/EEA guidebook 2019 4). These modelled IEFs take into account the ship specific information derived from AIS data as well as the mix of fuel-qualities applied depending on the type of ship and the current state of activity.

Here, for sulphur dioxide and particulate matter, annual values are available representing the impact of fuel sulphur legislation. In addition, regarding 2, the increasing operation of so-called scrubbers in order to fullfil emission limits especially within SECA areas is reflected for heavy fuel oil.

Table 3: Country-specific emission factors applied for fuels used in domestic maritime navigation, in [kg/TJ]

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
DIESEL OIL
NH3 0,32 0,32 0,32 0,32 0,32 0,32 0,32 0,32 0,32 0,33 0,32 0,32 0,32 0,32
NMVOC 48,7 48,7 48,7 48,7 48,7 48,7 48,7 48,4 48,0 44,8 44,7 45,0 45,2 45,2
NOx 1.070 1.070 1.070 1.070 1.069 1.069 1.069 1.073 1.077 1.151 1.132 1.157 1.128 1.128
SO2 465,5 419,0 232,8 186,2 69,8 65,18 54,53 52,56 50,48 40,74 40,61 40,74 40,76 40,76
BC1 109,2 98,6 54,7 43,8 16,4 15,4 15,3 15,2 15,2 16,3 16,9 16,9 16,5 16,5
PM2.5 352,4 318,0 176,5 141,2 53,0 49,6 49,5 49,1 49,1 52,7 54,5 54,5 53,1 53,1
PM10 377,1 340,3 188,9 151,0 56,7 53,0 53,0 52,5 52,6 56,4 58,3 58,3 56,9 56,9
TSP2 377,1 340,3 188,9 151,0 56,7 53,0 53,0 52,5 52,6 56,4 58,3 58,3 56,9 56,9
CO 127 128 128 128 128 128 128 127 128 134 139 138 136 136
HEAVY FUEL OIL
NH3 0,34 0,34 0,34 0,34 0,34 0,34 0,34 0,34 0,35 0,33 0,33 0,34 0,35 0,35
NMVOC 36,6 36,6 36,6 36,6 36,6 36,6 36,6 37,6 37,8 30,0 36,8 30,4 28,3 28,3
NOx 1.379 1.378 1.378 1.378 1.378 1.377 1.379 1.382 1.393 1.348 1.245 1.360 1.503 1.503
SOx 1.319 1.332 1.323 1.336 496 496 496 496 506 47,5 49,3 46,4 49,8 49,8
BC1 57,4 58,0 57,6 58,2 21,6 21,6 21,6 22,1 22,4 18,1 24,7 18,3 14,7 14,7
PM2.5 479 483 480 485 180 180 180 184 187 151 205 153 123 123
PM10 526 532 528 533 198 198 198 203 206 166 226 168 135 135
TSP2 526 532 528 533 198 198 198 203 206 166 226 168 135 135
CO 162 162 162 162 162 162 162 162 167 165 198 167 134 134

1 estimated from f-BCs as provided in 5): f-BC (HFO) = 0.12, f-BC (MDO/MGO) = 0.31 as provided in 6), chapter: 1.A.3.d.i, 1.A.3.d.ii, 1.A.4.c.iii Navigation, Tables 3-1 & 3-2
2 ratio of PM2.5 : PM10 : TSP derived from the tier1 default EF as provided in 7), chapter: 1.A.3.d.i, 1.A.3.d.ii, 1.A.4.c.iii Navigation, Tables 3-1 & 3-2

For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included.

For main pollutants and particulate matter from national inland navigation, modelled emission factors are available from TREMOD (Knörr et al. (2020a)) 8). Here, for SO2, and PM, annual values reflect the impact of fuel-sulphur legislation.

Table 4: Country-specific emission factors for diesel fuels used in domestic inland navigation, in [kg/TJ]

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
NH3 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23
NMVOC 96,4 87,9 77,7 73,4 69,3 68,2 66,9 65,9 64,6 63,4 62,2 61,0 59,8 59,8
NOx 1.327 1.331 1.336 1.294 1.245 1.236 1.224 1.213 1.198 1.184 1.170 1.155 1.141 1.141
SOx 86,4 60,5 60,5 60,5 60,5 0,37 0,37 0,37 0,38 0,37 0,38 0,38 0,38 0,38
BC1 17,5 16,0 14,1 12,2 10,07 9,86 9,61 9,44 9,23 9,04 8,87 8,69 8,53 8,53
PM2 56,5 51,7 45,6 39,3 32,5 31,8 31,0 30,5 29,8 29,2 28,6 28,0 27,5 27,5
CO 417 387 337 307 277 272 266 261 256 251 246 241 236 236

1 calculated from f-BC as provided in 9), Chapter: 1.A.3.d.i, 1.A.3.d.ii, 1.A.4.c.iii, Table 3-2: f-BC (MDO/MGO) = 0.31
2 EF(PM2.5) also applied for PM10 and TSP (assumption: > 99% of TSP from diesel oil combustion consists of PM2.5)

With respect to the emission factors applied for particulate matter, given the circumstances during test-bench measurements, condensables are most likely included at least partly. 1)

For information on the emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions, please refer to Appendix 2.3 - Heavy Metal (HM) exhaust emissions from mobile sources and Appendix 2.4 - Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) exhaust emissions from mobile sources.

Table: Outcome of Key Category Analysis

for: PM10 PM2.5
by: L/T L/T

For ammonia, NMVOC, and nitrogen oxides as well as carbon monoxide, emission trends more or less represent the trend in over-all fuel consumption.

Nonetheless, for these pollutants, annual emission factors from BSH 10) and TREMOD 11) have been applied for national maritime and inland navigation, respectively, reflecting the technical development of the German inland navigation fleet.

Here, the trends in sulphur dioxide and particulate matter emissions reflect the impact of ongoing fuel-sulphur legislation especially in maritime navigation.

Recalculations

Major changes in activity data result from the revision of the National Energy Balance 2018. Furthermore, as no biodiesel is blended to marine diesel oil for technical reasons, no more biodiesel is reported for nautical activities. This correction results in additional recalculations for all years as of 2004.

Table 5: Revised fuel consumption data for national maritime navigation, in terajoules

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
diesel oil
Submission 2021 15940 11258 11860 9962 8685 8489 9046 9047 9965 13359 16295 15221 16336
Submission 2020 15940 11258 11860 9962 8685 8489 9046 9047 9965 13359 16295 15221 15856
absolute change 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 480
relative change 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 3,03%
Biodiesel
Submission 2021 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Submission 2020 0 0 0 79,2 205 202 215 192 210 167 146 134 135
absolute change 0,00 0,00 0,00 -79,2 -205 -202 -215 -192 -210 -167 -146 -134 -135
relative change -100% -100% -100% -100% -100% -100% -100% -100% -100% -100%
Heavy Fuel Oil
Submission 2021 11723 8041 8577 7172 6114 5961 6410 6376 6046 50,0 7,05 7,01 190
Submission 2020 11723 8041 8577 7172 6114 5961 6410 6376 6046 50,0 7,05 7,01 283
absolute change 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 -92,4
relative change 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% -32,7%
over-all fuel consumption
Submission 2021 27662 19299 20436 17134 14799 14450 15455 15423 16011 13409 16302 15228 16527
Submission 2020 27662 19299 20436 17214 15004 14652 15670 15615 16220 13576 16448 15363 16274
absolute change 0,00 0,00 0,00 -79,2 -205 -202 -215 -192 -210 -167 -146 -134 253
relative change 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% -0,46% -1,37% -1,38% -1,37% -1,23% -1,29% -1,23% -0,89% -0,87% 1,55%

Furthermore, the country-specific emission factors applied for diesel fuels used in domestic inland navigation have been revised within TREMOD 12):

Table 6: Revised country-specific emission factors for diesel fuels used in domestic inland navigation, in [kg/TJ]

1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
NON-METHANE VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPUNDS - NMVOC
Submission 2021 96,4 87,9 77,7 73,4 72,5 71,6 70,7 69,8 69,3 68,2 66,9 65,9 64,6 63,4 62,2 61,0 59,8
Submission 2020 96,4 87,9 77,7 66,7 64,9 62,8 60,3 58,8 58,0 56,9 55,7 54,7 53,6 52,6 51,6 50,6 49,7
absolute change 0,00 0,00 0,00 6,62 7,56 8,82 10,32 10,97 11,30 11,30 11,23 11,12 10,93 10,76 10,54 10,34 10,14
relative change 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 9,91% 11,64% 14,1% 17,1% 18,7% 19,5% 19,9% 20,2% 20,3% 20,4% 20,5% 20,4% 20,4% 20,4%
NITROGEN OXIDES
Submission 2021 1.327 1.331 1.336 1.294 1.285 1.275 1.265 1.254 1.245 1.236 1.224 1.213 1.198 1.184 1.170 1.155 1.141
Submission 2020 1.327 1.331 1.336 1.303 1.290 1.269 1.243 1.227 1.208 1.198 1.183 1.171 1.153 1.136 1.119 1.102 1.085
absolute change 0,00 0,00 0,00 -8,97 -5,63 5,48 22,2 27,4 37,1 38,7 40,9 42,8 45,4 47,9 50,6 53,3 56,1
relative change 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% -0,69% -0,44% 0,43% 1,79% 2,23% 3,07% 3,23% 3,46% 3,66% 3,94% 4,22% 4,52% 4,84% 5,17%
SULPHUR OXIDES
Submission 2021 86,4 60,5 60,5 60,5 60,5 60,5 60,5 60,5 60,5 0,37 0,37 0,37 0,38 0,37 0,38 0,38 0,38
Submission 2020 86,4 60,5 60,5 60,5 60,5 60,5 60,5 60,5 60,5 0,37 0,37 0,37 0,37 0,36 0,38 0,37 0,37
absolute change 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,02 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,01 0,00 0,00 0,00
relative change 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,03% 0,18% -0,05% 0,07% 0,35% 3,21% -0,20% 0,73% 0,73%
BLACK CARBON - BC
Submission 2021 17,5 16,0 14,1 12,2 11,8 11,3 10,9 10,4 10,1 9,86 9,61 9,44 9,23 9,04 8,87 8,69 8,53
Submission 2020 17,5 16,0 14,1 11,6 11,1 10,7 10,2 9,86 9,63 9,43 9,17 8,99 8,78 8,59 8,42 8,24 8,07
absolute change 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,54 0,62 0,64 0,70 0,56 0,43 0,44 0,44 0,45 0,45 0,45 0,45 0,45 0,45
relative change 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 4,66% 5,60% 5,96% 6,83% 5,66% 4,48% 4,65% 4,82% 4,95% 5,09% 5,23% 5,35% 5,48% 5,61%
PARTICULATE MATTER - PM
Submission 2021 56,5 51,7 45,6 39,3 37,9 36,5 35,1 33,6 32,5 31,8 31,0 30,5 29,8 29,2 28,6 28,0 27,5
Submission 2020 56,5 51,7 45,6 37,5 35,9 34,5 32,8 31,8 31,1 30,4 29,6 29,0 28,3 27,7 27,1 26,6 26,0
absolute change 0,00 0,00 0,00 1,75 2,01 2,06 2,24 1,80 1,39 1,41 1,43 1,44 1,44 1,45 1,45 1,46 1,46
relative change 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 4,66% 5,60% 5,96% 6,83% 5,66% 4,48% 4,65% 4,82% 4,95% 5,09% 5,23% 5,35% 5,48% 5,61%
CARBON MONOXIDE - CO
Submission 2021 417 387 337 307 301 294 288 281 277 272 266 261 256 251 246 241 236
Submission 2020 417 387 337 274 262 250 237 229 223 217 211 206 200 195 190 185 180
absolute change 0,00 0,00 0,00 32,9 38,6 43,9 50,6 52,2 54,1 54,7 55,1 55,6 55,7 55,9 55,9 56,0 55,9
relative change 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 12,0% 14,7% 17,5% 21,3% 22,9% 24,3% 25,2% 26,2% 27,0% 27,9% 28,7% 29,5% 30,3% 31,1%

In contrast, the country-specific emission factors applied for fuels used in national maritime navigation remain unaltered.

For more information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant-specific recalculation tables following chapter 8.1 - Recalculations.

Uncertainties

Uncertainty estimates for activity data of mobile sources derive from research project FKZ 360 16 023: “Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland” by Knörr et al. (2009) 13).

Planned improvements

Besides the routine revisions of the models used for maritime and inland navigation, no specific improvements are scheduled.


1) AGEB, 2020: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; URL: http://www.ag-energiebilanzen.de/7-0-Bilanzen-1990-2018.html, (Aufruf: 29.11.2020), Köln & Berlin, 2020
2), 3), 10) Deichnik (2020): Aktualisierung und Revision des Modells zur Berechnung der spezifischen Verbräuche und Emissionen des von Deutschland ausgehenden Seeverkehrs. from Bundesamts für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie (BSH - Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency); Hamburg, 2020.
4), 5), 6), 7), 9) EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2019, Copenhagen, 2019.
8), 11), 12) Knörr et al. (2020a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: Energieverbrauch und Schadstoffemissionen des motorisierten Verkehrs in Deutschland 1960-2035, sowie TREMOD, im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, Heidelberg & Berlin, 2020.
13) (bibcite 7)
1)
During test-bench measurements, temperatures are likely to be significantly higher than under real-world conditions, thus reducing condensation. On the contrary, smaller dillution (higher number of primary particles acting as condensation germs) together with higher pressures increase the likeliness of condensation. So over-all condensables are very likely to occur but different to real-world conditions.