1.A.3.d ii - National Navigation

Under category 1.A.3.d ii - National Navigation emissions from national navigation (both inland and maritime) are reported.

As described for the over-all sector 1.A.3.d and all other navigational activities here ], specific fuel consumption data for NFR 1.A.3.d ii is included in the primary fuel deliveries data provided in NEB lines 6 ('International Maritime Bunkers') and 64 ('Coastal and Inland Navigation') ¹⁾.

Here, the annual fuel consumption for domestic maritime navigation are modelled within ²⁾ based on AIS data and deduced from NEB lines 6 and 64 respectively, depending on whether or not a certain ship is registered by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Here, fuels consumed by large, IMO-registered and sea-going ships and vessels are included in NEB line 6 whereas fuels consumed by smaller ships without IMO-registration are included in NEB line 64. After these deductions, the amounts of fuels remaining in NEB 64 are allocated to domestic inland navigation.

Table 1: Annual over-all fuel consumption for domestic navigation, in terajoule

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Table 2: Specific fuel consumption data for domestic maritime and inland navigation, in terajoule

The emission factors applied for national maritime navigation are derived from different sources and therefore are of very different quality.

For the main pollutants, country-specific implied values are used, that are based on tier3 EF included in the BSH model ³⁾ which mainly relate on values from the EMEP/EEA guidebook 2019 ⁴⁾. These modelled IEFs take into account the ship specific information derived from AIS data as well as the mix of fuel-qualities applied depending on the type of ship and the current state of activity.

Here, for sulphur dioxide and particulate matter, annual values are available representing the impact of fuel sulphur legislation. In addition, regarding SO,,x,,, the increasing operation of so-called scrubbers in order to fullfil emission limits especially within SECA areas is reflected for heavy fuel oil.

Table 3: Country-specific emission factors applied for fuels used in domestic maritime navigation, in [kg/TJ]

¹ estimated from f-BCs as provided in ⁵⁾: f-BC (HFO) = 0.12, f-BC (MDO/MGO) = 0.31 as provided in ⁶⁾, chapter: 1.A.3.d.i, 1.A.3.d.ii, 1.A.4.c.iii Navigation, Tables 3-1 & 3-2 ² ratios PM,,2.5,, : PM,,10,, : TSP derived from the tier1 default EF as provided in ⁷⁾, chapter: 1.A.3.d.i, 1.A.3.d.ii, 1.A.4.c.iii Navigation, Tables 3-1 & 3-2

For main pollutants and particulate matter from national inland navigation, modelled emission factors are available from TREMOD (Knörr et al. (2019a)) ⁸⁾. Here, for SO,,2,, and PM, annual values reflect the impact of fuel-sulphur legislation.

Table 4: Country-specific emission factors for diesel fuels used in domestic inland navigation, in [kg/TJ]^^1^^

NOTE: With respect to the emission factors applied for particulate matter, given the circumstances during test-bench measurements, condensables are most likely included at least partly.footnote During test-bench measurements, temperatures are likely to be significantly higher than under real-world conditions, thus reducing condensation. On the contrary, smaller dillution (higher number of primary particles acting as condensation germs) together with higher pressures increase the likeliness of condensation. So over-all condensables are very likely to occur but different to real-world conditions. footnote

For information on the emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions, please refer to Appendix 2.3 - Heavy Metal (HM) exhaust emissions from mobile sources] and Appendix 2.4 - Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) exhaust emissions from mobile sources ].

NFR 1.A.3.d ii is key category for emissions of NO,,x,,, PM,,2.5,, and PM,,10,,.

For ammonia, NMVOC, and nitrogen oxides as well as carbon monoxide, emission trends more or less represent the trend in over-all fuel consumption.

Nonetheless, for these pollutants, annual emission factors from BSH ⁹⁾ and TREMOD ¹⁰⁾ have been applied for national maritime and inland navigation, respectively, reflecting the technical development of the German inland navigation fleet.

gallery size="medium" : EM_1A3dii_NH3.png : EM_1A3dii_NMVOC.png : EM_1A3dii_NOx.png : EM_1A3dii_CO.png gallery

Here, the trends in sulphur dioxide and particulate matter emissions reflect the impact of ongoing fuel-sulphur legislation especially in maritime navigation.

gallery size="medium" : EM_1A3dii_SO2.png : EM_1A3dii_PM.png gallery

Major changes in activity data result from the revision of the National Energy Balance 2017 and revised shares of biodiesel mixed to diesel oil in 2016 and 2017.

Table 5: Revised fuel consumption data 2016 & 2017, in terajoules

Furthermore, the country-specific emission factors applied for diesel fuels used in domestic inland navigation have been revised within TREMOD ¹¹⁾:

Table 6: Revised country-specific emission factors for diesel fuels used in domestic inland navigation, in [kg/TJ]^^1^^

In contrast, the country-specific emission factors applied for fuels used in national maritime navigation remain unaltered.

Uncertainty estimates for activity data of mobile sources derive from research project FKZ 360 16 023: “Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland” by Knörr et al. (2009) ¹²⁾.

Besides the routine revisions of the models used for maritime and inland navigation, no specific improvements are scheduled.

bibliography : 1 : AGEB, 2019: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; URL: http://www.ag-energiebilanzen.de/7-0-Bilanzen-1990-2017.html, Köln & Berlin, 2019. : 2 : BAFA (2019): Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle, BAFA): Amtliche Mineralöldaten für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; URL: https://www.bafa.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Energie/Mineraloel/moel_amtliche_daten_2018_dezember.xlsx?__blob=publicationFile&v=4, (Aufruf: 29.11.2019), Eschborn, 2019. : 3 : MWV, 2019: German Petroleum Industry Association (Mineralölwirtschaftsverband, MWV): MWV Jahresberichte: URL: https://www.mwv.de/publikationen/jahresberichte/, Berlin, 2019. : 4 : Deichnik (2019): Deichnik, K.: Aktualisierung und Revision des Modells zur Berechnung der spezifischen Verbräuche und Emissionen des von Deutschland ausgehenden Seeverkehrs. from Bundesamts für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie (BSH); Hamburg, 2019. : 5 : Knörr et al. (2019a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: Energieverbrauch und Schadstoffemissionen des motorisierten Verkehrs in Deutschland 1960-2035, sowie TREMOD, im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, Heidelberg & Berlin, 2019. : 6 : EMEP/EEA (2019): EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, Copenhagen, 2019. : 7 : Knörr et al. (2009): Knörr, W., Heldstab, J., & Kasser, F.: Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland; final report; URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/461/publikationen/3937.pdf, FKZ 360 16 023, Heidelberg & Zürich, 2009. bibliography