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1.A.3.b vi - Road Transport: Automobile Tyre and Brake Wear

Short description

In sub-categories 1.A.3.b vi - Road transport: Automobile tyre and brake wear emissions from automobile tyre and brake wear in RT are reported. Therefore, these sub-category is an important source for a) particle emissions and b) emissions of heavy metals, POPs etc. included in these particles.

Category Code Method AD EF
1.A.3.b vi T1, T3 NS, M CS
Key Category SO2 NOx NH3 NMVOC CO BC Pb Hg Cd Diox PAH HCB TSP PM10 PM2.5
1.A.3.b vi - - - - - L/- L/- - -/- - -/- - L/- L/T L/-

Methodology

Activity data

Abrasive emissions from tyre and brake wear are estimated based on vehicle-type specific mileage data.

For detailed mileage data, please see superordinate chapter on abrasive emissions from road vehicles.

Emission factors

Table 1: Emission factors applied

Tyre Wear Brake Wear
PCs LDVs HDVs Buses Mopeds Motorcycles PCs LDVs HDVs Buses Mopeds Motorcycles
BC [mg/km] 1,07 1,69 4,50 4,50 0,55 0,55 0,75 1,17 3,27 3,27 0,44 0,44
PM2.5 4,49 7,10 18,9 18,9 1,93 1,93 2,93 4,56 12,7 12,7 1,44 1,44
PM10 6,40 10,1 27,0 24,3 2,80 2,80 7,35 11,5 32,0 28,8 3,63 3,63
TSP 10,7 16,9 45,0 45,0 4,60 4,60 7,50 11,7 32,7 32,7 3,70 3,7
Pb [µg/km] 1,88 2,97 4,26 3,10 0,81 0,81 45,5 71,0 199 199 22,5 22,5
Hg 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cd 0,05 0,08 0,11 0,08 0,02 0,02 0,17 0,26 0,73 0,73 0,08 0,08
As 0,04 0,06 0,09 0,07 0,02 0,02 0,51 0,79 2,21 2,21 0,25 0,25
Cr 0,26 0,40 0,58 0,42 0,11 0,11 17,3 27,0 75,7 75,7 8,55 8,55
Cu 1,86 2,94 4,21 3,06 0,80 0,80 383 598 1674 1674 189 189
Ni 0,32 0,51 0,72 0,53 0,14 0,14 2,45 3,83 10,71 10,71 1,21 1,21
Se 0,21 0,34 0,48 0,35 0,09 0,09 0,15 0,23 0,66 0,66 0,07 0,07
Zn 79,5 126 180 131 34,2 34,2 65,1 102 284 284 32,1 32,1
B[a]P 0,032 0,049 0,134 0,120 0,013 0,013 NA NA NA NA NA NA
B[b]F 0,038 0,063 0,161 0,144 0,019 0,019 NA NA NA NA NA NA
B[k]F 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA
I[..]P 0,019 0,028 0,082 0,072 0,006 0,006 NA NA NA NA NA NA
∑ PAHs 1-4 0,090 0,140 0,379 0,336 0,038 0,038 NA NA NA NA NA NA

(emissions from wear/abrasion only; no fuel combustion included)

Table: Outcome of Key Category Analysis

for: BC Pb TSP PM10 PM2.5
by: Level L/- L/- Level & Trend L/-

All reported emissons from tyre and brake wear are connected directly to the mileage driven by the road vehicles covered.

Recalculations

Activity data (mileage) have been revised due to the regular revision of the TREMOD model. (see superordinate chapter ).

However, the biggest changes occur in the tier1 emission factors that have been revised during a research study. The variety of old and revised emission factors cannot be compared here in a comprehendible way.

For more information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant-specific recalculation tables following chapter 8.1 - Recalculations.

Planned improvements

Besides a routine revision of the underlying model, no specific improvements are planned.