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| sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:emissions_from_fuel_combustion_in_road_vehicles:light_duty_vehicles [2021/04/08 15:29] – kotzulla | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:emissions_from_fuel_combustion_in_road_vehicles:light_duty_vehicles [2021/12/15 20:00] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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| Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
| ^ Category Code ^ Method | ^ Category Code ^ Method | ||
| | 1.A.3.b ii | T1, T3 ||||| NS, M ||||| CS, M, D ||||| | | 1.A.3.b ii | T1, T3 ||||| NS, M ||||| CS, M, D ||||| | ||
| - | ^ Key Category | + | ^ Key Category |
| | 1.A.3.b ii | -/- | L/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | L/T | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | | 1.A.3.b ii | -/- | L/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | L/T | -/- | -/- | -/- | -/- | ||
| Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
| ==== Activity data ==== | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
| - | Specific consumption data for light-duty vehicles (LDV) are generated within TREMOD [((bibcite 1))]. - The following table provides an overview of annual amounts of fuels consumed by LDV in Germany. | + | Specific consumption data for light-duty vehicles (LDV) are generated within TREMOD [(KNOERR2020a)]. - The following table provides an overview of annual amounts of fuels consumed by LDV in Germany. |
| __Table 1: Annual fuel consumption of light duty vehicles, in terajoules__ | __Table 1: Annual fuel consumption of light duty vehicles, in terajoules__ | ||
| - | | | **1990** | + | | |
| - | ^ Diesel oil | 253, | + | ^ Diesel oil | 25.715 |
| - | ^ Gasoline | + | ^ Gasoline |
| - | ^ LPG | + | ^ CNG |
| - | ^ CNG | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1,608 | | + | ^ Biodiesel |
| - | ^ Biodiesel | + | ^ Biogasoline |
| - | ^ Biogasoline | + | ^ Biogas |
| - | ^ Biogas | + | ^ Ʃ 1.A.3.b |
| - | ^ Ʃ 1.A.3.b | + | |
| - | [[gallery size=" | + | {{ :sector:energy: |
| - | : 1A3bii_AD.png | + | |
| - | : 1A3bii_AD_diesel.png | + | |
| - | : 1A3bii_AD_gasoline.png | + | |
| - | [[/ | + | |
| <WRAP center round info 60%> | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
| Line 38: | Line 33: | ||
| </ | </ | ||
| - | === Emission factors === | + | ==== Emission factors |
| - | The majority of emission factors for exhaust emissions from road transport are taken from the ' | + | The majority of emission factors for exhaust emissions from road transport are taken from the ' |
| However, it is not possible to present these highly specific tier3 values here in a comprehendible way . | However, it is not possible to present these highly specific tier3 values here in a comprehendible way . | ||
| - | [!-- | ||
| - | __Table 2: selected annual fuel-specific IEF for passenger cars, in kg/TJ__ | ||
| - | |||
| - | | | **1990** | ||
| - | | **Gasoline fuels**< | ||
| - | ^ NH< | ||
| - | ^ NMVOC< | ||
| - | ^ NO< | ||
| - | ^ SO< | ||
| - | ^ CO | ||
| - | ^ BC< | ||
| - | ^ PM< | ||
| - | ^ TSP< | ||
| - | | **Diesel fuels**< | ||
| - | ^ NH< | ||
| - | ^ NMVOC | 45.5 | 36.8 | 29.1 | 18.6 | 16.5 | 15.0 | 13.5 | 12.5 | 11.7 | 11.0 | 10.4 | 9.93 | 9.64 | 9.62 | 9.85 | 10.1 | | ||
| - | ^ NO< | ||
| - | ^ SO< | ||
| - | ^ CO | ||
| - | ^ BC< | ||
| - | ^ PM< | ||
| - | | **Liquefied Petroleum Gas - LPG** |||||||||||||||| | ||
| - | ^ NH< | ||
| - | ^ NMVOC | 329 | 283 | 49.6 | 9.73 | 8.63 | 8.22 | 7.50 | 7.24 | 7.17 | 7.10 | 6.97 | 6.88 | 6.82 | 6.78 | 6.77 | 6.75 | | ||
| - | ^ NO< | ||
| - | ^ SO< | ||
| - | ^ CO | ||
| - | ^ BC< | ||
| - | ^ PM< | ||
| - | | **Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) & Biogas**< | ||
| - | ^ NH< | ||
| - | ^ NMVOC | | | | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.49 | 0.49 | 0.49 | 0.50 | 0.51 | 0.52 | 0.52 | | ||
| - | ^ NO< | ||
| - | ^ SO< | ||
| - | ^ CO | ||
| - | ^ BC< | ||
| - | ^ PM< | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | --] | ||
| <WRAP center round info 100%> | <WRAP center round info 100%> | ||
| - | With respect to the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, given the circumstances during test-bench measurements, | + | With respect to the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, given the circumstances during test-bench measurements, |
| - | </ | + | |
| - | For heavy-metal (other then lead from leaded gasoline) and PAH exhaust-emissions, | + | For heavy-metal (other then lead from leaded gasoline) and PAH exhaust-emissions, |
| - | Regarding PCDD/F, a tier1 EF from (Rentz et al., 2008) [((bibcite 4))] is used instead. | + | Regarding PCDD/F, a tier1 EF from (Rentz et al., 2008) [(RENTZ2008)] is used instead. |
| __Table 3: tier1 emission factors__ | __Table 3: tier1 emission factors__ | ||
| Line 106: | Line 55: | ||
| ^ LPG< | ^ LPG< | ||
| ^ all fuels | ^ all fuels | ||
| - | < | + | < |
| - | < | + | < |
| - | < | + | < |
| - | < | + | < |
| =====Discussion of emission trends==== | =====Discussion of emission trends==== | ||
| __Table: Outcome of Key Category Analyis__ | __Table: Outcome of Key Category Analyis__ | ||
| - | ^ | + | | for: ^ NO< |
| - | | by: | | + | | |
| - | ++ Nitrogen oxides | + | ==== Nitrogen oxides==== |
| - | NO,,x,, emissions increased steadily until 2002 following the shift to diesel engines. During the last ten years, emissions decline steadily due to catalytic-converter use and engine improvements resulting from ongoing tightening of emissions laws and improved fuel quality. | + | NO<sub>x</ |
| - | [[gallery size=" | + | {{ :sector: |
| - | : 1A3bii_EM_NOx.PNG | + | |
| - | [[/ | + | |
| - | ++ Particulate matter (BC, PM,,2.5,,, PM,, | + | ==== Ammonia |
| - | Starting in the middle of the 1990s, a so-called " | + | As for the entire road transport sector, the trends for **sulphur dioxide** |
| - | [[gallery size=" | + | Here, the strong dependence on increasing fuel qualities (sulphur content) leads to an cascaded downward trend of emissions , influenced only slightly by increases in fuel consumption and mileage. |
| - | : 1A3bii_EM_PM.png | + | |
| - | [[/gallery]] | + | {{ :sector: |
| + | |||
| + | For **ammonia** emissions the increasing use of catalytic converters in gasoline driven cars in the 1990s lead to a steep increase whereas both the technical development of the converters and the ongoing shift from gasoline to diesel cars resulted in decreasing emissions in the following years. | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{ : | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====Particulate matter & Black carbon==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Starting in the middle of the 1990s, a so-called " | ||
| + | {{ : | ||
| ===== Recalculations ===== | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
| Line 141: | Line 97: | ||
| __Table 4: Revised fuel consumption data, in terajoules__ | __Table 4: Revised fuel consumption data, in terajoules__ | ||
| - | | | + | | | **1990** |
| - | | **DIESEL OIL** | + | | **Diesel oil** |||||||||||||||||| |
| - | ^ Submission 2021 | + | ^ Submission 2021 | 25.715 |
| - | ^ Submission 2020 | + | ^ Submission 2020 | 41.153 |
| - | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
| - | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
| - | | **BIODIESEL** |||||||||||||||||| | + | | **Biodiesel** |
| - | ^ Submission 2021 | + | ^ Submission 2021 | 0 | |
| - | ^ Submission 2020 | + | ^ Submission 2020 | 0 | |
| - | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
| - | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
| - | | **GASOLINE** | + | | **Gasoline** |||||||||||||||||| |
| - | ^ Submission 2021 | + | ^ Submission 2021 | 28.187 |
| - | ^ Submission 2020 | + | ^ Submission 2020 | 31.432 |
| - | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
| - | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
| - | | **BIOGASOLINE** |||||||||||||||||| | + | | **Biogasoline** |
| - | ^ Submission 2021 | + | ^ Submission 2021 | | | | 63,3 | |
| - | ^ Submission 2020 | + | ^ Submission 2020 | | | | 73,7 | |
| - | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
| - | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
| - | | **CNG** | + | | **CNG** |
| - | ^ Submission 2021 | + | ^ Submission 2021 | | | | |
| - | ^ Submission 2020 | 22, | + | ^ Submission 2020 | | | | |
| - | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
| - | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
| - | | **BIOGAS** |||||||||||||||||| | + | | **Biogas** |||||||||||||||||| |
| - | ^ Submission 2021 | + | ^ Submission 2021 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| - | ^ Submission 2020 | + | ^ Submission 2020 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| - | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
| - | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative |
| - | | **LPG** |||||||||||||||||| | + | |
| - | ^ Submission 2021 | + | |
| - | ^ Submission 2020 | + | |
| - | ^ absolute change | + | |
| - | ^ relative change | + | |
| - | | **TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION** | + | |
| - | ^ Submission 2021 | + | |
| - | ^ Submission 2020 | + | |
| - | ^ absolute | + | |
| - | ^ relative change | + | |
| Due to the variety of tier3 **emission factors** applied, it is not possible to display any changes in these data sets in a comprehendible way. | Due to the variety of tier3 **emission factors** applied, it is not possible to display any changes in these data sets in a comprehendible way. | ||
| Line 193: | Line 138: | ||
| Besides a routine revision of the underlying model, no specific improvements are planned. | Besides a routine revision of the underlying model, no specific improvements are planned. | ||
| - | |||
| ===== FAQs ===== | ===== FAQs ===== | ||
| - | ------ | ||
| - | [[bibliography]] | + | [(KNOERR2020a> |
| - | : 1 : Knörr et al. (2019a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: | + | [(KELLER2017> |
| - | : 2 : Keller et al., (2007): Keller, M., Hausberger, S., Matzer, C., Wüthrich, P., & Notter, B.: Handbook Emission Factors for Road Transport, version 4.1 (Handbuch Emissionsfaktoren des Straßenverkehrs 4.1) URL: http:// | + | [(EMEPEEA2019> |
| - | : 3 : EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019; https:// | + | [(RENTZ2008> |
| - | : 4 : Rentz et al., 2008: Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, | + | |
| - | [[/ | + | |