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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:commercial_and_institutional [2021/12/15 19:07] – external edit 127.0.0.1sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:commercial_and_institutional [2023/04/11 12:25] (current) – [Regulated pollutants] kotzulla
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 ==== Activity data ==== ==== Activity data ====
  
-Sector-specific **diesel** consumption data are included in the primary fuel-delivery data available from NEB line 67: 'Commercial, trade, services and other consumers' (AGEB, 2020) [(AGEB2020)].+Sector-specific **diesel** consumption data are included in the primary fuel-delivery data available from NEB line 67: 'Commercial, trade, services and other consumers' (AGEB, 2022) [(AGEB2022)].
  
 __Table 1: Sources for primary fuel-deliveries data__ __Table 1: Sources for primary fuel-deliveries data__
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 || as of 1995 || NEB line 67: 'Commercial, trade, services and other consumers' || || as of 1995 || NEB line 67: 'Commercial, trade, services and other consumers' ||
  
-Following the deduction of diesel oil inputs for military vehicles as provided in (BAFA, 2020) [(BAFA2020)], the remaining amounts of diesel oil are apportioned onto off-road construction vehicles (NFR 1.A.2.g vii) and off-road vehicles in commercial/institutional use (1.A.4.a ii) as well as agriculture and forestry (1.A.4.c ii) based upon annual shares derived from (Knörr et al. (2020b)) [(KNOERR2020b)]  (cf. superordinate chapter).+Following the deduction of diesel oil inputs for military vehicles as provided in (BAFA, 2022) [(BAFA2022)], the remaining amounts of diesel oil are apportioned onto off-road construction vehicles (NFR 1.A.2.g vii) and off-road vehicles in commercial/institutional use (1.A.4.a ii) as well as agriculture and forestry (1.A.4.c ii) based upon annual shares derived from (Knörr et al. (2022b)) [(KNOERR2022b)]  (cf. superordinate chapter).
  
 __Table 2: Annual contribution of NFR 1.A.4.a ii to the over-all amounts of diesel oil provided in NEB line 67__ __Table 2: Annual contribution of NFR 1.A.4.a ii to the over-all amounts of diesel oil provided in NEB line 67__
-|  **1990**  |  **1995**  |  **2000**  |  **2005**  |  **2010**  |  **2011**  |  **2012**  |  **2013**  |  **2014**  |  **2015**  |  **2016**  |  **2017**  |  **2018**  | **2019**  | +^  1990   ^  1995   ^  2000   ^  2005   ^  2010   ^  2011   ^  2012   ^  2013   ^  2014   ^  2015   ^  2016   ^  2017   ^  2018   ^  2019   ^  2020   ^  2021  ^ 
-|      7,01% |      6,65% |      6,99% |      7,18% |      6,52% |      6,36% |      6,21% |      5,96% |      5,82% |      5,73% |      5,83% |      5,78% |      5,68% |     5,59% | +|  7.01%  |  6.65%  |  6.98%  |  7.17%  |  6.51%  |  6.35%  |  6.20%  |  5.95%  |  5.81%  |  5.73%  |  5.83%  |  5.77%  |  5.67%  |  5.59%  |  5.45%  |  5.59% | 
-source: (Knörr et al. (2019b)) [((bibcite 3))]+source: TREMOD MM [(KNOERR2021b)]
  
 As the NEB does not distinguish into specific biofuels, consumption data for biodiesel are calculated by applying Germany's official annual shares of biodiesel blended to fossil diesel oil.  As the NEB does not distinguish into specific biofuels, consumption data for biodiesel are calculated by applying Germany's official annual shares of biodiesel blended to fossil diesel oil. 
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 __Table 3: Annual fuel consumption, in terajoules__ __Table 3: Annual fuel consumption, in terajoules__
-|                   |  **1990**  |  **1995**  |  **2000**  |  **2005**  |  **2010**  |  **2011**  |  **2012**  |  **2013**  |  **2014**  |  **2015**  |  **2016**  |  **2017**  |  **2018**  |  **2019**  | +|                   ^  1990   ^  1995  ^  2000   ^  2005   ^  2010   ^  2011   ^  2012   ^  2013   ^  2014   ^  2015   ^  2016   ^  2017   ^  2018   ^  2019   ^  2020   ^  2021   ^ 
-^ Diesel Oil        |      7.847 |      6.508 |      6.646 |      5.894 |      5.773 |      5.770 |      5.533 |      5.524 |      5.629 |      5.810 |      6.145 |      6.257 |      5.749 |      5.726 | +^ Diesel Oil        |   7,840 |  6,501 |   6,638 |   5,887 |   5,765 |   5,763 |   5,526 |   5,518 |   5,622 |   5,803 |   6,137 |   6,250 |   5,742 |   5,730 |   5,745 |   5,730 | 
-^ Biodiesel         |       0.00 |       0.00 |       0.00 |        377 |        443 |        403 |        390 |        328 |        346 |        318 |        326 |        334 |        334 |        326 | +^ Biodiesel         |         |        |         |     376 |     442 |     402 |     390 |     327 |     345 |     317 |     325 |     334 |     334 |     326 |     477 |     326 | 
-^ LPG               |      2.787 |      3.450 |      4.261 |      4.533 |      4.629 |      4.557 |      4.484 |      4.409 |      4.333 |      4.256 |      4.336 |      4.301 |      4.264 |      4.213 | +^ LPG               |   2,787 |  3,450 |   4,261 |   4,533 |   4,629 |   4,557 |   4,484 |   4,409 |   4,333 |   4,256 |   4,336 |   4,301 |   4,264 |   4,213 |   4,139 |   4,213 | 
-| **Ʃ 1.A.4.a ii**  ^     10.634 ^      9.958 ^     10.907 ^     10.803 ^     10.844 ^     10.729 ^     10.407 ^     10.261 ^     10.307 ^     10.383 ^     10.807 ^     10.892 ^     10.347 ^     10.347 ^+| **Ʃ 1.A.4.a ii**  ^  10,627 ^  9,951 ^  10,899 ^  10,796 ^  10,836 ^  10,722 ^  10,400 ^  10,254 ^  10,300 ^  10,376 ^  10,799 ^  10,884 ^  10,339 ^  10,269 ^  10,361 ^  10,269 ^
  
 {{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:1a4aii_ad.png?700 }} {{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:1a4aii_ad.png?700 }}
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 The emission factors used here are of rather different quality: The emission factors used here are of rather different quality:
-Basically, for all **main pollutants**, **carbon monoxide** and **particulate matter**, annual IEF modelled within [(KNOERR2020b)] are used, representing the sector's vehicle-fleet composition, the development of mitigation technologies and the effect of fuel-quality legislation. +Basically, for all **main pollutants**, **carbon monoxide** and **particulate matter**, annual IEF modelled within TREMOD MM are used, representing the sector's vehicle-fleet composition, the development of mitigation technologies and the effect of fuel-quality legislation. 
  
 As no such specific EF are available for biofuels, the values used for diesel oil are applied to biodiesel, too. As no such specific EF are available for biofuels, the values used for diesel oil are applied to biodiesel, too.
  
 __Table 4: Annual country-specific emission factors from TREMOD MM, in kg/TJ__ __Table 4: Annual country-specific emission factors from TREMOD MM, in kg/TJ__
-|                               |  **1990**  |  **1995**  |  **2000**  |  **2005**  |  **2010**  |  **2011**  |  **2012**  |  **2013**  |  **2014**  |  **2015**  |  **2016**  |  **2017**  |  **2018**  | **2019**  | +|                               ^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2011  ^  2012  ^  2013  ^  2014  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  2021  ^ 
-| **Diesel fuels**<sup>1</sup>                                                                                                                                                              ||||||||||||||           | +| **Diesel fuels**<sup>1</sup>                                                                                                                                  ||||||||||||||||| 
-^ NH<sub>3</sub>                |       0,15 |       0,16 |       0,16 |       0,16 |       0,16 |       0,17 |       0,17 |       0,17 |       0,17 |       0,17 |       0,17 |       0,17 |       0,17 |      0,17 | +^ NH<sub>3</sub>                |   0.15 |   0.16 |   0.16 |   0.16 |   0.16 |   0.17 |   0.17 |   0.17 |   0.17 |   0.17 |   0.17 |   0.17 |   0.17 |   0.17 |   0.17 |   0.17 | 
-^ NMVOC                         |        247 |        223 |        197 |        139 |       93,0 |       85,7 |       78,6 |       71,4 |       64,6 |       58,6 |       53,8 |       50,0 |       46,9 |      44,3 | +^ NMVOC                         |    247 |    223 |    197 |    139 |   93.0 |   85.7 |   78.6 |   71.4 |   64.6 |   58.6 |   53.8 |   50.0 |   46.9 |   44.2 |   41.6 |   39.1 | 
-^ NO<sub>x</sub>                |      1.000 |      1.026 |      1.004 |        833 |        633 |        595 |        560 |        528 |        501 |        477 |        453 |        431 |        410 |       393 | +^ NO<sub>x</sub>                |    999 |  1.025 |  1.003 |    833 |    633 |    595 |    560 |    528 |    501 |    477 |    453 |    430 |    410 |    392 |    373 |    352 | 
-^ SO<sub>x</sub>                |       79,6 |       60,5 |       14,0 |       0,37 |       0,37 |       0,37 |       0,37 |       0,37 |       0,37 |       0,37 |       0,37 |       0,37 |       0,37 |      0,37 | +^ SO<sub>x</sub>                |   79.6 |   60.5 |   14.0 |   0.37 |   0.37 |   0.37 |   0.37 |   0.37 |   0.37 |   0.37 |   0.37 |   0.37 |   0.37 |   0.37 |   0.37 |   0.37 | 
-^ BC<sup>3</sup>                |        107 |       88,7 |       74,4 |       55,3 |       42,2 |       40,5 |       38,7 |       36,6 |       34,3 |       32,1 |       30,0 |       28,3 |       26,8 |      25,5 | +^ BC<sup>3</sup>                |    107 |   88.6 |   74.4 |   55.3 |   42.2 |   40.5 |   38.7 |   36.6 |   34.4 |   32.1 |   30.0 |   28.3 |   26.8 |   25.4 |   23.9 |   22.2 | 
-^ PM<sup>2</sup>                |        194 |        161 |        134 |       93,6 |       64,4 |       60,1 |       56,0 |       51,6 |       47,1 |       43,0 |       39,5 |       36,7 |       34,5 |      32,7 | +^ PM<sup>2</sup>                |    194 |    161 |    134 |   93.6 |   64.4 |   60.2 |   56.0 |   51.6 |   47.2 |   43.0 |   39.5 |   36.7 |   34.5 |   32.5 |   30.5 |   28.2 | 
-^ CO                            |        856 |        796 |        725 |        560 |        429 |        407 |        387 |        368 |        351 |        338 |        329 |        322 |        318 |       314 | +^ CO                            |    856 |    795 |    725 |    560 |    429 |    407 |    386 |    364 |    342 |    322 |    306 |    293 |    282 |    272 |    262 |    252 | 
-| **LPG**                                                                                                                                                                                   ||||||||||||||           | +| **LPG**                                                                                                                                                       ||||||||||||||||| 
-^ NH<sub>3</sub>                |       0,21 |       0,21 |       0,21 |       0,21 |       0,21 |       0,21 |       0,21 |       0,21 |       0,21 |       0,21 |       0,21 |       0,21 |       0,21 |      0,21 | +^ NH<sub>3</sub>                |   0.21 |   0.21 |   0.21 |   0.21 |   0.21 |   0.21 |   0.21 |   0.21 |   0.21 |   0.21 |   0.21 |   0.21 |   0.21 |   0.21 |   0.21 |   0.21 | 
-^ NMVOC                         |        148 |        147 |        145 |        145 |        145 |        145 |        145 |        145 |        145 |        145 |        145 |        145 |        145 |       145 | +^ NMVOC                         |    147 |    147 |    145 |    145 |    145 |    145 |    145 |    145 |    145 |    145 |    145 |    145 |    145 |    144 |    141 |    134 | 
-^ NO<sub>x</sub>                |      1.346 |      1.342 |      1.325 |      1.325 |      1.325 |      1.325 |      1.325 |      1.325 |      1.325 |      1.325 |      1.325 |      1.325 |      1.325 |     1.325 | +^ NO<sub>x</sub>                |  1,346 |  1,342 |  1,325 |  1,325 |  1,325 |  1,325 |  1,325 |  1,325 |  1,325 |  1,325 |  1,325 |  1,325 |  1,325 |  1,316 |  1,284 |  1,225 | 
-^ SO<sub>x</sub>                |       0,42 |       0,42 |       0,41 |       0,41 |       0,41 |       0,41 |       0,41 |       0,41 |       0,41 |       0,41 |       0,41 |       0,41 |       0,41 |      0,41 | +^ SO<sub>x</sub>                |   0.42 |   0.42 |   0.41 |   0.41 |   0.41 |   0.41 |   0.41 |   0.41 |   0.41 |   0.41 |   0.41 |   0.41 |   0.41 |   0.41 |   0.41 |   0.41 | 
-^ BC<sup>3</sup>                |       0,13 |       0,13 |       0,13 |       0,13 |       0,13 |       0,13 |       0,13 |       0,13 |       0,13 |       0,13 |       0,13 |       0,13 |       0,13 |      0,13 | +^ BC<sup>3</sup>                |   0.13 |   0.13 |   0.13 |   0.13 |   0.13 |   0.13 |   0.13 |   0.13 |   0.13 |   0.13 |   0.13 |   0.13 |   0.13 |   0.12 |   0.12 |   0.12 | 
-^ PM<sup>2</sup>                |       0,85 |       0,85 |       0,84 |       0,84 |       0,84 |       0,84 |       0,84 |       0,84 |       0,84 |       0,84 |       0,84 |       0,84 |       0,84 |      0,84 | +^ PM<sup>2</sup>                |   0.85 |   0.85 |   0.84 |   0.84 |   0.84 |   0.84 |   0.84 |   0.84 |   0.84 |   0.84 |   0.84 |   0.84 |   0.84 |   0.84 |   0.84 |   0.84 | 
-^ CO                            |        114 |        114 |        112 |        112 |        112 |        112 |        112 |        112 |        112 |        112 |        112 |        112 |        112 |       112 |+^ CO                            |    114 |    114 |    112 |    112 |    112 |    112 |    112 |    112 |    112 |    112 |    112 |    112 |    112 |    112 |    112 |    112 |
 <sup>1</sup> due to lack of better information: similar EF are applied for fossil and biofuels \\ <sup>1</sup> due to lack of better information: similar EF are applied for fossil and biofuels \\
 <sup>2</sup> EF(PM<sub>2.5</sub>) also applied for PM<sub>10</sub> and TSP (assumption: > 99% of TSP consists of PM<sub>2.5</sub>) \\ <sup>2</sup> EF(PM<sub>2.5</sub>) also applied for PM<sub>10</sub> and TSP (assumption: > 99% of TSP consists of PM<sub>2.5</sub>) \\
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 <WRAP center round info 100%> <WRAP center round info 100%>
-For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, please refer to Appendix 2.3 - Heavy Metal (HM) exhaust emissions from mobile sources and Appendix 2.4 - Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) exhaust emissions from mobile sources. - Here, for lead (Pb) from leaded gasoline and corresponding TSP emissions, additional emissions have been calculated from 1990 to 1997 based upon contry-specific emission factors from TREMOD [(KNOERR2020b)].+For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, please refer to Appendix 2.3 - Heavy Metal (HM) exhaust emissions from mobile sources and Appendix 2.4 - Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) exhaust emissions from mobile sources. - Here, for lead (Pb) from leaded gasoline and corresponding TSP emissions, additional emissions have been calculated from 1990 to 1997 based upon contry-specific emission factors from TREMOD MM.
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
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 ==== Unregulated pollutants ==== ==== Unregulated pollutants ====
  
-{{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:1a4aii_em_nh3.png?700 }} 
  
 For all unregulated pollutants, emission trends directly follow the trend in fuel consumption. For all unregulated pollutants, emission trends directly follow the trend in fuel consumption.
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 ==== Regulated pollutants ==== ==== Regulated pollutants ====
  
-===Nitrogen oxides and Sulphur dioxide==+===Nitrogen oxides and Sulphur dioxide===
  
 For all regulated pollutants, emission trends follow not only the trend in fuel consumption but also reflect the impact of fuel-quality and exhaust-emission legislation. For all regulated pollutants, emission trends follow not only the trend in fuel consumption but also reflect the impact of fuel-quality and exhaust-emission legislation.
 +Here, emissions of sulphur oxides follow the step-by-step reduction of sulphur contents in liquid fuels, resulting in a reduction of over 99% since 1990. 
  
 {{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:1a4aii_em_sox.png?700 }} {{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:1a4aii_em_sox.png?700 }}
  
 +===Ammonia===
 +
 +Ammonia emissions are driven by the consumption of LPG with its comparably high emission factor.
 +
 +{{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:1a4aii_em_nh3.png?700 }}
 +
 +===NMVOC===
 +
 +Emissions oif NMVOC are again driven by the consumption of LPG with its comparably high emission factor. Here, the ongoing downward trend results from the decrease in the emission factor applied for diesel fuels.
 +{{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:1a4aii_em_nmvoc.png?700 }}
 ====Particulate matter & Black carbon==== ====Particulate matter & Black carbon====
  
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 ===== Recalculations ===== ===== Recalculations =====
  
-**Activity data** hase been revised according to revised annual NEB line 67 shares and the finalized data from the National Energy Balance 2018. +**Activity data** have been revised according to the now finalized National Energy Balance 2020.
- +
-__Table 5: Revised annual contribution of 1.A.4.a ii to over-all diesel oil deliveries provided in NEB line 67__ +
-|                     |  **1990**  |  **1995**  |  **2000**  | **2005**  | **2010**  | **2011**  |  **2012**  |  **2013**  | **2014**  | **2015**  |  **2016**  |  **2017**  |  **2018**  | +
-^ Submission 2021     |      0,070 |      0,067 |      0,070 |     0,072 |     0,065 |     0,064 |      0,062 |      0,060 |     0,058 |     0,057 |      0,058 |      0,058 |      0,057 | +
-^ Submission 2020     |      0,069 |      0,066 |      0,066 |     0,071 |     0,070 |     0,070 |      0,069 |      0,068 |     0,068 |     0,068 |      0,068 |      0,068 |      0,068 | +
-^ absolute change     |      0,001 |      0,001 |      0,003 |     0,000 |    -0,005 |    -0,006 |     -0,007 |     -0,009 |    -0,010 |    -0,011 |     -0,010 |     -0,010 |     -0,011 | +
-^ relative change     |      0,94% |      1,48% |      5,23% |     0,54% |    -7,09% |    -8,62% |     -10,2% |     -13,0% |    -14,2% |    -15,6% |     -14,1% |     -14,8% |     -15,9% |+
  
-__Table 6: Revised activity data, in terajoules__ +__Table 5: Revised activity data 2019, in terajoules__ 
-|                                |  **1990**  |  **1995**  |  **2000**  | **2005**  | **2010**  | **2011**  |  **2012**  |  **2013**  | **2014**  | **2015**  |  **2016**  |  **2017**  |  **2018**  | +|                      |  **DIESEL OIL**  |  **BIODIESEL**  |  **LPG**  |  **OVER-ALL FUEL CONSUMPTION**  | 
-| **Diesel Oil**                                                                                                                                                                        |||||||||||||| +^ current submission   |  5.736           |  327            |  4.213    |  10.276                         | 
-^ Submission 2021                |      7.847 |      6.508 |      6.646 |     5.894 |     5.773 |     5.770 |      5.533 |      5.524 |     5.629 |     5.810 |      6.145 |      6.257 |      5.749 | +^ previous submission  |  5.726           |  326            |  4.213    |  10.266                         | 
-^ Submission 2020                |      7.774 |      6.413 |      6.316 |     5.851 |     6.213 |     6.314 |      6.158 |      6.348 |     6.562 |     6.885 |      7.153 |      7.343 |      6.816 | +^ absolute change      |  10,2            |  0,69           |  0,00     |  10,9                           | 
-^ absolute change                |       73,2 |       94,7 |        330 |      43,2 |      -440 |      -544 |       -625 |       -824 |      -933 |    -1.075 |     -1.008 |     -1.085 |     -1.067 | +^ relative change      |  0,18%           |  0,21%          |  0,00%    |  0,11%                          |
-^ relative change                |      0,94% |      1,48% |      5,23% |     0,74% |    -7,08% |    -8,61% |     -10,1% |     -13,0% |    -14,2% |    -15,6% |     -14,1% |     -14,8% |     -15,7% | +
-| **Biodiesel**                                                                                                                                                                         |||||||||||||| +
-^ Submission 2021                |       0.00 |       0.00 |       0.00 |       377 |       443 |       403 |        390 |        328 |       346 |       318 |        326 |        334 |        334 | +
-^ Submission 2020                |       0.00 |       0.00 |       0.00 |       128 |       403 |       414 |        402 |        368 |       398 |       372 |        376 |        389 |        372 | +
-^ absolute change                |            |            |            |       249 |      39,6 |     -11,3 |      -11,6 |      -40,0 |     -52,0 |     -54,4 |      -49,9 |      -55,4 |      -37,7 | +
-^ relative change                |            |            |            |      194% |     9,83% |    -2,72% |     -2,88% |     -10,9% |    -13,1% |    -14,6% |     -13,3% |     -14,2% |     -10,1% | +
-| **LPG**                                                                                                                                                                               |||||||||||||| +
-^ Submission 2021                |      2.787 |      3.450 |      4.261 |     4.533 |     4.629 |     4.557 |      4.484 |      4.409 |     4.333 |     4.256 |      4.336 |      4.301 |      4.264 | +
-^ Submission 2020                |      2.787 |      3.450 |      4.261 |     4.894 |     5.431 |     5.441 |      5.449 |      5.456 |     5.462 |     5.467 |      5.471 |      5.474 |      5.477 | +
-^ absolute change                |      0,000 |      0,000 |      0,006 |      -361 |      -802 |      -884 |       -966 |     -1.048 |    -1.130 |    -1.211 |     -1.135 |     -1.174 |     -1.214 | +
-^ relative change                |      0,00% |      0,00% |      0,00% |    -7,39% |    -14,8% |    -16,2% |     -17,7% |     -19,2% |    -20,7% |    -22,2% |     -20,7% |     -21,4% |     -22,2% | +
-| **over-all fuel consumption**                                                                                                                                                         |||||||||||||| +
-^ Submission 2021                |     10.634 |      9.958 |     10.907 |    10.803 |    10.844 |    10.729 |     10.407 |     10.261 |    10.307 |    10.383 |     10.807 |     10.892 |     10.347 | +
-^ Submission 2020                |     10.561 |      9.863 |     10.577 |    10.873 |    12.047 |    12.169 |     12.009 |     12.172 |    12.422 |    12.724 |     13.000 |     13.206 |     12.665 | +
-^ absolute change                |       73,2 |       94,7 |        330 |     -69,6 |    -1.203 |    -1.439 |     -1.602 |     -1.911 |    -2.115 |    -2.341 |     -2.193 |     -2.314 |     -2.319 | +
-^ relative change                |      0,69% |      0,96% |      3,12% |    -0,64% |    -9,98% |    -11,8% |     -13,3% |     -15,7% |    -17,0% |    -18,4% |     -16,9% |     -17,5% |     -18,3% |+
  
-<WRAP center round info 60%> +<WRAP center round info 65%> 
-For pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]].+For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2020**, please see the recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]].
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
Line 158: Line 145:
 The EF provided in [(EMEPEEA2019)] represent summatory values for (i) the fuel's and (ii) the lubricant's heavy-metal content as well as (iii) engine wear. Here, there might be no heavy metal contained in biofuels. But since the specific shares of (i), (ii) and (iii) cannot be separated, and since the contributions of lubricant and engine wear might be dominant, the same emission factors are applied to biodiesel and bioethanol. The EF provided in [(EMEPEEA2019)] represent summatory values for (i) the fuel's and (ii) the lubricant's heavy-metal content as well as (iii) engine wear. Here, there might be no heavy metal contained in biofuels. But since the specific shares of (i), (ii) and (iii) cannot be separated, and since the contributions of lubricant and engine wear might be dominant, the same emission factors are applied to biodiesel and bioethanol.
  
-[(AGEB2020>AGEB, 2020: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; URL: http://www.ag-energiebilanzen.de/7-0-Bilanzen-1990-2018.html, (Aufruf: 29.11.2020), Köln & Berlin, 2020)] +[(AGEB2022>AGEB, 2022: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; https://ag-energiebilanzen.de/daten-und-fakten/bilanzen-1990-bis-2020/?wpv-jahresbereich-bilanz=2011-2020, (Aufruf: 23.11.2022), Köln & Berlin, 2022)] 
-[(BAFA2020>BAFA, 2020: Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle, BAFA): Amtliche Mineralöldaten für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; +[(BAFA2022>BAFA, 2022: Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle, BAFA): Amtliche Mineralöldaten für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; 
-URL: https://www.bafa.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Energie/Mineraloel/moel_amtliche_daten_2018_dezember.html, Eschborn, 2020.)] +https://www.bafa.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Energie/Mineraloel/moel_amtliche_daten_2021_12.xlsx;jsessionid=80E1FD32B36918F682608C03FDE79257.1_cid381?__blob=publicationFile&v=5, Eschborn, 2022.)] 
-[(KNOERR2020b>Knörr et al. (2020b): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Aktualisierung des Modells TREMOD-Mobile Machinery (TREMOD MM) 2020, Heidelberg, 2020.)]+[(KNOERR2022b>Knörr et al. (2022b): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Aktualisierung des Modells TREMOD-Mobile Machinery (TREMOD MM) 2022, Heidelberg, 2022.)]
 [(EMEPEEA2019>EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2019, Copenhagen, 2019.)] [(EMEPEEA2019>EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2019, Copenhagen, 2019.)]
-[(RENTZ2008>Rentz et al., 2008: Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, FKZ 205 67 444, UBA Texte | 01/2008, January 2008 - URL: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/publikationen/nationaler-durchfuehrungsplan-unter-stockholmer )] 
 [(KNOERR2009>Knörr et al. (2009): Knörr, W., Heldstab, J., & Kasser, F.: Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland; final report; URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/461/publikationen/3937.pdf, FKZ 360 16 023, Heidelberg & Zürich, 2009.)] [(KNOERR2009>Knörr et al. (2009): Knörr, W., Heldstab, J., & Kasser, F.: Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland; final report; URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/461/publikationen/3937.pdf, FKZ 360 16 023, Heidelberg & Zürich, 2009.)]