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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:navigation:start [2023/03/09 11:32] – [Table] kotzullasector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:navigation:start [2023/06/07 11:31] (current) – [Impact of fuel-sulphur regulation on sulphur dioxide] kotzulla
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 ==== Activity Data ==== ==== Activity Data ====
  
-Primary fuel deliveries data for the entire navigation sector (maritime and inland waterways) is included in lines 6 ('International Maritime Bunkers') and 64 ('Coastal and Inland Navigation') of the National Energy Balance (NEB) (AGEB, 2021) [(AGEB2021)]. (For comparison, official mineral-oil data of the Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (BAFA, 2021) [(BAFA2021)] are used, too.)+Primary fuel deliveries data for the entire navigation sector (maritime and inland waterways) is included in lines 6 ('International Maritime Bunkers') and 64 ('Coastal and Inland Navigation') of the National Energy Balance (NEB) (AGEB, 2022) [(AGEB2022)]. (For comparison, official mineral-oil data of the Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (BAFA, 2022) [(BAFA2022)] are applied, too.)
  
 Data on the consumption of //biodiesel// is provided in NEB line 64 from 2004 onward. However, as this data appears to be rather inconsistent, the consumption of biofuels is calculated within TREMOD via the official annual blending rates. Data on the consumption of //biodiesel// is provided in NEB line 64 from 2004 onward. However, as this data appears to be rather inconsistent, the consumption of biofuels is calculated within TREMOD via the official annual blending rates.
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 ^ Diesel oil                                                                         |    27,710 |    23,562 |    11,864 |    12,831 |    11,182 |    12,050 |    11,322 |    11,635 |    12,112 |    13,321 |    11,131 |   10,150 |   10,619 |  11,259 |  10,076 | 10,481  | ^ Diesel oil                                                                         |    27,710 |    23,562 |    11,864 |    12,831 |    11,182 |    12,050 |    11,322 |    11,635 |    12,112 |    13,321 |    11,131 |   10,150 |   10,619 |  11,259 |  10,076 | 10,481  |
 | **TOTAL**                                                                          ^  131,276  ^  108,370  ^  102,984  ^  116,837  ^  126,728  ^  125,745  ^  117,534  ^  107,722  ^  106,739  ^  114,597  ^  128,581  ^  105,81  ^  81,595  ^  68,432 ^  65,487 ^ 69,216  ^ | **TOTAL**                                                                          ^  131,276  ^  108,370  ^  102,984  ^  116,837  ^  126,728  ^  125,745  ^  117,534  ^  107,722  ^  106,739  ^  114,597  ^  128,581  ^  105,81  ^  81,595  ^  68,432 ^  65,487 ^ 69,216  ^
-source: National Energy Balances [(AGEB2021)]+source: National Energy Balances [(AGEB2022)]
  
 As the statistical allocation of fuels delivered to the navigation (shipping) sector follows tax aspects, NEB line 6 ('International Maritime Bunkers') includes all fuel deliveries to IMO-registered ship involved in both national and international maritime activities. On the other hand, NEB line 64 ('Coastal and Inland Navigation') includes all fuel deliveries to ship involved in inland and non-IMO maritime navigation. As the statistical allocation of fuels delivered to the navigation (shipping) sector follows tax aspects, NEB line 6 ('International Maritime Bunkers') includes all fuel deliveries to IMO-registered ship involved in both national and international maritime activities. On the other hand, NEB line 64 ('Coastal and Inland Navigation') includes all fuel deliveries to ship involved in inland and non-IMO maritime navigation.
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 __Table 3: Resulting breakdown of primary fuel deliveries onto the different navigation sub-sectors, in terajoules__ __Table 3: Resulting breakdown of primary fuel deliveries onto the different navigation sub-sectors, in terajoules__
 |                                                    ^  1990     ^  1995    ^  2000     ^  2005     ^  2010     ^  2011     ^  2012     ^  2013     ^  2014     ^  2015    ^  2016     ^  2017    ^  2018    ^  2019    ^  2020   ^  2021   ^ |                                                    ^  1990     ^  1995    ^  2000     ^  2005     ^  2010     ^  2011     ^  2012     ^  2013     ^  2014     ^  2015    ^  2016     ^  2017    ^  2018    ^  2019    ^  2020   ^  2021   ^
-|  **Navigation TOTAL**                              ^  131,276  ^  108,370 ^  102,984  ^  116,837  ^  126,728  ^  125,745  ^  117,534  ^  107,722  ^  106,739  ^  114,597 ^  128,581  ^  105,81  ^  81,595  ^  68,432  ^  65,487 ^  69,216 ^+|  **TOTAL**                                         ^  131,276  ^  108,370 ^  102,984  ^  116,837  ^  126,728  ^  125,745  ^  117,534  ^  107,722  ^  106,739  ^  114,597 ^  128,581  ^  105,81  ^  81,595  ^  68,432  ^  65,487 ^  69,216 ^
 |                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ||||||||||||||||| |                                                                                                                                                                                                                           |||||||||||||||||
 | **1.A.3.d i - International maritime navigation**                                                                                                                                                                         ||||||||||||||||| | **1.A.3.d i - International maritime navigation**                                                                                                                                                                         |||||||||||||||||
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 ==== Emission factors ==== ==== Emission factors ====
  
-Annual country-specific emission factors have been developed within the underlying models maintained at the ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Knörr et al. (2021a): TREMOD) [(KNOERR2021a)] and the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (Deichnik (2021): BSH model) [(DEICHNIK2021)].+Annual country-specific emission factors have been developed within the underlying models maintained at the ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Knörr et al. (2022a): TREMOD) [(KNOERR2022a)] and the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (Deichnik (2022): BSH model) [(DEICHNIK2022)].
  
 For information on these country-specific emission factors, please refer to the sub-chapters linked above. For information on these country-specific emission factors, please refer to the sub-chapters linked above.
  
-Furthermore, for heavy metal and POP emissions tier1 EF have been derived from the EMEP/EEA Guidebook 2019 mainly [(EMEPEEA2019)].+===== Impact of fuel-sulphur regulation on sulphur dioxide ===== 
 + 
 +__Table 4: Development of fuel-sulfur limits for maritime fuels in SECAs, in [% m/m]__ 
 +| mid-2006 to mid-2010     |  1.50  |                     | 
 +| mid-2010 to 2015         |  1.00  |  LSFO<sup>2</sup>   | 
 +| as of 2015               |  0.10  |  ULSFO<sup>3</sup>  | 
 +<sup>1</sup>: SECA = Sulphur Emission Control Area [(Wikipedia2023)], [(IMO2014)]  
 +<sup>2</sup>: Low sulphur Fuel Oil  
 +<sup>3</sup>: Ultra low sulphur Fuel Oil 
 + 
 +These fuel-sulfur limits listed are used for the derivation of emission factors especially for heavy fuel oil used in the German inventory. 
 +Here, until 2006, a global average of 2.70 % m/m is applied. 
 + 
 +__Table 5: Development of global fuel-sulfur limits for maritime fuels, in [% m/m]__ 
 +| until 2012    |  4.50  | 
 +| 2012 to 2020  |  3.50  | 
 +| as of 2020    |  0.50  | 
 + 
 +===== Heavy metals and POPs ===== 
 + 
 +For heavy metal and POP emissions, tier1 EF have been derived from the EMEP/EEA Guidebook 2019 mainly [(EMEPEEA2019)].
  
 <WRAP center round info 100%> <WRAP center round info 100%>
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 Here, as the guidebook does not provide source-specific values for **PAHs**, respective values provided for diesel in railways and heavy duty road vehicles have been applied as a gap-filling proxy. Here, as the guidebook does not provide source-specific values for **PAHs**, respective values provided for diesel in railways and heavy duty road vehicles have been applied as a gap-filling proxy.
  
-__Table 4: Tier1 emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions__+__Table 6: Tier1 emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions__
 |                 |  **Pb**            |  **Cd**             |  **Hg**             |  **As**            |  **Cr**            |  **Cu**            |  **Ni**            |  **Se**            |  **Zn**            |  **B[a]P**        |  **B[b]F**          |  **B[k]F**        |  **I[...]p**      |  **PAH 1-4**        |  **PCBs**           |  **HCB**           |  **PCDD/F**        | |                 |  **Pb**            |  **Cd**             |  **Hg**             |  **As**            |  **Cr**            |  **Cu**            |  **Ni**            |  **Se**            |  **Zn**            |  **B[a]P**        |  **B[b]F**          |  **B[k]F**        |  **I[...]p**      |  **PAH 1-4**        |  **PCBs**           |  **HCB**           |  **PCDD/F**        |
 |                 |  [g/TJ]                                                                                                                                                                              |||||||||  [mg/TJ]                                                                                          |||||                                                             ||| |                 |  [g/TJ]                                                                                                                                                                              |||||||||  [mg/TJ]                                                                                          |||||                                                             |||
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 <sup>7</sup> tier1 value derived from [(RENTZ2008)] <sup>7</sup> tier1 value derived from [(RENTZ2008)]
  
-[(AGEB2021> AGEB, 2021: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; URL: http://www.ag-energiebilanzen.de/7-0-Bilanzen-1990-2019.html, (Aufruf: 29.11.2021), Köln & Berlin, 2021)] + 
-[(BAFA2021> BAFA, 2020: Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle, BAFA): Amtliche Mineralöldaten für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; +[(AGEB2022> AGEB, 2022: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; URL: http://www.ag-energiebilanzen.de/7-0-Bilanzen-1990-2019.html, (Aufruf: 23.11.2021), Köln & Berlin, 2022)] 
-URL: https://www.bafa.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Energie/Mineraloel/moel_amtliche_daten_2019_dezember.html, Eschborn, 2021.)] +[(BAFA2022> BAFA, 2022: Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle, BAFA): Amtliche Mineralöldaten für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; 
-[(KNOERR2021a> Knörr et al. (2021a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: Energieverbrauch und Schadstoffemissionen des motorisierten Verkehrs in Deutschland 1960-2035, sowie TREMOD, im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, Heidelberg & Berlin, 2021.)] +URL: https://www.bafa.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Energie/Mineraloel/moel_amtliche_daten_2018_dezember.html, Eschborn, 2022.)] 
-[(DEICHNIK2021> Deichnik (2021): Aktualisierung und Revision des Modells zur Berechnung der spezifischen Verbräuche und Emissionen des von Deutschland ausgehenden Seeverkehrs. from Bundesamts für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie (BSH - Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency); Hamburg, 2021.)]+[(KNOERR2022a> Knörr et al. (2021a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: Energieverbrauch und Schadstoffemissionen des motorisierten Verkehrs in Deutschland 1960-2035, sowie TREMOD, im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, Heidelberg & Berlin, 2022.)] 
 +[(DEICHNIK2022> Deichnik (2021): Aktualisierung und Revision des Modells zur Berechnung der spezifischen Verbräuche und Emissionen des von Deutschland ausgehenden Seeverkehrs. from Bundesamts für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie (BSH - Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency); Hamburg, 2022.)] 
 +[(EMEPEEA2019> EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2019, Copenhagen, 2019.)] 
 +[(KNOERR2009>Knörr et al. (2009): Knörr, W., Heldstab, J., & Kasser, F.: Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland; final report; URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/461/publikationen/3937.pdf, FKZ 360 16 023, Heidelberg & Zürich, 2009.)]
 [(EMEPEEA2019>EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2019, Copenhagen, 2019.)] [(EMEPEEA2019>EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2019, Copenhagen, 2019.)]
 [(RENTZ2008>Rentz et al., 2008: Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, FKZ 205 67 444, UBA Texte | 01/2008, January 2008 - URL: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/publikationen/nationaler-durchfuehrungsplan-unter-stockholmer )] [(RENTZ2008>Rentz et al., 2008: Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, FKZ 205 67 444, UBA Texte | 01/2008, January 2008 - URL: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/publikationen/nationaler-durchfuehrungsplan-unter-stockholmer )]
-[(KNOERR2009>Knörr et al. (2009): Knörr, W., Heldstab, J., & Kasser, F.: Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland; final report; URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/461/publikationen/3937.pdf, FKZ 360 16 023, Heidelberg & Zürich, 2009.)]+[(Wikipedia2023> Wikipedia, 2023: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emission_control_area )] 
 +[(IMO2014> IMO, 2014: https://arquivo.pt/wayback/20141223211746/http:/www.imo.org/OurWork/Environment/PollutionPrevention/AirPollution/Pages/Sulphur-oxides-(SOx)-%e2%80%93-Regulation-14.aspx )]