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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:start [2023/02/27 07:39] – [Table] kotzullasector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:start [2024/02/27 12:12] (current) – [Table] kotzulla
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 | 1.A.3.c        |  T1, T2                                                                           |||||  NS, M                                        |||||  CS, D, M                               ||||| | 1.A.3.c        |  T1, T2                                                                           |||||  NS, M                                        |||||  CS, D, M                               |||||
 ^                ^  NO<sub>x</sub>  ^  NMVOC  ^  SO<sub>2</sub>  ^  NH<sub>3</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  TSP  ^  BC   ^  CO   ^  PB   ^  Cd        ^  Hg   ^  Diox  ^  PAH  ^  HCB  ^ ^                ^  NO<sub>x</sub>  ^  NMVOC  ^  SO<sub>2</sub>  ^  NH<sub>3</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  TSP  ^  BC   ^  CO   ^  PB   ^  Cd        ^  Hg   ^  Diox  ^  PAH  ^  HCB  ^
-| Key Category:  |  -/T             |  -/-    |  -/-             |  -/-             |  L/-               |  L/-              |  L/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-       |  -/-  |  -/-   |  -/-  |  -/-  |+| Key Category:  |  -/-             |  -/-    |  -/-             |  -/-             |  L/-               |  L/-              |  L/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-       |  -/-  |  -/-   |  -/-  |  -/-  |
  
 {{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}}  {{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}} 
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 === Activity Data === === Activity Data ===
  
-Basically, total inland deliveries of //diesel oil// are available from the National Energy Balances (NEBs) (AGEB, 2021) [(AGEB2021)]. This data is based upon sales data of the Association of the German Petroleum Industry (MWV) [(MWV2021)]. As a recent revision of MWV data on diesel oil sales for the years 2005 to 2009 has not yet been adopted to the respective NEBs, this original MWV data has been used for this five years. +Basically, total inland deliveries of //diesel oil// are available from the National Energy Balances (NEBs) (AGEB, 2022) [(AGEB2022)]. This data is based upon sales data of the Association of the German Petroleum Industry (MWV) [(MWV2021)]. As a recent revision of MWV data on diesel oil sales for the years 2005 to 2009 has not yet been adopted to the respective NEBs, this original MWV data has been used for this five years. 
  
 Data on the consumption of biodiesel in railways is provided in the NEBs as well, from 2004 onward. But as the NEBs do not provide a solid time series regarding most recent years, the data used for the inventory is estimated based on the prescribed shares of biodiesel to be added to diesel oil.  Data on the consumption of biodiesel in railways is provided in the NEBs as well, from 2004 onward. But as the NEBs do not provide a solid time series regarding most recent years, the data used for the inventory is estimated based on the prescribed shares of biodiesel to be added to diesel oil. 
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 __Table 3: Annual transport performance, in Mio tkm (ton-kilometers)__ __Table 3: Annual transport performance, in Mio tkm (ton-kilometers)__
-|                        ^  1990    ^  1995    ^  2000    ^  2005    ^  2010    ^  2011    ^  2012    ^  2013    ^  2014    ^  2015    ^  2016    ^  2017    ^  2018    ^  2019    ^  2020    ^  2021    ^ +|               ^  1990    ^  1995    ^  2000    ^  2005    ^  2010    ^  2011    ^  2012    ^  2013    ^  2014    ^  2015    ^  2016    ^  2017    ^  2018    ^  2019    ^  2020    ^  2021    ^ 
-| **Diesel Traction**    |   98,812 |   58,805 |   37,237 |   26,540 |   26,702 |   27,403 |   26,791 |   23,768 |   23,734 |   21,397 |   21,484 |   21,484 |   21,365 |   19,580 |   18,058 |   16,917 | +| **Diesel**    |   98,812 |   58,805 |   37,237 |   26,540 |   26,702 |   27,403 |   26,791 |   23,768 |   23,734 |   21,397 |   21,484 |   21,484 |   21,365 |   19,580 |   18,058 |   16,917 | 
-| **Electric Traction**  |  361,515 |  337,853 |  361,633 |  356,605 |  344,546 |  342,701 |  350,085 |  335,298 |  331,235 |  323,387 |  295,798 |  295,798 |  296,280 |  288,336 |  281,130 |  262,268 | +| **Electric**  |  361,515 |  337,853 |  361,633 |  356,605 |  344,546 |  342,701 |  350,085 |  335,298 |  331,235 |  323,387 |  295,798 |  295,798 |  296,280 |  288,336 |  281,130 |  262,268 | 
-^ Ʃ 1.A.3.c              ^  460.326 ^  396.658 ^  398.870 ^  383.145 ^  371.248 ^  370.104 ^  376.876 ^  359.065 ^  354.970 ^  344.785 ^  317.282 ^  317.282 ^  317.645 ^  307.916 ^  299.188 ^  279.184 ^+^ Ʃ 1.A.3.c     ^  460.326 ^  396.658 ^  398.870 ^  383.145 ^  371.248 ^  370.104 ^  376.876 ^  359.065 ^  354.970 ^  344.785 ^  317.282 ^  317.282 ^  317.645 ^  307.916 ^  299.188 ^  279.184 ^
  
 {{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:1a3c_ad_liquid.png?700 |Annual energy input from liquid fuels }} {{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:1a3c_ad_liquid.png?700 |Annual energy input from liquid fuels }}
 {{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:1a3c_ad_solid.png?700 |Annual energy input from solid fuels }} {{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:1a3c_ad_solid.png?700 |Annual energy input from solid fuels }}
  
-Regarding particulate-matter and heavy-metal emissions from **abrasion and wear of contact line, braking systems, tyres on rails**, annual transport performances of railway vehicles with electrical and Diesel traction derived from Knörr et al. (2021a) [(KNOERR2021a)] are applied as activity data. +Regarding particulate-matter and heavy-metal emissions from **abrasion and wear of contact line, braking systems, tyres on rails**, annual transport performances of railway vehicles with electrical and Diesel traction derived from Knörr et al. (2022a) [(KNOERR2022a)] are applied as activity data. 
  
 ==== Emission factors ==== ==== Emission factors ====
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 __Table 6: Outcome of Key Category Analysis__ __Table 6: Outcome of Key Category Analysis__
-|  for: ^  NO<sub>x</sub>  ^  TSP    ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^ +|  for: ^  TSP    ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^ 
-|   by: |  Trend           |  Level  |  L/-              |  L/-               |+|   by: |  Level  |  L/-              |  L/-               |
  
 Basically, for all unregulated pollutants, emission trends directly follow the trend in over-all fuel consumption. Basically, for all unregulated pollutants, emission trends directly follow the trend in over-all fuel consumption.
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 ^ relative change      |  6.28%       |  6.27%      |  0.00%        |  6.11%   | ^ relative change      |  6.28%       |  6.27%      |  0.00%        |  6.11%   |
  
-Due to the routine revision of the TREMOD model [(KNOERR2021a)], tier2 **emission factors** changed for recent years.  +Due to the routine revision of the TREMOD model [(KNOERR2022a)], tier2 **emission factors** changed for recent years. 
-Here, the revision results mainly from the consideration of revised NCvs for diesel oil as provided by the AGEB.+
  
 __Table 6: Revised country-specific emission factors for diesel fuels, in kg/TJ__ __Table 6: Revised country-specific emission factors for diesel fuels, in kg/TJ__
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 ^ relative change                                                         |  0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |  0.00% |  0.00% |   0.00% |   0.52% |   0.79% |   1.23% |   1.43% |   1.17% |   2.75% |   3.22% |   3.49% | ^ relative change                                                         |  0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |  0.00% |  0.00% |   0.00% |   0.52% |   0.79% |   1.23% |   1.43% |   1.17% |   2.75% |   3.22% |   3.49% |
  
-Furthermore, the use of wood in historic steam locomotives has been taken into account and resulting **emissions of HCB and PCBs are reported for the  first time**. 
  
 +Furthermore, the transport performance data as activity data for the estimation of abrasive emissions from current line, wheels and brakes have been revised for more recent years:
 +
 +__Table 7: Revised transport performance data, in [Mio km]__
 +|                      ^  2015     ^  2016     ^  2017     ^  2018     ^  2019     ^  2020     ^
 +^ current submission   |  344.785  |  317.282  |  317.282  |  317.645  |  307.916  |  299.188  |
 +^ previous submission  |  344.785  |  317.282  |  317.645  |  307.916  |  299.188  |  279.184  |
 +^ absolute change      |  0,00     |  0,00     |  -363     |  9.729    |  8.728    |  20.003   |
 +^ relative change      |  0,00%    |  0,00%    |  -0,11%   |  3,16%    |  2,92%    |  7,16%    |
 +
 +Abrasive particulate matter and heavy metal emissions were revised accordingly. 
  
 <WRAP center round info 65%> <WRAP center round info 65%>
-For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019**, please see the recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]].+For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2020**, please see the recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]].
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
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 The EF provided in the 2019 EMEP/EEA Guidebook [(EMEPEEA2019)] represent summatory values for (i) the fuel's and (ii) the lubricant's heavy-metal content as well as (iii) engine wear. Here, there might be no heavy metals contained in the biofuels. But since the specific shares of (i), (ii) and (iii) cannot be separated, and since the contributions of lubricant and engine wear might be dominant, the same emission factors are applied to biodiesel. The EF provided in the 2019 EMEP/EEA Guidebook [(EMEPEEA2019)] represent summatory values for (i) the fuel's and (ii) the lubricant's heavy-metal content as well as (iii) engine wear. Here, there might be no heavy metals contained in the biofuels. But since the specific shares of (i), (ii) and (iii) cannot be separated, and since the contributions of lubricant and engine wear might be dominant, the same emission factors are applied to biodiesel.
  
-[(AGEB2021> AGEB (2021): Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; URL: https://ag-energiebilanzen.de/7-0-Bilanzen-1990-2019.html, Köln & Berlin, 2021.)]+[(KNOERR2022a> Knörr et al. (2021a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: Energieverbrauch und Schadstoffemissionen des motorisierten Verkehrs in Deutschland 1960-2035, sowie TREMOD, im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, Heidelberg [u.a.]: Ifeu Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH, Heidelberg & Berlin, 2022. )] 
 +[(AGEB2022>AGEB, 2022: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; https://ag-energiebilanzen.de/daten-und-fakten/bilanzen-1990-bis-2020/?wpv-jahresbereich-bilanz=2011-2020, (Aufruf: 23.11.2022), Köln & Berlin, 2022)] 
 +[(BAFA2022>BAFA, 2022: Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle, BAFA): Amtliche Mineralöldaten für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; 
 +https://www.bafa.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Energie/Mineraloel/moel_amtliche_daten_2021_12.xlsx;jsessionid=80E1FD32B36918F682608C03FDE79257.1_cid381?__blob=publicationFile&v=5, Eschborn, 2022.)]
 [(MWV2021> MWV (2021): Association of the German Petroleum Industry (Mineralölwirtschaftsverband, MWV): Annual Report 2018, page 65, Table 'Sektoraler Verbrauch von Dieselkraftstoff 2012-2019'; URL: https://www.mwv.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/MWV_Mineraloelwirtschaftsverband-e.V.-Jahresbericht-2020-Webversion.pdf, Berlin, 2021.)] [(MWV2021> MWV (2021): Association of the German Petroleum Industry (Mineralölwirtschaftsverband, MWV): Annual Report 2018, page 65, Table 'Sektoraler Verbrauch von Dieselkraftstoff 2012-2019'; URL: https://www.mwv.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/MWV_Mineraloelwirtschaftsverband-e.V.-Jahresbericht-2020-Webversion.pdf, Berlin, 2021.)]
 [(HEDEL2012> Hedel, R., & Kunze, J. (2012): Recherche des jährlichen Kohleeinsatzes in historischen Schienenfahrzeugen seit 1990. Probst & Consorten Marketing-Beratung. Dresden, 2012.)] [(HEDEL2012> Hedel, R., & Kunze, J. (2012): Recherche des jährlichen Kohleeinsatzes in historischen Schienenfahrzeugen seit 1990. Probst & Consorten Marketing-Beratung. Dresden, 2012.)]
 [(ILLICHMANN2016>  Illichmann, S. (2016): Recherche des Festbrennstoffeinsatzes historischer Schienenfahrzeuge in Deutschland 2015, Probst & Consorten Marketing-Beratung. Study carried out for UBA; FKZ 363 01 392; not yet published; Dresden, 2016.)] [(ILLICHMANN2016>  Illichmann, S. (2016): Recherche des Festbrennstoffeinsatzes historischer Schienenfahrzeuge in Deutschland 2015, Probst & Consorten Marketing-Beratung. Study carried out for UBA; FKZ 363 01 392; not yet published; Dresden, 2016.)]
 [(HASENBALG2021>  Hasenbalg (2021): Recherche des Festbrennstoffeinsatzes historischer Schienenfahrzeuge in Deutschland 2019 & 2020, Probst & Consorten Marketing-Beratung. Study carried out for UBA; FKZ 363 01 392; not yet published; Dresden, 2021.)] [(HASENBALG2021>  Hasenbalg (2021): Recherche des Festbrennstoffeinsatzes historischer Schienenfahrzeuge in Deutschland 2019 & 2020, Probst & Consorten Marketing-Beratung. Study carried out for UBA; FKZ 363 01 392; not yet published; Dresden, 2021.)]
-[(KNOERR2021a> Knörr et al. (2021a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: Energieverbrauch und Schadstoffemissionen des motorisierten Verkehrs in Deutschland 1960-2035, sowie TREMOD, im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, Heidelberg & Berlin, 2021. )] 
 [(EMEPEEA2019> EMEP/EEA (2019): EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/1-energy/1-a-combustion/1-a-3-c-railways/view; Copenhagen, 2019.)] [(EMEPEEA2019> EMEP/EEA (2019): EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/1-energy/1-a-combustion/1-a-3-c-railways/view; Copenhagen, 2019.)]
 [(RENTZ2008> Rentz et al. (2008): Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, FKZ 205 67 444, UBA Texte | 01/2008, January 2008 - URL: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/publikationen/nationaler-durchfuehrungsplan-unter-stockholmer )] [(RENTZ2008> Rentz et al. (2008): Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, FKZ 205 67 444, UBA Texte | 01/2008, January 2008 - URL: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/publikationen/nationaler-durchfuehrungsplan-unter-stockholmer )]
 [(KNOERR2009> Knörr et al. (2009): Knörr, W., Heldstab, J., & Kasser, F.: Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland; final report; URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/461/publikationen/3937.pdf, FKZ 360 16 023, Heidelberg & Zürich, 2009.)] [(KNOERR2009> Knörr et al. (2009): Knörr, W., Heldstab, J., & Kasser, F.: Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland; final report; URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/461/publikationen/3937.pdf, FKZ 360 16 023, Heidelberg & Zürich, 2009.)]