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1.A.3.b vi - Road Transport: Automobile Tyre and Brake Wear

Short description

In sub-categories 1.A.3.b vi - Road transport: Automobile tyre and brake wear emissions from automobile tyre and brake wear in RT are reported. Therefore, these sub-category is an important source for a) particle emissions and b) emissions of heavy metals, POPs etc. included in these particles.

Category Code Method AD EF
1.A.3.b vi T1, T3 NS, M CS
NOx NMVOC SO2 NH3 PM2.5 PM10 TSP BC CO Pb Cd Hg Diox PAH HCB
Key Category: - - - - L/- L/- L/- L/- - L/- -/- - - -/- -

Methodology

Activity data

Abrasive emissions from tyre and brake wear are estimated based on vehicle-type specific mileage data.

For detailed mileage data, please see superordinate chapter on abrasive emissions from road vehicles.

Emission factors

Table 1: Emission factors applied

Tyre Wear Brake Wear
PCs LDVs HDVs Buses Mopeds Motorcycles PCs LDVs HDVs Buses Mopeds Motorcycles
BC [mg/km] 1,07 1,69 4,50 4,50 0,55 0,55 0,75 1,17 3,27 3,27 0,44 0,44
PM2.5 4,49 7,10 18,9 18,9 1,93 1,93 2,93 4,56 12,7 12,7 1,44 1,44
PM10 6,40 10,1 27,0 24,3 2,80 2,80 7,35 11,5 32,0 28,8 3,63 3,63
TSP 10,7 16,9 45,0 45,0 4,60 4,60 7,50 11,7 32,7 32,7 3,70 3,7
Pb [µg/km] 1,88 2,97 4,26 3,10 0,81 0,81 45,5 71,0 199 199 22,5 22,5
Hg 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cd 0,05 0,08 0,11 0,08 0,02 0,02 0,17 0,26 0,73 0,73 0,08 0,08
As 0,04 0,06 0,09 0,07 0,02 0,02 0,51 0,79 2,21 2,21 0,25 0,25
Cr 0,26 0,40 0,58 0,42 0,11 0,11 17,3 27,0 75,7 75,7 8,55 8,55
Cu 1,86 2,94 4,21 3,06 0,80 0,80 383 598 1674 1674 189 189
Ni 0,32 0,51 0,72 0,53 0,14 0,14 2,45 3,83 10,71 10,71 1,21 1,21
Se 0,21 0,34 0,48 0,35 0,09 0,09 0,15 0,23 0,66 0,66 0,07 0,07
Zn 79,5 126 180 131 34,2 34,2 65,1 102 284 284 32,1 32,1
B[a]P 0,032 0,049 0,134 0,120 0,013 0,013 NA NA NA NA NA NA
B[b]F 0,038 0,063 0,161 0,144 0,019 0,019 NA NA NA NA NA NA
B[k]F 0 0 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA
I[..]P 0,019 0,028 0,082 0,072 0,006 0,006 NA NA NA NA NA NA
∑ PAHs 1-4 0,090 0,140 0,379 0,336 0,038 0,038 NA NA NA NA NA NA

(emissions from wear/abrasion only; no fuel combustion included)

Table 2: Outcome of Key Category Analysis

for: BC Pb TSP PM10 PM2.5
by: Level L/- L/- Level & Trend L/-

All reported emissons from tyre and brake wear are connected directly to the mileage driven by the road vehicles covered.

Annual PM2.5 emissions

Whereas annual copper emissions result almost entirely from the wear of (disc) brakes…

Annual copper emissions

…zinc emissions result from both tyre and brake wear with high amounts of zinc used in tyre rubber and drum brakes applied in trucks (heayv loads) and buses (stop-and-go).

Annual zinc emissions

Recalculations

Compared to last year's submission, emission estimates have been revised due to updated mileage data (see super-ordinate chapter). Differences in the relative changes provided for the specific pollutants result from the different emission factors applied for the different vehicle types.

Table : Revised emission estimates for particulate matter, copper and zinc, in [kt]

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Black Carbon (BC) - from tyre wear only
current submission 1.27 1.47 1.62 1.65 1.69 1.73 1.72 1.75 1.78 1.81 1.84 1.87 1.88 1.89 1.68
previous submission 1.27 1.47 1.62 1.65 1.70 1.73 1.73 1.74 1.78 1.80 1.83 1.85 1.86 1.88 1.69
absolute change 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 -0.01
relative change 0.00% -0.13% -0.09% -0.03% -0.48% -0.43% -0.32% 0.39% 0.15% 0.25% 0.73% 0.78% 1.06% 0.43% -0.43%
PM2.5
current submission 5.16 6.00 6.59 6.70 6.89 7.02 7.02 7.13 7.24 7.36 7.50 7.59 7.66 7.68 6.84
previous submission 5.16 6.00 6.60 6.70 6.93 7.05 7.04 7.10 7.23 7.34 7.45 7.53 7.58 7.65 6.87
absolute change 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 -0.03 -0.03 -0.02 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.03 -0.03
relative change 0.00% -0.13% -0.09% -0.03% -0.48% -0.43% -0.32% 0.39% 0.15% 0.25% 0.73% 0.78% 1.06% 0.43% -0.43%
PM10
current submission 9.56 11.11 12.21 12.42 12.78 13.01 13.01 13.21 13.41 13.64 13.90 14.07 14.20 14.24 12.68
previous submission 9.56 11.12 12.22 12.42 12.84 13.07 13.05 13.16 13.40 13.60 13.80 13.96 14.05 14.17 12.73
absolute change 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 -0.06 -0.06 -0.04 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.10 0.11 0.15 0.06 -0.05
relative change 0.00% -0.13% -0.09% -0.03% -0.48% -0.43% -0.32% 0.39% 0.14% 0.24% 0.70% 0.79% 1.07% 0.43% -0.40%
Total Suspended Particles (TSP)
current submission 12.67 14.71 16.17 16.45 16.91 17.23 17.23 17.49 17.76 18.06 18.40 18.63 18.79 18.85 16.78
previous submission 12.67 14.73 16.18 16.45 17.00 17.30 17.28 17.42 17.74 18.01 18.27 18.49 18.60 18.77 16.85
absolute change 0.00 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 -0.08 -0.07 -0.05 0.07 0.03 0.05 0.13 0.15 0.20 0.08 -0.07
relative change 0.00% -0.13% -0.09% -0.03% -0.48% -0.43% -0.32% 0.39% 0.15% 0.25% 0.73% 0.78% 1.06% 0.43% -0.43%
Copper (Cu)
current submission 0.27 0.31 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.38 0.38 0.39 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.36
previous submission 0.27 0.31 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.38 0.38 0.39 0.39 0.40 0.40 0.36
absolute change 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
relative change 0.00% -0.14% -0.09% -0.03% -0.48% -0.44% -0.32% 0.40% 0.16% 0.26% 0.74% 0.80% 1.08% 0.44% -0.42%
Zinc (Zn)
current submission 0.09 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.12
previous submission 0.09 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.12
absolute change 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
relative change 0.00% -0.11% -0.07% -0.02% -0.39% -0.35% -0.26% 0.31% 0.11% 0.19% 0.56% 0.64% 0.86% 0.35% -0.49%

For pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2020, please see the recalculation tables following chapter 8.1 - Recalculations.

Planned improvements

Besides a routine revision of the underlying model, no specific improvements are planned.