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sector:ippu:pulp_paper_food:pulp_and_paper_industry:start [2023/04/12 13:37] – [Sulphite process] kludt | sector:ippu:pulp_paper_food:pulp_and_paper_industry:start [2023/04/19 12:34] – [Activity data] kludt | ||
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==== Mechanical pulp ==== | ==== Mechanical pulp ==== | ||
- | Mechanical pulp is produced in 8 plants in Germany. In mechanical pulping, wood fibres are separated from each other via mechanical energy applied to the wood matrix. This process is designed to conserve most of the lignin in the wood, in order to maximise yields while ensuring that the pulp has adequate strength and whiteness. | + | Mechanical pulp is produced in 8 plants in Germany. In mechanical pulping, wood fibres are separated from each other via mechanical energy applied to the wood matrix. This process is designed to conserve most of the lignin in the wood, in order to maximise yields while ensuring that the pulp has adequate strength and whiteness. |
- | * Unordered List Itemthe wood-grinding | + | * the groundwood |
and | and | ||
- | * the refiner | + | * the thermomechanical pulping |
Mechanical-pulp properties can be influenced by increasing the process temperature and, in the case of the refiner process, by chemical pre-treatment of the wood chips. The pulping process in which wood is chemically pre-softened and then broken down into fibres, under pressure, is known as chemical-thermal-mechanical pulping (CTMP). | Mechanical-pulp properties can be influenced by increasing the process temperature and, in the case of the refiner process, by chemical pre-treatment of the wood chips. The pulping process in which wood is chemically pre-softened and then broken down into fibres, under pressure, is known as chemical-thermal-mechanical pulping (CTMP). | ||
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==== Activity data ==== | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
- | The figures are available from the base year 1990 onwards and are collected annually by the Association of German Paper Mills compiled in a so-called Performance Report [(and other short statistics: https:// | + | The figures are available from the base year 1990 onwards and are collected annually by the Association of German Paper Mills compiled in a so-called Performance Report [(and other short statistics: https:// |
==== Emissions factors ==== | ==== Emissions factors ==== | ||
Since 2005 real emission factors from German plants for pulp production are available (German contribution to revision of the Best Available Technique Reference Document (BREF) for the pulp and paper industry, 2007). For this reason, in many cases interpolations were carried out between default and country specific values for 1990 and the real, plant-based values (valid from 1995 up to now). | Since 2005 real emission factors from German plants for pulp production are available (German contribution to revision of the Best Available Technique Reference Document (BREF) for the pulp and paper industry, 2007). For this reason, in many cases interpolations were carried out between default and country specific values for 1990 and the real, plant-based values (valid from 1995 up to now). | ||
- | In 2022 the national expert evaluated the used EFs with new figures of the producers [(Figures of facilities: „Data of periodic monitoring“ made available by industry association, | + | In 2022 the national expert evaluated the used EFs with new figures of the producers [(Figures of facilities: „Data of periodic monitoring“ made available by industry association, |
__Table 1: Overview of most recently applied emission factors, in kg/t__ | __Table 1: Overview of most recently applied emission factors, in kg/t__ | ||
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A range of measures in sulphite pulp production, carried out on a continual basis, led to reductions of SO₂ emissions. | A range of measures in sulphite pulp production, carried out on a continual basis, led to reductions of SO₂ emissions. | ||
- | EF of NMVOC is confidential since the AD of sulphat | + | EF of NMVOC is confidential since the AD of sulphate |
===== Recalculations ===== | ===== Recalculations ===== |